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1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, in the midst of the American Civil War and President Abraham Lincoln's reelection. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. Members were elected before the first session of the 39th United States Congress convened on December 4, 1865, including the at-large seat from the new state of Nevada, and the 8 from Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. The other 10 secessionist states had not yet been readmitted, and therefore were not seated.

The opposition Democrats were deeply divided between the Copperheads, a group that demanded an immediate negotiated settlement with the Confederate States of America, and the War Democrats, who supported the war. With the Democrats lacking any coherent message, they lost half their seats to Lincoln's Republican Party, who increased their majority to a commanding level.

The National Union Party (formerly known as the Unionists) lost seven seats, retaining control of 18 seats (some classify the Representatives as including 13 Unconditional Unionists and five Unionists), all from the border states of Maryland, Tennessee, and Kentucky, as well as West Virginia.

Election summaries

One new seat was added for the new State of Nevada[1] and 8 vacancies were filled by the readmission of Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. Three former Confederate States held elections in 1865 that were rejected by Congress.

Of the rejected elections, Florida's and Mississippi's claimants' parties are unknown, while North Carolina elected 4 Union and 3 Conservative Representatives.

Special elections

38th Congress

39th Congress

Alabama

Arizona Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Arkansas

California

Note: This was the first election in which California elected representatives from congressional districts.

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nevada

38th Congress

On October 31, 1864, the new state of Nevada elected Republican Henry G. Worthington to finish the term ending March 3, 1865.

39th Congress

Worthington was not renominated for the next term, however, and on November 7, 1865, Republican Delos R. Ashley was elected November 7, 1865 for the term that had already begun but would not formally meet until December 4, 1865.

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Ohio's delegation swung from 14–5 Democratic to 17-2 Republican as 10 Democratic incumbents lost renomination or re-election.

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Elections held late, on August 3, 1865.

Texas

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

Virginia

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1864.[23]

Non-voting delegates

38th Congress

39th Congress

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Excludes states admitted after the start of Congress.
  2. ^ a b Including late elections.
  3. ^ a b Represents the combined results of the Republican and Unionist candidates in the last election cycle.
  4. ^ In comparison to the combined results of the Republican and Unionist candidates in the last election cycle.
  5. ^ a b c Includes 1 Independent Republican, John R. Kelso, elected in MO-04.
  6. ^ Including Unconditional Unionists.
  7. ^ New state.
  8. ^ Changed from at-large.
  9. ^ Although "An Act to establish a uniform time for holding elections for electors of President and Vice President in all the States of the Union (28th Congress, 2nd Session, Chapter 1, 5 Stat. 721, enacted January 23, 1845) was only for presidential elections, the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections.
  10. ^ Readmitted state.
  11. ^ Not admitted until July 24, 1866.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rejected election.
  13. ^ There were a total of 50 vacancies remaining, after the readmission of Tennessee.
  14. ^ a b Date speculative, but presumed to be in 1864[25] and 1865.[26]

References

  1. ^ 14 Stat. 391
  2. ^ "IL District 05 - Special Race - May 19, 1864". Our Campaigns. March 10, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  3. ^ "The Resignation of Hon. Henry G. Stebbins, M.C." The New York Times. October 26, 1864. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  4. ^ "NY District 1 - Special Election Race - Nov 08, 1864". Our Campaigns. March 18, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  5. ^ "MD District 2 Race - Nov 07, 1865". Our Campaigns. March 9, 2004. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  6. ^ "MA District 6 - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1865". Our Campaigns. January 26, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  7. ^ "NY District 16 - Special Election - Nov 07, 1865". Our Campaigns. May 11, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  8. ^ a b History of Nevada, p. 87.
  9. ^ History of Nevada, p. 88–89.
  10. ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 195, 196.
  11. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  12. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  13. ^ "Vote of the Knoxville District," Knoxville Whig and Rebel Ventilator, 13 September 1865, p. 2.
  14. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  15. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  16. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  17. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  18. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  19. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  20. ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  21. ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  22. ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  23. ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  24. ^ "Our Campaigns - AZ Territorial Delegate - Initial Election Race - Aug 02, 1864".
  25. ^ a b "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate - Initial Election Race - Nov 08, 1864". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  26. ^ a b "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 07, 1865". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  27. ^ "Our Campaigns - AZ Territorial Delegate Race - Aug 02, 1865". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  28. ^ "Our Campaigns - ID Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 10, 1864". www.ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography

External links