Slovak name

Slovak names consist of a given name and surname. Slovakia uses the Western name order with the given name being listed before surname. However, there is a historical tradition to reverse this order, especially in official contexts including administrative papers and legal documents, as well as on gravestones and memorials.

Most Slovaks do not have a middle name. The family name forms for males and females are distinct in Slovakia, making it possible to identify gender from the name alone. As of 2003 there were 185,288 different family names in use among 5.4 million Slovaks, or one family name for every 29 citizens. There is an estimated 90,000 lineages in Slovakia.^[1] With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname. Slovak names are very similar to Czech names.

Given names

Given names in Slovakia are called baptismal names (Slovak: krstné mená) despite being completely different from the Christian baptismal names. Proper baptismal names given during infant baptism are still common in the countryside, yet they are only seldom used within the official name (if they are, they form the person's middle name). Generally, names in Slovakia can be of several distinct origins:

• Slavic names of pre-Christian origin (e.g. Dobromil)
• Christian names often inspired by saints (e.g. Vojtech)
• Names of past kings and rulers (e.g. Ladislav)
• Modern names (e.g. Lukas)
• Names of ethnic minorities living in Slovakia (e.g. Béla)

Surnames

Surnames differ according to gender. Normally, the feminine form is created by adding suffix "ová" to the masculine form (e.g. Bača would be Bačová). If the surname is derived from adjectives, the ý suffix is replaced with á. Because Slovakia also has people with Hungarian, German, and other ancestors, some surnames in Slovakia will follow the convention of those languages and not conform to these norms.^[3]

Some popular surnames include:^[4]

• Derived from profession:
  • Kováč – Smith
  • Mlynár – Miller
  • Bača – shepherd
  • Rybár – fisher
  • Kráľ – king
  • Pekár – baker
  • Kuchár – cook
  • Mäsiar – butcher
  • Holič – barber
• Maliar – painter
  • Kľúčiar – key maker
  • Mečiar – sword maker
  • Sklenár – glassmaker.
• Derived from adjectives:
  • Čierny – black
  • Biely – white
  • Suchý – dry
  • Mokrý – wet
  • Slaný – salty
  • Smutný – sad
  • Šťastný – happy/lucky
  • Malý – small
  • Široký – wide
  • Tichý – quiet
  • Surový – raw
• Others:
  • Koreň – root
  • Chren – horseradish
  • Repa – beet
  • Slanina – bacon
  • Polievka – soup
  • Cibuľka – little onion
  • Malina – raspberry
  • Dobrovodský – good water
  • Holub – pigeon
  • Chrobák – beetle
  • Komár – mosquito
  • Medvedík – little bear
  • Koleno – knee
  • Mráz – frost
  • Okienka – little window
  • Otčenáš – our father
  • Bezdeda – without a grandpa
  • Dolina – valley
  • Kocur – tomcat

See also

• Slavic surnames
• Name days in Slovakia
• Czech name
• Slovak identity card

References

1. "Najčastejšie priezviská na Slovensku" [Most common family names in Slovakia]. Geni.sk (in Slovak). 10 January 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
2. "Najčastejším menom, ktorým rodičia pomenovali svoje dieťa v roku 2010, je Jakub" [The most common name given by parents in 2010 is Jakub]. Slovak Ministry of Interior (in Slovak). Retrieved 16 August 2012.
3. Hrabovská Francelová, Nina (31 July 2020). "Ová and out: Slovak women dropping female suffix from surnames". The Slovak Spectator. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
4. "Slovak surnames". The foreigner's guide to Slovakia. 23 November 2007. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008.

External links

• Czech and Slovak given names