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Steamroller (microarchitecture)

AMD Steamroller Family 15h is a microarchitecture developed by AMD for AMD APUs, which succeeded Piledriver in the beginning of 2014 as the third-generation Bulldozer-based microarchitecture.[2] Steamroller APUs continue to use two-core modules as their predecessors, while aiming at achieving greater levels of parallelism.

Microarchitecture

Steamroller still features two-core modules found in Bulldozer and Piledriver designs called clustered multi-thread (CMT), meaning that one module is marketed as a dual-core processor.[3] The focus of Steamroller is for greater parallelism.[4] Improvements center on independent instruction decoders for each core within a module, 25% more of the maximum width dispatches per thread, better instruction schedulers, improved perceptron branch predictor, larger and smarter caches, up to 30% fewer instruction cache misses, branch misprediction rate reduced by 20%, dynamically resizable L2 cache, micro-operations queue,[5] more internal register resources and improved memory controller.

AMD estimated that these improvements will increase instructions per cycle (IPC) up to 30% compared to the first-generation Bulldozer core while maintaining Piledriver's high clock rates with decreased power consumption.[3] The final result was a 9% single-threaded IPC improvement, and 18% multi-threaded IPC improvement over Piledriver.[6]

Steamroller, the microarchitecture for CPUs, as well as Graphics Core Next, the microarchitecture for GPUs, are paired together in the APU lines to support features specified in Heterogeneous System Architecture.

History

In 2011, AMD announced a third-generation Bulldozer-based line of processors for 2013,[7] with Next Generation Bulldozer as the working title, using the 28 nm manufacturing process.[8]

On 21 September 2011, leaked AMD slides indicated that this third generation of Bulldozer core was codenamed Steamroller.[9][10]

In January 2014, the first Kaveri APUs became available.[11]

Starting from May 2015 till March 2016 new APUs were launched as Kaveri-refresh (codenamed Godavari).[12]

Features

The following table shows features of AMD's processors with 3D graphics, including APUs (see also: List of AMD processors with 3D graphics).

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  1. ^ For FM2+ Excavator models: A8-7680, A6-7480 & Athlon X4 845.
  2. ^ A PC would be one node.
  3. ^ An APU combines a CPU and a GPU. Both have cores.
  4. ^ Requires firmware support.
  5. ^ a b Requires firmware support.
  6. ^ No SSE4. No SSSE3.
  7. ^ Single-precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
  8. ^ Unified shaders : texture mapping units : render output units
  9. ^ a b To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
  10. ^ To feed more than two displays, the additional panels must have native DisplayPort support.[22] Alternatively active DisplayPort-to-DVI/HDMI/VGA adapters can be employed.
  11. ^ a b DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

Processors

APU lines

  1. Kaveri A-series APU
    • Desktop budget and mainstream markets (FM2+): The Trinity / Richland APU line was replaced in January 2014 by the Kaveri APU line, as the third generation of A10, A8, A6 and A4 series for the desktop market. Top-of-the-line model in 2014 was the quad-core A10-7850K APU, with a 3.7 GHz core frequency and 4 MB L2 cache, incorporating a 720 MHz GPU with 512 stream processors and over 856 GFLOPS of total processing power.[27]
      In 2015 and 2016 new models with two to four enhanced Steamroller B cores were released as Kaveri-refresh / Godavari. A10-7890K, the new top-of-the-line model, features an increased core frequency of 4.1 GHz and an 866 MHz GPU.
    • Two or four CPU cores based on the Steamroller microarchitecture
    • Socket FM2+-only, Socket FM2 is not supported,[28] support for PCIe 3.0
    • DDR3 Dual-channel (2x64-bit) memory controller
    • AMD Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) 2.0
    • SIP blocks: Unified Video Decoder, Video Coding Engine, TrueAudio[29]
    • Three to eight Compute Units (CUs) based on the revised GCN 2nd gen microarchitecture;[30] 1 Compute Unit (CU) consists of 64 Unified Shader Processors : 4 Texture Mapping Units (TMUs) : 1 Render Output Unit (ROP)
    • AMD Eyefinity up to 4 monitors,[31] 4K Ultra HD support, DisplayPort 1.2 Support[32]
    • Select models support AMD Hybrid Graphics by using a Radeon R7 240 or R7 250 discrete graphics card.[33]
    • Integrated custom ARM Cortex-A5 co-processor[34] with TrustZone Security Extensions[35]
  2. Berlin APU - canceled
    • Announced in 2013 by AMD[36] the Berlin APU were targeted at the enterprise and server markets featuring four Steamroller cores, up to 512 stream processors and support for ECC memory.

FX lines (discontinued)

In November 2013 AMD confirmed it would not update the FX series in 2014, neither its Socket AM3+ version, nor will it receive a Steamroller version with a new socket.[37][38]

AMD however, released a Kaveri based FX-770K for desktop and FX-7600P for mobile which are basically APUs with their integrated graphics disabled similar to the Athlon X4 FM2+ line. Those APUs were released for OEMs only.

Server lines (canceled)

AMD's server roadmaps for 2014 showed:[39][40]

However, plans for Steamroller Opteron products were cancelled, likely due to the poor energy efficiency achieved in this generation of the Bulldozer architecture. Energy efficiency was greatly increased in the following generation, Excavator, which exceeded Jaguar in performance per watt, and approximately doubled performance/watt over Steamroller (for example 20.74 pt/W vs 10.85 pt/W when comparing similar mobile APUs using rough arbitrary metrics).[43][44]

References

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  2. ^ "AMD Kaveri Review: A8-7600 and A10-7850K Tested". Anandtech.com. 2014-01-14. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
  3. ^ a b "AMD: We Are On Track With Steamroller Micro-Architecture in 2013". X-bit labs. 2013-03-31. Archived from the original on 2013-10-25. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  4. ^ Su, Lisa (2012-02-02). "Consumerization, Cloud, Convergence" (PDF). AMD 2012 Financial Analyst Day. Sunnyvale, California: Advanced Micro Devices. p. 26. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
  5. ^ Anand Lal Shimpi (2012-08-28). "AMD's Steamroller Detailed: 3rd Generation Bulldozer Core". Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  6. ^ Miller, Michael J. (2014-02-14). "Ivytown, Steamroller, 14 and 16nm Process Highlight ISSCC". Forwardthinking.pcmag.com. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
  7. ^ Anton Shilov (2010-11-09). "AMD Plans to Release Twenty-Core Microprocessor in 2012". X-bit labs. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
  8. ^ "2012 Financial Analyst Day". 2012-02-02. Archived from the original on 2014-09-06. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  9. ^ "Hosszútávú mobil útiterv szivárgott ki az AMD-től - PROHARDVER! Processzor hír". Prohardver.hu. 2011-09-21. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
  10. ^ "Nuove roadmap AMD sulle future APU in programma nel 2012 e nel 2013 per il mercato mobile". 2011-09-21. Archived from the original on 2013-01-11. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
  11. ^ Joel Hruska (2014-01-14). "AMD Kaveri A10-7850K and A8-7600 review: Was it worth the wait for the first true heterogeneous chip?". extremetech.com. Retrieved 2014-01-17.
  12. ^ "12 款 APU 及 CPU 準備出發，「Godavari」為 AMD 產品新代號". VR-Zone. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  13. ^ "AMD Announces the 7th Generation APU: Excavator mk2 in Bristol Ridge and Stoney Ridge for Notebooks". 31 May 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  14. ^ "AMD Mobile "Carrizo" Family of APUs Designed to Deliver Significant Leap in Performance, Energy Efficiency in 2015" (Press release). 20 November 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  15. ^ "The Mobile CPU Comparison Guide Rev. 13.0 Page 5 : AMD Mobile CPU Full List". TechARP.com. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  16. ^ a b "AMD VEGA10 and VEGA11 GPUs spotted in OpenCL driver". VideoCardz.com. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  17. ^ Cutress, Ian (1 February 2018). "Zen Cores and Vega: Ryzen APUs for AM4 – AMD Tech Day at CES: 2018 Roadmap Revealed, with Ryzen APUs, Zen+ on 12nm, Vega on 7nm". Anandtech. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  18. ^ Larabel, Michael (17 November 2017). "Radeon VCN Encode Support Lands in Mesa 17.4 Git". Phoronix. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  19. ^ a b "AMD Ryzen 5000G 'Cezanne' APU Gets First High-Res Die Shots, 10.7 Billion Transistors In A 180mm2 Package". wccftech. Aug 12, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  20. ^ Tony Chen; Jason Greaves, "AMD's Graphics Core Next (GCN) Architecture" (PDF), AMD, retrieved 13 August 2016
  21. ^ "A technical look at AMD's Kaveri architecture". Semi Accurate. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  22. ^ "How do I connect three or More Monitors to an AMD Radeon™ HD 5000, HD 6000, and HD 7000 Series Graphics Card?". AMD. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  23. ^ Airlie, David (26 November 2009). "DisplayPort supported by KMS driver mainlined into Linux kernel 2.6.33". Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  24. ^ "Radeon feature matrix". freedesktop.org. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  25. ^ Deucher, Alexander (16 September 2015). "XDC2015: AMDGPU" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  26. ^ a b Michel Dänzer (17 November 2016). "[ANNOUNCE] xf86-video-amdgpu 1.2.0". lists.x.org.
  27. ^ "AMD Unleashes More Details About Kaveri: HSA, TrueAudio, Mantle". Archived from the original on 2016-08-04. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
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  30. ^ "AMD Kaveri APU Architecture Detailed". 4 July 2013.
  31. ^ "Multi-monitor: Civilization V on A10-7850K "Kaveri"". YouTube.
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  34. ^ "AMD to add ARM processors to boost chip security". 14 June 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  35. ^ "AMD and ARM Fusion redefine beyond x86". Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  36. ^ "AMD Berlin Server APU Provides Glimpse At Upcoming Kaveri APU With 4 Steamroller Cores and 512 GCN SPs". 19 June 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
  37. ^ Anton Shilov (2013-11-13). "AMD Cans Plans to Introduce Next-Gen FX Microprocessors Next Year". xbitlabs.com. Archived from the original on 2019-12-01. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
  38. ^ Josh Walrath (2013-09-04). "AMD's Processor Shift: The Future Really is Fusion". Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  39. ^ "Berlin, Warsaw are the future of AMD's x86 server lineup". The Tech Report. 2013-06-18. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
  40. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (December 26, 2013). "AMD Opteron Roadmap Reveals Next Generation Toronto and Carrizo APU Details". WCCF Tech. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  41. ^ Mendoza, Menchie (August 13, 2014). "AMD unwraps 64-bit ARM 'Seattle' server chip". Tech Times. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
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