This is an annotated list of all the nuclear fission-based nuclear research reactors in the world, sorted by country, with operational status. Some "research" reactors were built for the purpose of producing material for nuclear weapons.
Algeria
Antarctica
Argentina
Australia
Notes: The main uses of the current OPAL reactor are:
- Irradiation of target materials to produce radioisotopes for medical and industrial applications
- Research in the fields of materials science and structural biology using neutron beams and its sophisticated suite of experimental equipment
- Analysis of minerals and samples using the neutron activation technique and the delay neutron activation technique
- Irradiation of silicon ingots in order to dope them with phosphorus and produce the basic material used in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices
Austria
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgium
GUINEVERE – fast, accelerator driven, lead-cooled reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[3]
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
Estonia
Paldiski – 2 PWR naval training reactors (dismantled)
Finland
France
Working:
Germany
AKR II – Ausbildungskernreaktor II, Technische Universität Dresden; rating: 2 W, commissioned 2005
AVR – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor, Forschungszentrum Jülich; rating: 15 MW, commissioned 1969; closed 1988
BER II – Berliner-Experimentier-Reaktor II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; rating: 10 MW, commissioned 1990, closed 2019
FRG-1 (see GKSS Research Center) – Geesthacht; rating: 5 MW, commissioned 1958
FRM II – Technische Universität München; rating: 20 MW, commissioned 2004
FRMZ – TRIGA of the University of Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; continuous rating: 0.10 MW, pulse rating for 30ms: 250 MW; commissioned 1965
FR2 - Forschungsreaktor 2; rating: 44 MW; commissioned 1957; closed: 1981
SUR-FW "Neutron"; Hochschule Furtwangen University; type Siemens-Unterrichtsreaktor SUR-100; rating: 0.1 W; commissioned 1973
SUR-S; University of Stuttgart; type Siemens-Unterrichtsreaktor SUR-100; rating: 0.1 W; commissioned 1964
SUR-U; Ulm University of Applied Sciences; type Siemens-Unterrichtsreaktor SUR-100; rating: 0.1 W; commissioned 1965
Planned
- Wyhl, planned nuclear plant that was never built because of long-time resistance by the local population and environmentalists.
Georgia
Ghana
Greece
Hungary
India
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) – Trombay
Apsara reactor – Asia's first nuclear reactor. 1 MW, pool type, light water moderated, enriched uranium fuel supplied by France
CIRUS reactor – 40 MW, supplied by Canada, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
Dhruva reactor – 100 MW, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
Purnima series
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) – Kalpakkam
Indonesia
Iran
Tehran – AMF reactor at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (supplied by USA, 1967)- Isfahan, Nuclear Technology Center (mainly supplied by China,[21])
MNSR – 27 kW Miniature Neutron Source Reactor
Light Water Subcritical Reactor (LWSCR)
Heavy Water Zero Power Reactor (HWZPR)
Graphite Subcritical Reactor (GSCR)
- Arak – IR-40 Heavy water-moderated reactor (under construction, planned commissioning 2014)
Iraq
Note: Tamuz-1 and Tamuz-2 are parts of the same French nuclear research complex design, the OSIRIS research complex. All three reactors were located at the same site.[23][24]
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Libya
Malaysia
Mexico
Morocco
Netherlands
Nigeria
North Korea
Norway
Pakistan
Under IAEA safeguards
Not under IAEA safeguards
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Ewa reactor - 10 MW VVR-SM research reactor (dismantled in 1995)
Maria reactor - 30 MW research reactor
Anna reactor - 10 kW research reactor (dismantled)
Agata reactor - 10 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
Maryla reactor - 100 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
UR-100 reactor - 100 kW training reactor (dismantled)
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Romania
Institute for Nuclear Research, Mioveni, 110 km northwest of Bucharest - TRIGA reactor (capable consisting of either a 500 kW pulse ACPR core, or a 14 MW steady state core)- National Institute for Research and Isotopic Separation, Govora, 170 km west of Bucharest - no research reactors, but instead devoted to heavy water production
National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH, Mǎgurele, 5 km southwest of Bucharest - a 2 MW VVR-S research reactor (shut down in April 2002, with decommissioning/dismantling started in 2013)
Russia
A total of 98 nuclear research facilities, including:[50]
Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Slovenia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey
Fuel pilot plants
TRD Fuel Pilot Plant (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Army Nuclear Power Program
United States Naval reactors
Research reactors
Civilian (private and university) research and test reactors licensed to operate
Civilian (private and university) research and test reactors formerly licensed to operate
Research and test reactors Under decommission order(s) or license amendment(s) are authorized to decontaminate and dismantle their facility to prepare for final survey and license termination.
Research and test reactors with possession-only licenses are not authorized to operate the reactor, only to possess the nuclear material on-hand. They are permanently shut down.
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Vietnam
See also
Notes and references
- ^ Fox, C.H. (7 December 1961). "Packaged Nuclear Reactors". New Scientist: 611–615. ISSN 0262-4079. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ "Contenido/pdf/020513_rad_tn.pdf" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
- ^ SCK•CEN. "VENUS reactor: GUINEVERE project". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ SCK•CEN. "VENUS - zero-power critical facility". Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
- ^ SCK•CEN. "Belgian Reactor 1 - BR1". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ SCK•CEN. "Belgian Reactor 2 - BR2". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ SCK•CEN. "Belgian Reactor 3 - BR3". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ Publications, U.S.A. International Business; Ibp, Usa (1 September 2013). Global Research Nuclear Reactors Handbook. International Business Publications, USA. ISBN 978-0-7397-0048-8. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ Staes, Bert (6 August 2012). "Universiteit haalt afval kernreactor weg". Standaard.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 7 August 2012.
- ^ SCK•CEN. "Thetis van UGent is eerste gedeclasseerde reactor". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ a b Bellamy-Royds, Amelia (9 June 2009). "The Little Reactors that Couldn't | The Tyee". The Tyee. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ a b "NRX and NRU Reactor Research Facilities and Irradiation and Examination Charges" (PDF). Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. August 1960.
- ^ "nru reactor shutdown - Google Search". google.com. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Canada's Nuclear History". cns-snc.ca. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ Taylor, Dave (24 March 2011). "Manitoba's forgotten nuclear accident". Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ Shield, David (4 January 2019). "'It was very unique': Saskatoon's SLOWPOKE-2 research reactor shutting down after 37 years". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ BSS, IAEA - MTIT -. "Header Information - RRDB - IAEA". nucleus.iaea.org. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ "Research Reactors in Africa" (PDF). IAEA. 2011.
- ^ "Research Reactor Details - DEMOKRITOS (GRR-1)". IAEA. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ A. Savidou; C. Potiriadis (10 July 2009). National Report of Greece (PDF). R²D²P: Workshop on "Decommissioning Technologies" Karlsruhe Research Centre. IAEA. Germany. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ "ايران و اين 6 رآكتور هستهاي". www.baztab.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ a b c "UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL OFFICIAL RECORDS THIRTY-SIXTH YEAR 2288th MEETING: 19 JUNE 1981" (PDF). documents-dds-ny.un.org. p. 2.
- ^ Gruemm, H. "Safeguards and Tamuz: setting the record straight" (PDF). IAEA Bulletin. 23 (4): 11.
- ^ "OSIRIS:NUCLEAR REACTORS AND SERVICES DEPARTMENT" (PDF). COMMISSARIAT À L'ÉNERGIE ATOMIQUE (NUCLEAR ENERGY DIRECTORATE, DIVISION FOR NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES, SACLAY, France). 30 March 2018.
- ^ "Centro Ricerche Brasimone-CENNI STORICI". Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ a b c "JRC History 1957-1969". Retrieved 12 September 2012.
- ^ Reactor Ispra 1 (Part I). Joint Research Centre. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ a b "IN THE EURATOM RESEARCH REACTOR, Status report" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ a b c "The Euratom Joint Nuclear Research Centre: Ispra, Geel, Petten, Karlsruhe" (PDF). Archive of European Integration. 1967. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ "Euratom's ECO reactor goes critical at Ispra, Italy, European Community Press Release" (PDF). Archive of European Integration. 15 December 1966. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ "Nuclear Decommissioning and Waste Management Programme at the Joint Research Center" (PDF). Ispra: Joint Research Centre. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ "Eredità nucleare dell Italia - PDF Free Download". docplayer.it.
- ^ "CAMBIAMO PARADIGMA!: Scheda: Il reattorino del CESNEF nella Milano nucleare". rivoluzionescientifica.blogspot.com. 2010.
- ^ "Montecuccolino". masternucleare.ing.unibo.it. Archived from the original on 13 February 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ Research Reactor Details - LENA, TRIGA II PAVIA www-naweb.iaea.org
- ^ Sellerio, A.; Concetta, M. (September 1961). "The Agn 201 "Costanza" Reactor and the Philosophy of Automation". Ing. Nucleare. 4. OSTI 4792898.
- ^ Agostinelli, A.; Martini, S.; Migliorati, B.; Pizzi, L.; Servo, G.; Rapetti, E. (1979). "Partial dismantling of the Avogadro RS-1 reactor". Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities.
- ^ Ruiz Martinez, J. t.; Farella, G.; Cimini, E.; Russo, M. (2014). "Dismantling of the research reactor RTS-1 Galileo Galilei in Pisa (Italy)". 40 Annual Meeting of Spanish Nuclear Society, Oct 1-3, 2014, Valencia, Spain.
- ^ "Header Information - RRDB - IAEA, Id 231". nucleus.iaea.org.
- ^ "Informazioni generali e dati tecnici del reattore di ricerca TRIGA RC-1" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ "Header Information - RRDB - IAEA, Id 222". nucleus.iaea.org.
- ^ "Header Information - RRDB - IAEA, Id 221". nucleus.iaea.org.
- ^ "Informazioni generali e dati tecnici del reattore di ricerca TAPIRO" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ "Korea installs nuclear reactor in Jordan". 7 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ - El financiero en línea - "Factible construir centrales nucleares de electricidad en México" www.elfinanciero.com.mx (6/2/2006)
"A la fecha, México cuenta con cuatro instalaciones nucleares en operación. La central de electricidad nuclear Laguna Verde (CNLV) que opera la CFE y el reactor TRIGA MARK-III en instalaciones del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares.
Asimismo, tiene dos ensambles subcríticos en la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas y en el Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), que funcionan con fines de investigación."
- ^ a b "Research Reactors in Latin America and the Caribbean" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- ^ "Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group". www.nrg.eu.
- ^ David Albright and Paul Brannan (9 February 2011). "Pakistan Appears to be Building a Fourth Military Reactor at the Khushab Nuclear Site". Institute for Science and International Security. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ - Core Performance Improvement Using U3Si2-Al Fuel in the RP-10 Modernization www.rertr.anl.gov
- ^ The 2nd International Symposium on Nuclear Energy (ISNE-09) - Status of Research Reactors in Russia and Prospects for their Development isne.bau.edu.jo[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)". Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "RESEARCH REACTOR: A POWERHOUSE OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY IN KOREA" (PDF). 18 October 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- ^ "RESEARCH REACTOR: A POWERHOUSE OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY IN KOREA" (PDF). 18 October 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- ^ "IAEA Research Reactors - AGN 201 SUWON". Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- ^ "Basler Forschungsreaktor vor der Stilllegung" [Basel research reactor facing decommission]. University of Basel. 20 February 2017.
- ^ "THOR Milestone". National Tsing-Hua University. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
- ^ "ONR delicenses Imperial College London Consort Reactor site". Nuclear Engineering International. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ^ "F Reactor - Hanford Site". www.hanford.gov.
- ^ a b "D and DR Reactors - Hanford Site". www.hanford.gov.
- ^ "H Reactor - Hanford Site". www.hanford.gov.
- ^ "C Reactor - Hanford Site". www.hanford.gov.
- ^ a b "K-East and K-West Reactors - Hanford Site". www.hanford.gov.
- ^ "N Reactor - Hanford Site". www.hanford.gov.
- ^ a b c d e SRS History Highlights.
- ^ a b c d e Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium 1996, p. 38. SIPRI, 1997 (2.4 MB)
- ^ cold standby for tritium production
- ^ "AFSR (Argonne Fast Source Reactor)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "BORAX-I (Boiling Water Reactor Experiment No. 1)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "BORAX-II (Boiling Water Reactor Experiment No. 2)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "BORAX-III (Boiling Water Reactor Experiment No. 3)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "BORAX-IV (Boiling Water Reactor Experiment No. 4)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "BORAX-V (Boiling Water Reactor Experiment No. 5)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "CP-1 (Chicago Pile 1 Reactor)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "CP-2 (Chicago Pile 2 Reactor)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "CP-3 (Chicago Pile 3 Reactor)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "CP-5 (Chicago Pile 5 Reactor)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "EBR-I (Experimental Breeder Reactor-I)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "EBR-II (Experimental Breeder Reactor-II)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "EBWR (Experimental Boiling Water Reactor)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "The Integral Fast Reactor". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ^ Till, Charles (2011). Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor. CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1-4663-8460-6.
- ^ "JANUS". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "Juggernaut". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "The MTR—Gone now, but not forgotten -- ANS / Nuclear Newswire". www.ans.org.
- ^ "MTR (Material Test Reactor)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "STR (Submarine Thermal Reactor)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ "ZPR-7: Thorium-Uranium D2O Reactor (THUD)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "ZPPR (Zero Power Physics Reactor)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "ANL-175 - An Overview of the Argonne National Laboratory Fast Critical Experiments (1963-1990)" (PDF). (5.76 MB)
- ^ "ZPR-3 (Zero Power Reactor 3)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "ZPR-6 (Zero Power Reactor 6)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "ZPR-9 (Zero Power Reactor 9)". Reactors Designed by Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ "Sandia National Laboratories: Research: Facilities: Annular Core Research Reactor Facility". www.sandia.gov.
- ^ "BYU once housed underground nuclear reactor". The Daily Universe. 13 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ^ "Fork lift moves nuclear reactor on campus". Colostate.edu. hdl:10217/37352.
- ^ "Aerojet General Nucleonics Model No. 201 (AGN-201) Research Reactor". nti.org. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ Sutton, Carrie (15 September 1998). "Nuclear reactor falls silent". iowastatedaily.com. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
- ^ "Rensselaer letter re RPI RCF" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
- ^ "Facilities". www.rpi.edu. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ Georgia Institute of Technology (1995). SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT FOR THE 5 MW GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH REACTOR. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
- ^ Ap (16 February 1988). "Georgia Tech Closes Its Reactor, Citing Continued Safety Concerns". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
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- ^ Hertel, Nolan E. (2 November 2012). "History of the Georgia Tech Research Reactor" (PDF). Georgia Tech Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
- ^ "Uruguay reabre el debate luego de la tragedia en Japón" (in Spanish). LaRed21. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
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- ^ "IAEA mission visits Uzbek research reactor". World Nuclear News. 19 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
External links
- DoE list
- ICJT list—includes the defunct