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Portal:Numismática

El Portal de Numismática

Moneda de electrum de Éfeso , 520-500 a.C. Anverso: Parte anterior del ciervo . Reverso: Punzón de incuso cuadrado

La numismática es el estudio o colección de la moneda , incluidas monedas, fichas, billetes, medallas y objetos relacionados.

Los especialistas, conocidos como numismáticos , suelen caracterizarse como estudiantes o coleccionistas de monedas , pero la disciplina también incluye el estudio más amplio del dinero y otros medios de pago utilizados para resolver deudas e intercambiar bienes .

Los coleccionistas clasifican las primeras formas de dinero utilizadas por la gente como "raras y curiosas", pero se excluye el uso de otros bienes en el trueque, incluso cuando se utilizan como moneda circulante ( por ejemplo, cigarrillos o fideos instantáneos en prisión). A modo de ejemplo, el pueblo kirguís utilizaba caballos como principal unidad monetaria y entregaba pequeñas monedas en pieles de cordero ; las pieles de cordero pueden ser adecuadas para el estudio numismático, pero las de los caballos no. [ dudoso ] Muchos objetos se han utilizado durante siglos, como conchas de cauri , metales preciosos , granos de cacao , piedras grandes y gemas . ( Articulo completo... )

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  • El medio dólar del Cincinnati Musical Center o medio dólar del Cincinnati Music Center es una pieza conmemorativa de 50 centavos acuñada por la Oficina de la Casa de la Moneda de los Estados Unidos en 1936. Producida con el propósito declarado de conmemorar el cincuentenario de Cincinnati , Ohio , como centro de música, fue concebido por Thomas G. Melish , un entusiasta de las monedas que controlaba el grupo al que se le permitió comprar la emisión completa al gobierno y que revendía las piezas a precios elevados.

    El Congreso aprobó la legislación para la moneda el 31 de marzo de 1936, autorizando la acuñación de 15.000 piezas en las tres casas de moneda que entonces estaban en funcionamiento. Melish había contratado a la escultora Constance Ortmayer para diseñar la moneda, pero la Comisión de Bellas Artes se negó a recomendar los diseños. Los miembros se opusieron a la representación de Stephen Foster en el anverso , al no encontrar conexión entre Foster, quien murió en 1864, y el supuesto aniversario. Sin embargo, los diseños fueron aprobados por la Oficina de la Casa de la Moneda y se emitieron y vendieron 5.000 juegos de las tres casas de moneda al grupo de Melish, el único comprador autorizado. ( Articulo completo... )

  • El medio dólar del Centenario de Cleveland es un medio dólar estadounidense conmemorativo acuñado en la Casa de la Moneda de Filadelfia en 1936 y 1937, aunque todos llevan la fecha anterior. A veces conocido como medio dólar de la Exposición de los Grandes Lagos del Centenario de Cleveland , se emitió para conmemorar el centenario de Cleveland, Ohio , como ciudad incorporada, y en conmemoración de la Exposición de los Grandes Lagos , celebrada en Cleveland en 1936. A mediados de la década de 1930 , las monedas conmemorativas estaban aumentando de valor, y el empresario de Cincinnati Thomas G. Melish , coleccionista de monedas, presionó al Congreso para que autorizara varias emisiones nuevas, de las que sería el único distribuidor. Tuvo éxito con el medio dólar del Cincinnati Musical Center , del que se benefició enormemente, y con la pieza de Cleveland. Brenda Putnam diseñó la moneda de Cleveland, que fue aprobada por la Comisión de Bellas Artes tras sugerencias del escultor Lee Lawrie . ( Articulo completo... )


  • The Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative coins were issued by the United States Mint in 2019 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the first crewed landing on the Moon by Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. Consisting of a gold half eagle ($5 coin), two different sizes of silver dollars, and a copper-nickel clad half dollar, each of the four was issued in proof condition, with all but the larger silver dollar also issued in uncirculated. The gold coins were struck at the West Point Mint, the silver at the Philadelphia Mint and the base metal half dollars at the mints in Denver and San Francisco.

    All four coins have the same design. The obverse depicts a bootprint on the lunar surface, based on a photograph taken by Aldrin. That design is by Maine sculptor Gary Cooper, with engraving by Joseph Menna of the Mint. The reverse, as mandated by Congress, depicts the visor and surrounding helmet of Aldrin's space suit, with Armstrong, the U.S. Flag and the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle in the reflection. This is based on a well-known photograph taken by Armstrong, and was created and engraved by Phebe Hemphill of the Mint. The depiction of Aldrin made him the seventh individual to appear on a U.S. coin who was alive at the time the coins were struck. (Full article...)

  • The Gobrecht dollar, minted from 1836 to 1839, was the first silver dollar struck for circulation by the United States Mint after production of that denomination had been halted in 1806 (the last previous silver dollars were struck in 1804 but dated 1803). The coin was struck in small numbers to determine whether the reintroduced silver dollar would be well received by the public.

    In 1835, Director of the United States Mint Samuel Moore resigned his post, and Robert M. Patterson assumed the position. Shortly after, Patterson began an attempt to redesign the nation's coinage. After Mint Chief Engraver William Kneass suffered a stroke later that year, Christian Gobrecht was hired as an engraver. On August 1, Patterson wrote a letter to Philadelphia artist Thomas Sully laying out his plans for the dollar coin. He also asked Titian Peale to create a design for the coin. Sully created an obverse design depicting a seated representation of Liberty and Peale a reverse depicting a soaring bald eagle, which were adapted into coin designs by Gobrecht. After the designs were created and trials struck, production of the working dies began in September 1836. (Full article...)

  • The Elgin, Illinois, Centennial half dollar was a fifty-cent commemorative coin issued by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1936, part of the wave of commemoratives authorized by Congress and struck that year. Intended to commemorate the centennial of the founding of Elgin, the piece was designed by local sculptor Trygve Rovelstad. The obverse depicts an idealized head of a pioneer man. The reverse shows a grouping of pioneers, and is based upon a sculptural group that Rovelstad hoped to build as a memorial to those who settled Illinois, but which was not erected in his lifetime.

    Rovelstad had heard of other efforts to gain authorization for commemorative coins, which were sold by the Mint to a designated group at face value and then retailed to the public at a premium. In 1935, through his congressman, he had legislation introduced into the House of Representatives for a commemorative coin in honor of Elgin's centennial that year. Rovelstad hoped that the proposed coin would both depict and be a source of funds for his memorial to the pioneers. Texas coin dealer L.W. Hoffecker heard of the effort and contacted Rovelstad to offer his assistance—Hoffecker had been a force behind the Old Spanish Trail half dollar, issued in 1935 and distributed by him. (Full article...)

  • The Missouri Centennial half dollar is a commemorative fifty-cent piece struck by the United States Mint in 1921. It was designed by Robert Ingersoll Aitken. The US state of Missouri wanted a commemorative coin to mark its centennial that year. Legislation for such a coin passed through Congress without opposition and was signed by President Warren G. Harding on his inauguration day, March 4, 1921. The federal Commission of Fine Arts hired Aitken to design the coin, which depicted Daniel Boone on both sides. The reverse design, showing Boone with a Native American, has been interpreted as symbolizing the displacement of the Indians by white settlers.

    To increase sales, a portion of the issue was produced with the mark 2★4, symbolic of Missouri being the 24th state. Although admired for the design, the coins did not sell as well as hoped, and almost 60 percent were returned to the Philadelphia Mint for melting. There are fewer coins with 2★4 than without, but they remain near-equal in value. (Full article...)
  • Fifty-cent fractional currency depicting Francis E. Spinner, with autograph signature
    Fifty-cent fractional currency depicting Francis E. Spinner, with autograph signature.

    Fractional currency, also referred to as shinplasters, was introduced by the United States federal government following the outbreak of the Civil War. These low-denomination banknotes of the United States dollar were in use between 21 August 1862 and 15 February 1876, and issued in denominations of 3, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 cents across five issuing periods. The complete type set below is part of the National Numismatic Collection, housed at the National Museum of American History, part of the Smithsonian Institution. (Full article...)

  • The gold dollar or gold one-dollar piece is a gold coin that was struck as a regular issue by the United States Bureau of the Mint from 1849 to 1889. The coin had three types over its lifetime, all designed by Mint Chief Engraver James B. Longacre. The Type 1 issue has the smallest diameter (0.5 inch =12.7mm) of any United States coin minted to date.

    A gold dollar coin had been proposed several times in the 1830s and 1840s, but was not initially adopted. Congress was finally galvanized into action by the increased supply of bullion caused by the California gold rush, and in 1849 authorized a gold dollar. In its early years, silver coins were being hoarded or exported, and the gold dollar found a ready place in commerce. Silver again circulated after Congress in 1853 required that new coins of that metal be made lighter, and the gold dollar became a rarity in commerce even before federal coins vanished from circulation because of the economic disruption caused by the American Civil War. (Full article...)

  • The Bridgeport, Connecticut, Centennial half dollar (also the Bridgeport Centennial half dollar or Bridgeport half dollar) is a commemorative fifty-cent piece issued in 1936 by the United States Bureau of the Mint to honor the 100th anniversary of the incorporation of Bridgeport, Connecticut, as a city. Designed by Henry Kreis, the obverse depicts the showman P. T. Barnum, who was one of Bridgeport's most famous residents, was mayor of the city, helped develop it, and is buried there. The reverse depicts a stylized eagle.

    Bridgeport authorities wanted a commemorative coin to help fund the centennial celebrations. At the time, Congress was authorizing such coins for even local events, and the Bridgeport half dollar legislation passed Congress without opposition. Kreis had designed the Connecticut Tercentenary half dollar (1935), and he produced designs showing a left-facing Barnum and a modernistic eagle similar to the one on the Connecticut piece. (Full article...)

  • The Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar was a fifty-cent piece struck intermittently by the United States Bureau of the Mint between 1926 and 1939. The coin was designed by Laura Gardin Fraser and James Earle Fraser, and commemorates those who traveled the Oregon Trail and settled the Pacific Coast of the United States in the mid-19th century. Struck over a lengthy period in small numbers per year, the many varieties produced came to be considered a ripoff by coin collectors, and led to the end, for the time, of the commemorative coin series.

    Ohio-born Ezra Meeker had traveled the Trail with his family in 1852 and spent the final two decades of his long life before his death in 1928 publicizing the Oregon Trail, that it should not be forgotten. In 1926, at age 95, he appeared before a Senate committee, requesting that the government issue a commemorative coin that could be sold to raise money for markers to show where the Trail had been. The coin had originally been thought of by Idahoans, led by Dr. Minnie Howard, seeking to further preservation work at Fort Hall; Meeker broadened the idea. Congress authorized six million half dollars, and placed no restriction on when or at what mint the coins would be struck. Meeker's Oregon Trail Memorial Association (OTMA) had tens of thousands of pieces struck in 1926 and 1928, and did not sell them all. Nevertheless, most years between 1933 and 1939, it had small quantities of the half dollar coined, in some years from all three operating mints to produce mintmarked varieties, and raised prices considerably. (Full article...)

  • The Eisenhower dollar was a one-dollar coin issued by the United States Mint from 1971 to 1978; it was the first coin of that denomination issued by the Mint since the Peace dollar series ended in 1935. The coin depicts President Dwight D. Eisenhower on the obverse, and a stylized image honoring the 1969 Apollo 11 Moon mission on the reverse. Both sides were designed by Frank Gasparro, with the reverse based on the mission patch designed by astronaut Michael Collins. It is the only large-size U.S. dollar coin whose circulation strikes contained no silver.

    In 1965, because of rises in bullion prices, the Mint began to strike copper-nickel clad coins instead of silver. No dollar coins had been issued for thirty years, but, beginning in 1969, legislators sought to reintroduce a dollar coin into commerce. After Eisenhower died that March, there were a number of proposals to honor him with the new coin. While these bills generally commanded wide support, enactment was delayed by a dispute over whether the new dollar coin should be in base metal or 40% silver. In 1970, a compromise was reached to strike the Eisenhower dollar in base metal for circulation, and in 40% silver as a collectible. On December 31, 1970, President Richard Nixon, who had served as vice president under Eisenhower, signed legislation authorizing mintage of the new coin. (Full article...)

  • The Franklin half dollar is a coin that was struck by the United States Mint from 1948 to 1963. The fifty-cent piece pictures Founding Father Benjamin Franklin on the obverse and the Liberty Bell on the reverse. A small eagle was placed to the right of the bell to fulfill the legal requirement that half dollars depict the figure of an eagle. Produced in 90 percent silver with a reeded edge, the coin was struck at the Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco mints.

    Mint director Nellie Tayloe Ross had long admired Franklin, and wanted him to be depicted on a coin. In 1947, she instructed her chief engraver, John R. Sinnock, to prepare designs for a Franklin half dollar. Sinnock's designs were based on his earlier work, but he died before their completion. The designs were completed by Sinnock's successor, Gilroy Roberts. The Mint submitted the new designs to the Commission of Fine Arts ("Commission") for its advisory opinion. The Commission disliked the small eagle and felt that depicting the crack in the Liberty Bell would expose the coinage to jokes and ridicule. Despite the Commission's disapproval, the Mint proceeded with Sinnock's designs. (Full article...)

  • The Vermont Sesquicentennial half dollar, sometimes called the Bennington–Vermont half dollar or the Battle of Bennington Sesquicentennial half dollar, is a commemorative fifty-cent piece struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1927. The coin was designed by Charles Keck, and on its obverse depicts early Vermont leader Ira Allen, brother of Ethan Allen.

    On January 9, 1925, Vermont Senator Frank Greene introduced legislation for commemorative coins to mark the 150th anniversary of Vermont declaring itself fully independent in 1777 and of the American victory at the Battle of Bennington the same year. His bill passed the Senate without difficulty, but in the House of Representatives faced an array of problems. Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon sent a letter opposing the bill and dispatched three Treasury officials to testify against it, arguing that the public was being confused as special coin issues entered circulation. The committee's resolve to have no more commemorative coins—after this one—did not impress the full House, which added two more half dollars to the legislation to mark other anniversaries. The Senate agreed to the changes, and President Calvin Coolidge signed the authorizing act on February 24, 1925. (Full article...)

  • The Kennedy half dollar, first minted in 1964, is a fifty-cent coin issued by the United States Mint. Intended as a memorial to the assassinated 35th president of the United States John F. Kennedy, it was authorized by Congress just over a month after his death. Use of existing works by Mint sculptors Gilroy Roberts and Frank Gasparro allowed dies to be prepared quickly, and striking of the new coins began in January 1964.

    The silver coins were hoarded upon their release in March 1964 by collectors and those interested in a memento of the late president. Although the Mint greatly increased production, the denomination was seldom seen in circulation. Continued rises in the price of silver increased the hoarding—many early Kennedy half dollars have been melted for their silver content. Starting with 1965-dated coins, the percentage of fine silver was reduced from 90% to 40% (silver clad), but even with this change the coin saw little circulation. (Full article...)

  • The McKinley Birthplace Memorial gold dollar was a commemorative coin struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1916 and 1917, depicting the 25th President of the United States, William McKinley. The coin's obverse was designed by Charles E. Barber, Chief Engraver of the Mint, and the reverse by his assistant, George T. Morgan. As McKinley had appeared on a version of the 1903-dated Louisiana Purchase Exposition dollar, the 1916 release made him the first person to appear on two issues of U.S. coins.

    The coins were to be sold at a premium to finance the National McKinley Birthplace Memorial at Niles, Ohio, and were vended by the group constructing it. The issue was originally proposed as a silver dollar; this was changed when it was realized it would not be appropriate to honor a president who had supported the gold standard with such a piece. The coins were poorly promoted, and did not sell well. Despite an authorized mintage of 100,000, only about 30,000 were minted. Of these, 20,000 were sold, many of these at a reduced price to Texas coin dealer B. Max Mehl. The remaining 10,000 pieces were returned to the Mint for melting. (Full article...)

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La libra egipcia ( árabe egipcio : جنيه مصرى [ge.neːh masˤ.ri] ; abreviaturas: £ , , £E , LE , o EGP en latín , y ج.م. en árabe , código ISO : EGP ) es la moneda oficial de Egipto . Se divide en 100 piastras , o qirsh ( قرش [ʔerʃ] ; plural قروش [ʔo.ruːʃ] ; abreviatura: PT (abreviatura de "piastre tarif")), o 1.000 miliemes ( مليم  [mal.liːm] ; francés : millième , abreviado como m o mill ), pero los miliemes ya no se utilizan.

Los nuevos billetes de 10 y 20 libras están hechos de papel plástico polimérico a partir del 6 de julio de 2022. ( Artículo completo... )

Imagen seleccionada

Crédito: Poznaniak

La moneda conmemorativa lituana de 1 litas se puso en circulación en 2005 para promover la reconstrucción del palacio real .

Sabías...

Moneda de 2 dólares de Terranova
Reverso, Terranova dos dólares

Portales relacionados

Moneda seleccionada - mostrar otra

El reverso de una moneda de florín italiano
El florín florentino fue una moneda de oro (en italiano Fiorino d'oro ) acuñada entre 1252 y 1533 sin ningún cambio significativo en su diseño o estándar de contenido de metal durante ese tiempo. Tenía 54 granos (3,499 gramos, 0,1125 onzas troy ) de oro nominalmente puro o "fino" con un poder adquisitivo difícil de estimar (y variable) pero que oscilaba según el grupo social y la perspectiva desde aproximadamente 140 a 1.000 dólares estadounidenses modernos . El nombre de la moneda proviene del Giglio bottonato (it), el emblema floral de la ciudad, que está representado en la cabeza de la moneda. ( Articulo completo... )

Imagen de billete seleccionada: mostrar otra


Crédito: commons:Usuario:Timur lenk
Atrás de 1993 Billete de 2 litas lituanas .

Imágenes generales - cargar nuevo lote

Las siguientes son imágenes de varios artículos relacionados con la numismática en Wikipedia.

Terminología numismática

WikiProyectos

Temas numismáticos

Dinero - Monedas - Billetes - Dinero electrónico - Tipo de cambio - Curso legal - Clubes - Terminología

Moneda antigua : Asia - Bizancio - Grecia - Moneda primitiva - Romana - Moneda india

Moneda moderna : África - América - Asia y el Pacífico - Europa - Monedas en lingotes - Monedas de desafío - Monedas conmemorativas - Monedas simbólicas

Economía : Banca - Bonos - Cheques - Tarjetas de crédito - Moneda fiduciaria - Patrón oro - Casas de moneda - Unión monetaria - Moneda de reserva - Acciones

Producción : Acuñación (mecanizado) - Diseñadores - Troqueles - Casa de moneda (moneda)  • Acuñación Metales : Aluminio - Bronce - Cobre - Oro - Platino - Plata - Estaño

Exonumia - Notafilia - Scripofilia



Lista de artículos

Bancos centrales  • Monedas  • Monedas en circulación  • Monedas históricas  • Monedas comunitarias estadounidenses  • Monedas comunitarias canadienses  • Casas de moneda  • Motivos en billetes  • Monedas más caras

Subcategorías

rompecabezas de categoría
rompecabezas de categoría
Seleccione [►] para ver las subcategorías

Monedas más negociadas

Recursos web

  • NumisWiki
  • Asociación Internacional de Numismáticos Profesionales
  • Asociación Numismática Americana
  • Sociedad Numismática Americana
  • Asociación Numismática Británica
  • Asociación Americana de Vecturistas
  • Asociación de monedas de desafío
  • Museo Numismático de Atenas, Grecia

  • La Casa de la Moneda de Perth Australia
  • Casa de la Moneda Central de China
  • Casa real de la moneda
  • La Casa de la Moneda francesa
  • Casa de la Moneda de Estados Unidos
  • Banco de Rusia
  • Casa de la Moneda Real Canadiense
  • Software numismático Exact Change

  • Banco central europeo
  • Banco Mundial
  • Reserva Federal de EE.UU.

Cosas que puedes hacer


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    Noticias de contenido libre
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    Colección de citas

  • Biblioteca de contenido gratuito de Wikisource
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    Herramientas de aprendizaje gratuitas

  • Diccionario y tesauro de Wikcionario

Fuentes

  1. ^ La suma total es 200% porque cada transacción de divisas se cuenta dos veces: una para la moneda que se compra y otra para la que se vende. Los porcentajes anteriores representan la proporción de todas las transacciones que involucran una moneda determinada, independientemente de en qué lado de la transacción se encuentre. Por ejemplo, el dólar estadounidense se compra o vende en el 88% de todas las transacciones de divisas, mientras que el euro se compra o vende en el 31% de todas las transacciones.
  1. ^ "Encuesta Trienal de Bancos Centrales Rotación de divisas en abril de 2022" (PDF) . Banco de acuerdos internacionales . 27 de octubre de 2022. p. 12. Archivado (PDF) desde el original el 27 de octubre de 2022 . Consultado el 29 de octubre de 2022 .
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