The National Museum of Myanmar (Yangon), (Burmese: အမျိုးသား ပြတိုက်), located in Dagon, Yangon, is the major one of the two national museums for Burmese art, history and culture in Myanmar. Founded in 1952, the five-storey museum has an extensive collection of ancient artifacts, ornaments, work of art, inscriptions and historic memorabilia, related to history, culture and civilization of Burmese people.[1] The main attraction of the museum is the only surviving original Lion Throne of the Burmese monarchs. There are more than 4000 permanent objects in the museum.
Public museums in Myanmar are administered by the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture[2] and can be classified as national museums, archaeological museums, regional cultural museums, and memorial museums.[3] Furthermore, other kinds of museum are appearing under other ministries, like the Defense Services Museum[4] in the capital Naypyidaw, or in the private sector.
The museum is open from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm, except on Mondays and public holidays.
History
The National Museum of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar was first opened in June, 1952 at the Jubilee Hall Building on Shwedagon Pagoda Road, Yangon. The museum was moved to a larger location at 24/26 Pansodan Street in 1970, and to its present location in 1996. The new five story National Museum has been open to the public since 18 September 1996.
Galleries
The museum's collections are displayed over the following 14 galleries or halls.[5]
Wooden statues of a king and queenWooden statue
Burmese culture
The Burmese Epigraphy and Calligraphy hall on the ground floor contains exhibits on the origins and development of Burmese script/alphabet throughout history, as well as exhibits on other ancient and ethnic scripts.
In the Hall of Culture exhibits on Burmese rural life are displayed, covering social, economic and cultural traditions and modes of transport. Examples include a traditional Burmese bullock cart, still in use in many parts of the country, an offering bowl for monks, gilded and wrought with mosaics of semi-precious stones, and personal ornaments and jewelry worn by Burmese people since ancient times.
The Hall of Arts covers the progress of Burmese art, beginning with the cave paintings of the Stone Age to the Bagan, Innwa, Taungoo, Konbaung and Yadanabon periods and up to contemporary art. Here, works of famous artists are on display and temporary exhibitions are held.[6]
In the Hall of Performing Arts, there are many musical instruments and an ornate saingwaing (traditional Burmese orchestra), as well as Burmese marionettes used in classical dramas and operas.
The Hall of Ethnic Culture on the fourth floor shows national dresses and traditional artifacts of various ethnic groups of Myanmar.
The fifth floor of the museum consists of halls for the Buddha Images, dating back to the Pyu Period and up to the present day.
Items used for food for monksBurmese marionettes (Yoke thé)
Historic periods
In the exhibition hall on Natural History, there are many fossils, dating back millions of years, including a 40-million-year-old anthropoidprimate, found in the Pondaung region in Upper Myanmar.
The hall of Pre-historic Times houses a replica of the Padah-Lin Caves, complete with its over 10,000-year-old Stone Age drawings, stone weapons of the Neolithic period, and bronze weapons of a later age. The hall also has exhibits on Pyu period (1st to 9th century), artifacts such as clay pots, urns, votive tablets and necklaces, as well as those found in archaeological excavations at the ancient Pyu city of Sri Ksetra.
In the hall of Burmese History are exhibits on the pagodas, temples, monasteries and ordination halls of the Bagan Period and the marvelous murals of the Pinya, Inwa, Taungoo, and Konbaung periods. Rare ancient votive tablets with moldings from scenes of the jataka stories are also on display.
The Royal Regalia hall houses displays of beautifully ornamented objects used in royal ceremonies of ancient kings from different periods.
The Throne Room houses miniature models of the eight kinds of thrones of ancient Burmese kings and the magnificent Royal Lion Throne of the last Burmese monarch King Thibaw in all its original majesty, used in Hluttaw Hall (or Hall of Council of Ministers).
The Yadanabon Period Exhibit hall has displays on clothing fashions, furniture and other household articles, such as a palanquin used by King Thibaw's Chief Abbot.
Organisational development and international cooperation
In 2015, the museums of Myanmar joined the International Council of Museums (ICOM) for wider international cooperation.[7] In order to meet international standards of skills training and development for staff in museums to protect, safeguard and share the country's unique cultural heritage, the National Museum has also cooperated with the British Council Burma[8] and the Collections Trust, a London-based charity. Among other activities, training courses were organized to gain the knowledge and skills necessary to increase the growth and sustainability of galleries and museums in Myanmar.[9][10]
^"Myanmar Travel Info - National Museum". Archived from the original on 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
^"Ministry of Culture". www.culture.gov.mm. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
^Zan, Nu Mra (2016). "Museums in Myanmar: Brief History and Actual Perspectives". In Sonoda, Naoko (ed.). New Horizons for Asian Museums and Museology. Springer Singapore. pp. 19–36. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0886-3_2. ISBN 9789811008863.
^"At Myanmar military's monument to itself, tributes to a dictator". Reuters. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
^"National Museum". Retrieved 2008-10-25.
^"Making up for lost time". The Myanmar Times. 2018-02-27. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
^"International Museum Forum". The Myanmar Times. 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
^"International Museum Academy: Myanmar | British Council". www.britishcouncil.org.mm. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
^"What is collections management?", Museum Collections Management, Facet, 2011, pp. 3–10, doi:10.29085/9781856048699.002, ISBN 9781856048699
^Zan, Nu Mra (2016). "Museums in Myanmar: Brief History and Actual Perspectives". In Sonoda, Naoko (ed.). New Horizons for Asian Museums and Museology. Springer Singapore. pp. 19–36. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0886-3_2. ISBN 9789811008863.
Literature
Lenzi, Iola (2004). Museums of Southeast Asia. Singapore: Archipelago Press. pp. 200 pages. ISBN 981-4068-96-9.
