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Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes

This timeline of artificial satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites from each country are included. Not included are most Earth science satellites, commercial satellites or crewed missions.

Timeline

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Green, Constance McLaughlin; Lomask, Milton (1970). Vanguard: A History. Scientific and Technical Information Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. pp. 283–287.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "NASA Major Launch Record" (PDF). history.nasa.gov. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
  3. ^ "In Depth | Pioneer 5 – Solar System Exploration: NASA Science". Solar System Exploration: NASA Science. Retrieved 2018-10-14.
  4. ^ "Ranger 1". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  5. ^ "Ranger 2". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  6. ^ "Ranger 3". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  7. ^ "Ranger 4". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  8. ^ "Discussion". Space Policy. 14 (1): 5–8. 1998. Bibcode:1998SpPol..14....5.. doi:10.1016/S0265-9646(97)00038-6.
  9. ^ "Ranger 5". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  10. ^ a b c d "Pioneer 6: NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1965-105A". NASA. Retrieved 9 September 2018. Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  11. ^ "Surveyor 1: NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1966-045A". NASA.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  12. ^ "Surveyor 2". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  13. ^ "Surveyor 3". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  14. ^ "Surveyor 4". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  15. ^ "Surveyor 5". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  16. ^ "Surveyor 6". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  17. ^ "Surveyor 7". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-14.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  18. ^ "Mariner 6". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-13.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  19. ^ "Mariner 7". www.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-13.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  20. ^ "Azur". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/. Retrieved 2020-01-08.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  21. ^ [1] Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet (ANS)
  22. ^ "ETRSS 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
  23. ^ "Solar Orbiter". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  24. ^ "ESA Science & Technology - Solar Orbiter". sci.esa.int. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
  25. ^ "ESA - Solar Orbiter". www.esa.int. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
  26. ^ Hille, Karl (2019-10-21). "NASA's Lucy Mission Clears Critical Milestone". NASA. Retrieved 2020-12-05.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  27. ^ Kretke, Katherine. "NASA's Lucy Spacecraft Discovers 2nd Asteroid During Dinkinesh Flyby". NASA. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  28. ^ Chang, Kenneth (6 January 2017). "A Metal Ball the Size of Massachusetts That NASA Wants to Explore". The New York Times.
  29. ^ "Voyager is sending 'impossible data' back to Nasa from the edge of the Solar System". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Engineers Investigating NASA's Voyager 1 Telemetry Data". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  31. ^ Folger, Tim. "Record-Breaking Voyager Spacecraft Begin to Power Down". Scientific American. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  32. ^ "Госкорпорация «Роскосмос»". Telegram. Retrieved 2023-08-20.
  33. ^ Jones, Andrew (2024-03-14). "Surprise Chinese lunar mission hit by launch anomaly". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
  34. ^ Jones, Andrew (2024-08-20). "Chinese spacecraft appear to reach lunar orbit despite launch setback". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
  35. ^ Jones, Andrew (2024-03-28). "China appears to be trying to save stricken spacecraft from lunar limbo". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-03-29.

External links