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List of brightest natural objects in the sky

This is a list of the brightest natural objects in the sky. This list orders objects by apparent magnitude from Earth, not anywhere else. This list is with reference to naked eye viewing; all objects are listed by their visual magnitudes, and objects too close together to be distinguished are listed jointly. Objects are listed by their proper names or their most commonly used stellar designation. This list does not include transient objects such as comets, man-made objects, or supernovae.

List

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Maximum brightness derived from the average magnitude (−26.74[1]), taking into account the Earth's orbital eccentricity (0.0167[2]) as per the formula:
  2. ^ Average brightness derived from the magnitude of the average full moon (−12.74[3]), assuming a quarter Moon is one-sixth as bright as the average full moon,[4] as per the formula:
  3. ^ Maximum brightness derived from the magnitude of the average full moon (−12.74[3]), taking into account the Earth's orbital eccentricity (0.0167[2]) and the Moon's orbital eccentricity (0.0554[5]) as per the formula:
  4. ^ Combined magnitude derived from adding the magnitudes of Gamma2 Velorum (1.83[13]) and Gamma1 Velorum (4.173 ± 0.009[14]) as per the formula:
  5. ^ Combined magnitude from adding the magnitudes of Gamma2 Velorum (1.81 maximum[15]) and Gamma1 Velorum (4.173 ± 0.009[14]) as per the formula:
  6. ^ Combined magnitude derived from adding the magnitudes of Mizar A (2.220 ±0.003[19]) and Mizar B (3.88[20]) as per the formula:
  7. ^ Combined magnitude derived from adding the magnitudes of Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum (2.88[32]) and Alpha1 Canum Venaticorum (5.60[33]) as per the formula:
  8. ^ Combined magnitude derived from adding the magnitudes of Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum (2.84 maximum[34]) and Alpha1 Canum Venaticorum (5.60[33]) as per the formula:
  9. ^ Combined magnitude derived from adding the magnitudes of Beta1 Capricorni (3.08[37]) and Beta2 Capricorni (6.10[38]) as per the formula:

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b "Sun Fact Sheet". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-05.
  2. ^ a b Simon, J.L.; et al. (1994). "Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 282 (2): 675. Bibcode:1994A&A...282..663S. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  3. ^ a b "Moon Fact Sheet". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-05.
  4. ^ "How Bright is the Moon . . . Exactly?". Sky & Telescope. 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  5. ^ "Planetary Satellite Mean Elements". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Mallama, Anthony; Hilton, James L. (2018-06-21). "Computing apparent planetary magnitudes for The Astronomical Almanac". Astronomy and Computing. 25: 10–24. arXiv:1808.01973. Bibcode:2018A&C....25...10M. doi:10.1016/j.ascom.2018.08.002. S2CID 69912809.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "The Brightest Stars". www.atlasoftheuniverse.com. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
  8. ^ "VSX : Detail for NSV 1897". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  9. ^ Guinan, Edward F.; Eaton, J. A.; Wasatonic, R.; Stewart, H.; Engle, S. G.; McCook, G. P. (November 2010). "Times-Series Photometry & Spectroscopy of the Bright Blue Supergiant Rigel: Probing the Atmosphere and Interior of a SN II Progenitor". HiA. 15: 359. Bibcode:2010HiA....15..359G. doi:10.1017/S1743921310009798.
  10. ^ "By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
  11. ^ "VSX : Detail for alf Vir". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  12. ^ van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. ISSN 0004-6361.
  13. ^ "*Gam02Vel". simbad.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  14. ^ a b "*Gam01Vel". simbad.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  15. ^ "GCVS Query forms". www.sai.msu.su. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  16. ^ "By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
  17. ^ "VSX : Detail for del Vel". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-31.
  18. ^ "VSX : Detail for NSV 4823". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
  19. ^ "* Zet01UMa". simbad.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  20. ^ "* Zet02UMa". simbad.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  21. ^ "VSX : Detail for bet And". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  22. ^ "VSX : Detail for kap Ori". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  23. ^ "VSX : Detail for zet Pup". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  24. ^ "VSX : Detail for NSV 4444". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  25. ^ "VSX : Detail for bet Cas". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
  26. ^ "VSX : Detail for bet Lib". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-08-31.
  27. ^ "VSX: Detalle de NSV 5729". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 31 de agosto de 2022 .
  28. ^ "Por nombre | Base de datos extragaláctica de NASA/IPAC". Base de datos extragaláctica de NASA/IPAC . Consultado el 30 de diciembre de 2018 .
  29. ^ "VSX: Detalle de NSV 23613". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 31 de agosto de 2022 .
  30. ^ "VSX: Detalle de iot Ori". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 31 de agosto de 2022 .
  31. ^ "VSX: Detalle de NSV 1841". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 31 de agosto de 2022 .
  32. ^ "*Alf02CVn". simbad.cds.unistra.fr . Consultado el 31 de agosto de 2022 .
  33. ^ ab "*Alf01CVn". simbad.cds.unistra.fr . Consultado el 31 de agosto de 2022 .
  34. ^ "Formularios de consulta GCVS". www.sai.msu.su. ​Consultado el 31 de agosto de 2022 .
  35. ^ "VSX: Detalle del juego por". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 1 de septiembre de 2022 .
  36. ^ "VSX: Detalle de NSV 4613". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 1 de septiembre de 2022 .
  37. ^ "*Bet01Cap". simbad.cds.unistra.fr . Consultado el 1 de septiembre de 2022 .
  38. ^ "*Bet02Cap". simbad.cds.unistra.fr . Consultado el 1 de septiembre de 2022 .
  39. ^ "VSX: Detalle de NSV 4456". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 1 de septiembre de 2022 .
  40. ^ "VSX: Detalle de nu. Pup". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 3 de septiembre de 2022 .
  41. ^ "VSX: Detalle de NSV 14656". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 3 de septiembre de 2022 .
  42. ^ "VSX: Detalle de la apuesta Cep". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 2 de septiembre de 2022 .
  43. ^ "VSX: Detalle de sig Pup". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 7 de septiembre de 2022 .
  44. ^ "VSX: Detalle de NSV 15811". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 6 de septiembre de 2022 .
  45. ^ "VSX: Detalle de eps Lup". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 7 de septiembre de 2022 .
  46. ^ "VSX: Detalle de del Vir". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 6 de septiembre de 2022 .
  47. ^ "VSX: Detalle de alf Tri". www.aavso.org . Consultado el 7 de septiembre de 2022 .
  48. ^ "VSX : Detail for V0357 Car". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  49. ^ "VSX : Detail for sig CMa". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  50. ^ "VSX : Detail for bet Boo". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  51. ^ "VSX : Detail for NSV 6620". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  52. ^ "VSX : Detail for iot Cet". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  53. ^ Ford, Dominic. "β-Dor (Star)". In-The-Sky.org. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
  54. ^ "Dorado". Oxford Reference.
  55. ^ "GCVS Query forms". www.sai.msu.su. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
  56. ^ Wielen, R.; Schwan, H.; Dettbarn, C.; Lenhardt, H.; Jahreiß, H.; Jährling, R. (1999-01-01). "Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions". Veroeffentlichungen des Astronomischen Rechen-Instituts Heidelberg. 35: 1. Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W.
  57. ^ a b Samus, N. N.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Durlevich, O. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N. (2009-01-01). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+, 2007-2017)". VizieR Online Data Catalog: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.

Sources