An antipope is a historical papal claimant not recognized as legitimate by the Catholic Church. Unlike papal tombs, the tombs of antipopes have generally not been preserved, with a few notable exceptions.
Others are obscure because of the damnatio memoriae surrounding the lives of antipopes,[6] or because they were refused burial due to excommunication.[1][7] Some of those can be presumed to have been buried unceremoniously in the monasteries to which the antipopes were confined after submitting or losing power.[1] The exception is Hippolytus of Rome, the first antipope, who was translated to Rome by his former rival Pope Fabian following his martyrdom, and is regarded as a saint.[8]
Various antipopes, however, received prominent burials, including one among the papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica (which were destroyed during the sixteenth/seventeenth century demolition).[9] In particular, the conciliar claimants of the Western Schism were entombed in elaborate tombs in important churches by famous sculptors. The tomb of Antipope John XXIII typifies political iconography of antipapal burial, subtly arguing for the legitimacy of the entombed.[10]
Notes
^ a b c d e f gReardon, 2004, p. 95.
^ a b cReardon, 2004, p. 92.
^ a bReardon, 2004, p. 138.
^ a bReardon, 2004, pp. 140–141.
^ a bReardon, 2004, p. 153.
^ a bReardon, 2004, p. 43.
^ a b c dReardon, 2004, p. 150.
^ a bReardon, 2004, p. 27.
^ a bReardon, 2004, p. 69.
^Lightbown, R.W. 1980. Donatello & Michelozzo. London: Harvey Miller. ISBN 0-905203-22-4. p. 16l; Caplow, Harriet McNeal. 1977. Michelozzo. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8240-2678-3. p. 107.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 29.
^ a bReardon, 2004, p. 37.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 39.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 42.
^ a bReardon, 2004, p. 56.
^ a bReardon, 2004, p. 59.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 62.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 64.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 75.
^Reardon, 2004, pp. 76–77.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 81.
^ a bReardon, 2004, p. 85.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 87.
^ a b c dReardon, 2004, p. 89.
^I. S. Robinson, The Papacy. Continuity and innovation, Cambridge University Press 1990, p. 66
^Reardon, 2004, p. 90.
^Prinz, Joachim. 1966. Popes of the Ghetto. Horizon. p. 237.
^Miranda, S. 1998. "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Biographical Dictionary: Pope Callistus II (1119–1124): Consistory of December 1122 (VII)". Florida International University. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 127.
^Reardon, 2004, p. 269.
References
Reardon, Wendy J. 2004. The Deaths of the Popes. Macfarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-7864-1527-4