stringtranslate.com

List of private spaceflight companies

Private spaceflight companies include non-governmental or privately-owned entities focused on developing and/or offering equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. This list includes both inactive and active entities.

Commercial astronauts

Manufacturers of space vehicles

Cargo transport vehicles

Crew transport vehicles

Orbital

* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. ^ Number of seats will be 4 for crew member rotations for the ISS
  2. ^ Although designed to be capable of flying to anywhere in the solar system, this vehicle's intended maximum range is Mars
  3. ^ Plus fins/legs

Suborbital

* - Format: Crewed (Uncrewed), includes failures
  1. ^ Does not include crewed atmospheric flights
  2. ^ Does not include powered flights not intended to reach space
  3. ^ Denmark's amateur human space program.

Launch vehicle manufacturers

Landers, rovers and orbiters

Research craft and tech demonstrators

Propulsion manufacturers

Satellite launchers

Space-based economy

Space manufacturing

Space mining

Space stations

Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers

Spaceliner companies

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Association of Spaceflight Professionals - H+Pedia". hpluspedia.org. Retrieved 2018-07-31.
  2. ^ Kisfaludy, Eddie (2012-06-17), Welcome to the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps, Christopher Altman, Kristine Ferrone, Jose Hurtado, IMDb: Internet Movie Database, retrieved 2018-07-31
  3. ^ Seedhouse, Erik. Astronauts for Hire: The Emergence of the World's First Commercial Astronaut Corps. Springer-Verlag: New York (2012).
  4. ^ "SpaceX Brochure v7" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  5. ^ a b c SpaceX (1 March 2019). "Dragon". SpaceX. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  6. ^ Bergin, Chris (19 October 2012). "Dragon enjoying ISS stay, despite minor issues – Falcon 9 investigation begins". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 21 October 2012. CRS-2 will debut the use of Dragon's Trunk section, capable of delivering unpressurized cargo, prior to the payload being removed by the ISS' robotic assets after berthing.
  7. ^ "Fact sheet" (PDF). www.spacex.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-04. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  8. ^ "Falcon 9 launches Dragon on CRS-1 mission to the ISS – NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. 7 October 2012.
  9. ^ "Dragonlab Datasheet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  10. ^ a b c "Cygnus Fast Sheet" (PDF). Orbital Sciences Co. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  11. ^ "The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  12. ^ a b c "Cygnus Spacecraft Information". Spaceflight101.
  13. ^ Elizabeth Howell (April 18, 2023). "Dream Chaser: Sierra Space's design for spaceflight". Space.com.
  14. ^ Meredith Garofalo (February 2, 2024). "Sierra Space unveils Dream Chaser space plane ahead of 1st flight to ISS (video)". Space.com.
  15. ^ a b Brian Wang (January 22, 2024). "Sierra Space Spaceplane and Space Stations". Next Big Future.
  16. ^ "Commercial Human Spaceflight Plan Unveiled". Aviation Week. July 20, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
  17. ^ a b Burghardt, Mike (August 2011). "Boeing CST-100: Commercial Crew Transportation System" (PDF). Boeing. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-01. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  18. ^ Chang, Kenneth (2011-02-01). "Businesses Take Flight, With Help From NASA". New York Times. p. D1. Archived from the original on 2014-08-09. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  19. ^ Wade, Mark (2014). "Dream Chaser". Encyclopedia Astronautix. Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  20. ^ Sirangelo, Mark (August 2011). "NewSpace 2011: A Commercial Spaceflight Story". Spacevidcast. Retrieved 2011-08-16.Sirangelo, Mark (24 August 2014). "Flight Plans and Crews for Commercial Dream Chaser's First Flights: One-on-One Interview With SNC VP Mark Sirangelo (Part 3)". AmericaSpace.
  21. ^ Foust, Jeff (2022-06-14). "Sierra Space to start astronaut training program". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  22. ^ "Falcon 9". SpaceX. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  23. ^ "SpaceX Brochure – 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  24. ^ a b c d "Making Life Multiplanetary" (PDF). SpaceX. 2017-10-18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-19. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
  25. ^ "SpacePlane Project|Business|PD Aerospace Co., Ltd". www.pdas.co.jp.
  26. ^ "Spaceplane Project|PD Aerospace Co., Ltd". www.pdas.co.jp.
  27. ^ "ABL Payload User's Guide" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  28. ^ Haas2b specifications Archived 2017-04-05 at the Wayback Machine ARCA
  29. ^ Haas2c specifications Archived 2013-07-17 at the Wayback Machine ARCA
  30. ^ Super haas Specifications Archived 2014-10-09 at the Wayback Machine ARCA
  31. ^ a b Popescu, Dimitru (2022-07-18). "Arca Space : AMi Exploration White Paper" (PDF). AMi Exploration.
  32. ^ "AUSROC Nano | Australian Space Research Institute". www.asri.org.au. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
  33. ^ "Sky7 spots stealthy space startup Testing its rocket in Alameda". 16 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  34. ^ "Astra Space preparing for suborbital test launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  35. ^ "Super Cali upstart's new rocket test approaches, even though the size of it won't launch a Tesla motor". The Register. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  36. ^ December 2018, Jeff Foust 07 (7 December 2018). "Secretive Astra Space Suborbital Launch Fails". Space.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ "A Closer Look at Astra Space". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  38. ^ "Astra to fly upgraded rocket on next launch". SpaceNews. 2021-08-13. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  39. ^ "Astra CEO Chris Kemp previews Rocket 4.0, daily launches, and a smarter planet - Page 2 of 2". NASASpaceFlight.com. 2021-06-12. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  40. ^ a b "Astra announces second quarter 2022 financial results". Astra. 2022-08-04.
  41. ^ "SALVO Cubesat Rocket Debuts Stealth Launch Vehicle Era". AmericaSpace. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  42. ^ "Ventions, LLC to launch liquid-fueled rocket from Wallops this week". NewSpace Watch. 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  43. ^ Pike, John. "Airborne Launch Assist Space Access (ALASA)". www.globalsecurity.org.
  44. ^ "Blue Origin Announces Big 'New Glenn' Rocket for Satellite & Crew Launches". Space.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  45. ^ Henry, Caleb (12 September 2017). "Blue Origin enlarges New Glenn's payload fairing, preparing to debut upgraded New Shepard". SpaceNews. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  46. ^ "New Glenn's progress towards maiden flight". Blue Origin. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  47. ^ "Borneo SubOrbitals". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  48. ^ Assiqin, Naziatul (2019-05-29). "Parties sign MoU on educational hybrid rocket". StartUp Borneo. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  49. ^ "Sarawak dijangka saksi pelancaran roket hibrid dalam masa tiga tahun - Utusan Borneo (The Borneo Post) through PressReader.com". Retrieved 2020-10-15 – via PressReader.
  50. ^ "Canadian Arrow". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016.
  51. ^ "Rapidly Deployable VLEO Cubesat Network for Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)". Retrieved 2022-11-01.
  52. ^ "CubeCab To Launch Satellites Via Starfighter". 23 February 2017.
  53. ^ "Edison Effect | Aerospace". edisoneffect.tech. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  54. ^ Vázquez, Nelly Acosta (17 May 2017). "Datiotec, los mexicanos que van en busca del espacio perdido". Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018 – via Huff Post.
  55. ^ Werner, Debra (5 April 2023). "Dawn flies rocket-powered spaceplane". SpaceNews. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
  56. ^ Messier, Doug (2023-04-25). "Evolution Space Launches Rocket on Suborbital Flight From Mojave Desert". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  57. ^ Foust, Jeff (2023-05-23). "The Spaceport Company demonstrates offshore launch operations". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  58. ^ Foust, Jeff (23 March 2018). "Exos Aerospace prepares for first suborbital launch". Space New.
  59. ^ "Stig-B / SARGE". space.skyrocket.de.
  60. ^ "Exela Space Industries". Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  61. ^ "Space Access". Equatorial Space. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  62. ^ "Suborbital". Equatorial Space. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  63. ^ "Suborbital". Equatorial Space. 22 December 2020. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  64. ^ Clark, Stephen. "Firefly says early engine shutdown led to launch failure – Spaceflight Now". Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  65. ^ a b "MLV". Firefly Aerospace. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  66. ^ Jones, Andrew (2020-11-07). "Chinese rocket firm Galactic Energy succeeds with first orbital launch, secures funding". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-07-18.
  67. ^ General Astronautics Urania 2001-02-01
  68. ^ "Firefly Space Systems Adds General Astronautics as Strategic Partner – Parabolic Arc". www.parabolicarc.com.
  69. ^ a b "Gilmour Space Tech - Small Launch Vehicles - Australia, Singapore". Rocket company in Australia - Singapore - Gilmour Space Technologies.
  70. ^ Tyler, Roxy (29 June 2018). "First-of-its-kind hypersonic flight booster tested at Cecil..." www.news4jax.com.
  71. ^ "X-60A". Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  72. ^ "Launch Services". Independence-X Aerospace.
  73. ^ "About Us". Independence-X Aerospace.
  74. ^ a b c Interorbital Systems Neptune Archived 2009-01-08 at the Wayback Machine Interorbital Systems
  75. ^ a b "Neptune". space.skyrocket.de.
  76. ^ "Japanese company preparing for country's first private rocket launch". 26 July 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  77. ^ Krishna, Swapna (31 July 2017). "Japan's first private rocket launch is a partial success". engadget.com.
  78. ^ a b Messier, Doug (2022-08-09). "German Launch Providers Isar Aerospace and RFA Eye Maiden Launches in 2023". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  79. ^ Foust, Jeff (21 February 2023). "Vast Acquires Launcher to Support Space Station Development". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  80. ^ "Leaf Space Primo". Archived from the original on 2018-02-07. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  81. ^ "Leaf Space Building 20 Ground Station Network for SmallSat Market - Via Satellite -". 16 December 2015.
  82. ^ "Pioneers of Private Astronautics in Russia: Lin Industrial — The Dialogue". The Dialogue. 2016-04-05. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
  83. ^ "Лин Индастриал - Сверхлегкая ракета "Таймыр"". spacelin.ru.
  84. ^ "X-33/VentureStar – What really happened - NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. 4 January 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  85. ^ a b c "Mishaal Aerospace". www.mishaalaerospace.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  86. ^ a b c "MISHAAL Aerospace Receives Letter of Intent for Launch – Parabolic Arc". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  87. ^ "Mishaal Aerospace M-SV Suborbital Vehicle". Mishaal Aerospace. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  88. ^ "Mishaal Aerospace". www.mishaalaerospace.com.
  89. ^ "Mishaal Aerospace". www.mishaalaerospace.com.
  90. ^ China's private space sector has achieved liftoff. Michelle Toh and Serenitie Wang, CNN News. 17 May 2018.
  91. ^ "OS-M系列". Archived from the original on 2018-05-14. Retrieved 2018-05-19.
  92. ^ "OS-M2 - OneSpace 零壹空间". www.onespacechina.com.
  93. ^ "OS-M4 - OneSpace 零壹空间". www.onespacechina.com.
  94. ^ "Orbex stakes claim to European smallsat launch market". SpaceNews. July 18, 2018.
  95. ^ "Outerstellar Space". Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  96. ^ "Orbital ATK". www.orbital.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  97. ^ "Taurus". archive.org. 22 Nov 2013. Archived from the original on November 22, 2013. Retrieved 23 Sep 2014.
  98. ^ Clark, Stephen (24 February 2014). "Taurus rocket on the market with new name, upgrades". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 22 Sep 2014.
  99. ^ "Minotaur C". orbital.com. Retrieved 23 Sep 2014.
  100. ^ "Northrop Grumman to terminate OmegA rocket program". SpaceNews. 2020-09-09. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  101. ^ "OTRAG". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  102. ^ "South Korean rocket startup to launch from South Australia". September 30, 2019.
  103. ^ "Backed by Samsung, South Korean startup Perigee aims for 2020 maiden launch". October 23, 2019.
  104. ^ Giménez, Jorge (March 16, 2015). "PLD Space fabricará los primeros motores de combustible líquido de España". Defensa Global y Avances en el Desarrollo Argentino (in Spanish).
  105. ^ "PLD Space". www.pldspace.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  106. ^ "PLD Space raises additional $10 million for reusable smallsat launchers - SpaceNews.com". 11 June 2018.
  107. ^ a b "Spanish startup PLD Space gears up for 2022 suborbital launch". SpaceNews. 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  108. ^ Limón, Raúl (2023-10-06). "El 'Miura 1' despega con éxito desde Huelva y mete a España en el exclusivo club de países con acceso al espacio". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
  109. ^ Eric Berger (March 21, 2018). "Relativity Space reveals its ambitions with big NASA deal". Ars Technica. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  110. ^ Chelsea Gohd (2022-01-13). "Meet Relativity Space: the little 3D printing rocket company that could". Space.com. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  111. ^ "Relativity Space". Relativity Space. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  112. ^ "Intrepid-1 – Rocket Crafters Inc". rocketcrafters.space. Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  113. ^ "3D Printing Industry-The Authority on 3D Printing & Additive Manufacturing". 3D Printing Industry.
  114. ^ "NZ's first space launch saved by $6 replacement part". The New Zealand Herald. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  115. ^ "Ātea-1, Rocket Lab : New Zealand Rocket". Archived from the original on 2009-10-11. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
  116. ^ "Ātea-2, Rocket Lab : New Zealand Rocket". Archived from the original on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2018-07-27.
  117. ^ "Electron • Rocket Lab". www.rocketlabusa.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  118. ^ "Neutron". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  119. ^ Grush, Loren (2021-12-02). "Rocket Lab unveils details of new reusable Neutron launcher". The Verge. Retrieved 2022-01-21.
  120. ^ Wenz, John (November 19, 2015). "RocketStar Wants To Make Going To Space a One-Step Process". Popular Mechanics.
  121. ^ "Rocket Factory Augsburg secures launch site in Andøya, Norway". 28 April 2021.
  122. ^ "German Microlauncher start-up Rocket Factory announces unrivalled low price of EUR 3 million per rocket launch". 12 February 2021.
  123. ^ www.ndtv.com. ""New Dawn": Launch Of India's First Private Rocket, Vikram-S, Successful". NDTV. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  124. ^ "Space technologies - Skyrora - SKYRORA 1". Space technologies - Skyrora. Archived from the original on 2018-07-11. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  125. ^ Speed, Richard (22 August 2019). "Brit rocketeer Skyrora reckons it'll be orbital in 3 years – that is, if UK government plays ball". The Register. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  126. ^ "UK-Ukrainian launch vehicle developer Skyrora to establish smallsat launch site - SpaceNews.com". 1 February 2018.
  127. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan. "Skyrora Rocket Launch From Iceland Reaches Three Times The Height Of Mount Everest". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  128. ^ "Skylark L Rocket | Skyrora". www.skyrora.com. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  129. ^ "British rocket firm Skyrora gets ready for debut rocket launch from Scotland in 2023-Xinhua". english.news.cn. 2022-08-29. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  130. ^ "Space technologies - Skyrora - Skyrora XL". Space technologies - Skyrora. Archived from the original on 2018-07-11. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
  131. ^ "Skyrora announces new engine test plant in Scotland". Industry Analysis. 18 October 2019. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  132. ^ "UK-Ukrainian satellite launch vehicle developer Skyrora to test its first rocket in 2018 -". 8 February 2018.
  133. ^ Berger, Eric (2022-08-19). "Rocket Report: Europe wants a super-heavy lifter, Starship nets launch contract". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  134. ^ a b Gdynia 81-451, Al Zwyciestwa 96/98. "SIR – Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket Project". SpaceForest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  135. ^ Gdynia 81-451, Al Zwyciestwa 96/98. "Testing experiments on research rockets". SpaceForest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  136. ^ "SpaceForest - Rocket engine, diagram, design, tests".
  137. ^ Gdynia 81-451, Al Zwyciestwa 96/98. "Demonstrator rocket". SpaceForest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  138. ^ "Perun demonstrator". YouTube. 28 January 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-12-14. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
  139. ^ "Perun". SpaceForest. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
  140. ^ "SpaceForest receives financing for the SIR rocket". Kosmonauta.net. 2018-01-07. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  141. ^ a b c "TSE - Conestoga". www.tbs-satellite.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  142. ^ "SpaceLS – Space Launch Services – Low cost space launch services". www.spacels.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  143. ^ "SpaceLS develops commercial rocket to launch small satellites - The Engineer The Engineer". www.theengineer.co.uk. September 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  144. ^ a b Jones, Andrew (27 July 2021). "Chinese rocket company Space Pioneer secures major funding ahead of first launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  145. ^ a b "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon 1". Archived from the original on January 3, 2011.
  146. ^ "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Press". Archived from the original on March 26, 2013.
  147. ^ a b c d spacexcmsadmin (15 November 2012). "Falcon 9". Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  148. ^ a b "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation - Falcon 9". Archived from the original on 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2016-08-30.
  149. ^ "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon 9". Archived from the original on January 18, 2012.
  150. ^ Musk, Elon (21 January 2017). "Yes. Block 5 is the final upgrade of the Falcon architecture. Significantly improves performance & ease of reusability. Flies end of year". Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  151. ^ a b c spacexcmsadmin (15 November 2012). "Falcon Heavy". Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  152. ^ "Falcon Heavy enabler for Dragon solar system explorer - NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. 2015-05-11. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  153. ^ Berger, Eric (10 October 2022). "Stoke Space aims to build rapidly reusable rocket with a completely novel design". Ars Technica. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  154. ^ Kurasheva, A. (2021-12-24). "Российская космическая компания Success Rockets совершила первый суборбитальный запуск" [Russian Company Success Rockets Makes First Successful Suborbital Launch]. Inc. (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-01-10.
  155. ^ "Кто зарабатывает на космосе в России и мире" [Making Money in Space: Russian and International Players] (in Russian). RBC Trends. 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
  156. ^ "Space Launch Report: Atlas 5 Data Sheet". Space Launch Report. 1 Mar 2022. Archived from the original on 6 Apr 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  157. ^ a b c "Space Launch Report: Delta II Data Sheet". Space Launch Report. 20 Oct 2018. Archived from the original on 6 Apr 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  158. ^ "Space Launch Report: Delta IV Data Sheet". Space Launch Report. 26 Apr 2021. Archived from the original on 6 Apr 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  159. ^ "Delta IV Heavy – Rockets". spaceflight101.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  160. ^ Belam, Martin (2024-01-08). "Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  161. ^ Ray, Justin. "ULA unveils its future with the Vulcan rocket family – Spaceflight Now". Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  162. ^ "Virgin Orbit plans 2018 first launch". 2 August 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  163. ^ Writer, Kevin Robinson-Avila / Journal Staff (2022-07-26). "New rocket motor company conducts first NM launch". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  164. ^ Biesecker, Cal (2022-08-11). "New Solid Rocket Motor Entrant, X-Bow, Expects To Be On First Programs Within A Year". Defense Daily. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  165. ^ Reyes, Tim (October 17, 2014). "Balloon launcher Zero2Infinity Sets Its Sights to the Stars". Universe Today. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  166. ^ "Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  167. ^ Astrobotic reveals moon mission plans msnbc.msn.com
  168. ^ a b c "About Lunar CATALYST". www.nasa.gov. NASA. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  169. ^ Belam, Martin (2024-01-08). "Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  170. ^ "Peregrine Lander | Astrobotic". www.astrobotic.com. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
  171. ^ "Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  172. ^ Lindsey, Clark (2013-01-03). "Golden Spike contracts Northrop Grumman for lunar lander design". NewSpace Watch. Retrieved 2013-01-04.
  173. ^ "Hakuto - Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  174. ^ "Hakuto - 日本発の月面探査チーム on Twitter".
  175. ^ "History". ispace technologies, inc. July 20, 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-20.
  176. ^ "Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  177. ^ "Lunar Missions_1". www.interorbital.com. Archived from the original on 2016-07-06. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
  178. ^ Universal Reentry Vehicle Archived 2018-12-01 at the Wayback Machine. Intuitive Machines. Accessed on 1 December 2018.
  179. ^ Houston company among 9 tapped to build moon landers. Alex Stuckey, The Houston Chronicle. 30 November 2018.
  180. ^ "Lunar Mission One: A New Lunar Mission for Everyone". British Interplanetary Society. 19 November 2014. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  181. ^ "Lunar Outpost MAPP Rover". To the Moon to Stay. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
  182. ^ "XL-1". Masten Space Systems. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
  183. ^ Herridge, Linda (3 March 2015). "Moon Express Testing Compact Lunar Lander at Kennedy Space Center". Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  184. ^ "Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  185. ^ "Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  186. ^ OrbitBeyond Teams with Team Indus, Honeybee Robotics for NASA Lunar Program. Doug Messier, Parabolic Arc. 29 November 2018.
  187. ^ OrbitBeyond, Inc. Press Release Archived 2018-11-14 at the Wayback Machine. 12 November 2018.
  188. ^ "Lunar Rover". PTS. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  189. ^ "ALINA". PTS. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  190. ^ "Team Puli - Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  191. ^ "Russia's first lunar mission in decades crashes into the moon". cnn.com. August 21, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  192. ^ "Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  193. ^ "Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  194. ^ [1] BBC News: Moon opens for business
  195. ^ "Spacebit — The New Economics of Space". spacebit.com. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  196. ^ "Spacebit books a second trip to the moon via NASA's commercial lunar payload program". 6 October 2020.
  197. ^ "Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  198. ^ "Google Lunar XPrize". Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  199. ^ Chinese space firm launches and lands small test rocket, SpaceNews, 2 August 2021.
  200. ^ Messier, Doug (2023-04-25). "Evolution Space Launches Rocket on Suborbital Flight From Mojave Desert". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  201. ^ Advantages of using White Fuming Nitric Acid (WFNA) as an oXidizer in rockets [lunarlander.spaceracenews.com]
  202. ^ Jones, Andrew (23 April 2020). "Chinese space resource utilization firm Origin Space signs deal for space telescope". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  203. ^ Klotz, Irene (2011-09-27). "A rocket that lifts off — and lands — on launch pad". MSNBC. Retrieved 2011-11-23.
  204. ^ Rhian, Jason (2014-08-22). "SpaceX F9R explodes in the skies above Texas in recent test flight". www.spaceflightinsider.com. Retrieved 2014-10-21.
  205. ^ Private rocket launches ashes of Star Trek's Scotty, astronaut to suborbital space [www.space.com]
  206. ^ "World View- Research and Education Mission". Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  207. ^ Mike Wall (2019-10-01). "World View's 'Stratollite' Balloon Stays Aloft for Record 32 Days". Space.com. Retrieved 2022-07-11.
  208. ^ López-Urdiales, José Mariano (March 12, 2014). NEAr-Space high-altitude balloons: the alternative for space tourism and science (PDF) (Report). European Space Astronomy Centre, Madrid (Spain). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  209. ^ "TILE". Accion Systems — A New Ion Engine. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  210. ^ "Smallsats need small propulsion. Boston startup Accion has a few big ideas. - SpaceNews.com". 8 August 2017.
  211. ^ Fast and Robust Human Missions to Mars with Advanced Nuclear Electric Power and VASIMR® Propulsion Archived 2014-04-09 at the Wayback Machine 2013
  212. ^ Chadenedes, Mark de; Ahern, Drew; Cho, Jin-Hoon; Park, Sung-Jin; Eden, J.; Burton, Rodney; Yoon, Je Kwon; Garrett, Stephen; Sitaraman, Hariswaran; Raja, Laxminarayan; Laystrom-Woodard, Julia; Carroll, David; Benavides, Gabriel. 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. doi:10.2514/6.2010-6616.
  213. ^ a b "CU Aerospace - Small-Satellite Propulsion Unit for CubeSats (PUC)". www.cuaerospace.com. Archived from the original on 2018-02-26. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  214. ^ "NASA Selects Green Propulsion Projects for SBIR Phase II Awards – Parabolic Arc". www.parabolicarc.com. 11 March 2014.
  215. ^ Laystrom, Julia; Burton, Rodney; Benavides, Gabriel (2003). "Geometric Optimization of a Coaxial Pulsed Plasma Thruster". 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. doi:10.2514/6.2003-5025. ISBN 978-1-62410-098-7.
  216. ^ "NASA TechPort". techport.nasa.gov.
  217. ^ "ExoTerra banks $1.5 million for solar electric propulsion". SpaceNews. October 30, 2018.
  218. ^ "The SABRE Engine". Archived from the original on 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
  219. ^ "Neutron". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  220. ^ "Rocket Engines and Propulsion". sierraspace.com. Sierra Space. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  221. ^ Jefferson Morris - Aerospace Daily (2003-09-23). "SpaceDev chosen to provide hybrid rocket for SpaceShipOne | AWIN content from". Aviation Week. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  222. ^ Clark, Stephen (2008-09-28). "Sweet success at last for Falcon 1 rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  223. ^ a b Whitesides, Loretta Hidalgo (2007-11-12). "SpaceX Completes Development of Rocket Engine for Falcon 1 and 9". Wired. Wired Science. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  224. ^ Foust, Jeff (2017-10-21). "Air Force adds more than $40 million to SpaceX engine contract". Space News. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  225. ^ "THE ENGINES". Ursa Major Tech.
  226. ^ "Rocket engine startup sees opportunities in crowded launch market". 3 May 2021.
  227. ^ "三菱重工|株式基本情報". mhi.co.jp. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  228. ^ "US Space Force Offers Cape Canaveral Launch Pads to ABL, Stoke, Phantom, and Vaya Space". satellitetoday.com. 8 March 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  229. ^ a b "Program". Shackleton Energy Company.
  230. ^ "Made In Space". Made In Space.
  231. ^ "Varda Space Industries". Varda Space.
  232. ^ "Asteroid Mining | Deep Space Industries". Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  233. ^ a b "Cosmic Shielding Corporation". cosmicshielding.com. Retrieved 2021-03-17.
  234. ^ "SpaceFund Invests In Cosmic Shielding Corporation – SatNews". news.satnews.com.
  235. ^ "An update on our progress towards mining in space". AstroForge. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  236. ^ "Xplorer - Deep Space Industries". Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  237. ^ "Missions | Deep Space Industries". Archived from the original on 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  238. ^ The Japanese Space Bots That Could Build Moon Valley. Sarah Scoles, Wired. 14 May 2018.
  239. ^ ispace Home site. Accessed: 11 September 2018.
  240. ^ "Scalable Robotic Spacecraft Capable Of Reaching The Moon". Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  241. ^ "Technology". Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  242. ^ "Axiom Space | Axiom Station".
  243. ^ "Former NASA ISS manager planning commercial space station venture - SpaceNews.com". SpaceNews.com. 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
  244. ^ Kolodny, Lora (14 November 2017). "29 start-ups that prove Silicon Valley innovation isn't dead". CNBC.
  245. ^ a b Malik, Tariq; Leonard David (2007-06-28). "Bigelow's Second Orbital Module Launches Into Space". Space.com. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  246. ^ a b "We hoped to receive 6 months..." Twitter.com. Bigelow Aerospace. 9 January 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  247. ^ Peat, Chris (22 October 2019). "Genesis 2 - Orbit". Heavens Above. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  248. ^ "Genesis II Calls Home and Sends Back Pictures". The Planetary Society. 2 July 2007. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  249. ^ Malik, Tariq; David, Leonard (28 June 2007). "Bigelow's Second Orbital Module Launches Into Space". Space.com. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  250. ^ "Developing a Galaxy". www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 2007-12-18.
  251. ^ Malik, Tariq; Leonard David (2007-06-28). "Bigelow's Second Orbital Module Launches Into Space". Space.com. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  252. ^ Knapp, George (2007-08-17). "I-Team: Bigelow Aerospace Makes Giant Leap Towards Commercial Space Travel". Las Vegas Now. Archived from the original on 2009-05-09. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  253. ^ Covault, Craig (April 8, 2007). "Bigelow Reveals Business Plan". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2007.
  254. ^ a b "Bigelow Aerospace lays off entire workforce". SpaceNews. 23 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  255. ^ "The Five-Billion-Star Hotel". Popular Science. 18 March 2019.
  256. ^ Mahoney, Erin (9 August 2016). "NextSTEP Partners Develop Deep Space Habitat Ground Prototypes".
  257. ^ Madden, Duncan. "Mankind's First Space Hotel Is Coming In 2021 - Probably". Forbes.
  258. ^ Simberg, Rand (October 28, 2010). "Bigelow Aerospace Shows Off Bigger, Badder Space Real Estate". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 11, 2010.
  259. ^ "Spaceflight Now - Breaking News - Beating swords into plough shares with Soviet Almaz". www.spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  260. ^ "Excalibur Almaz to Pioneer Private Orbital Manned Space Flight In cooperation with NPOM of Russia - OnOrbit". Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  261. ^ "Shooting for the Moon: Time is called on Isle of Man space race". The Independent. March 11, 2015.
  262. ^ "Spanish venture aims to build space hotel". NBC News. 2007-08-10. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
  263. ^ O'Hare, Maureen (April 6, 2018). "First luxury hotel in space announced". CNN. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  264. ^ "Orion Span". Archived from the original on 2018-04-08. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  265. ^ "Inflatable space habitats undergo testing". Specialty Fabrics Review. October 1, 2023.
  266. ^ "Blue Origin unveils plans to build a private space station called Orbital Reef by 2030". Space.com. 25 October 2021.
  267. ^ "Alén Space | Nanosatellites - CubeSats - Small Satellites". Alén Space.
  268. ^ "NASA – NanoRacks Platforms". www.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-15.
  269. ^ "TESBL Aerospace Corporation - World Leader in Aerospace & Enterprise Technology Cloud Solutions". www.tesbl.com.
  270. ^ Uesaka, Yoshifumi (June 10, 2015). "'Good enough' is best for satellite startup Axelspace". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
  271. ^ Hall, Loura (2021-03-10). "What is Starling?". NASA. Retrieved 2022-04-11.
  272. ^ "CesiumAstro raises $60 million in Series B funding round". SpaceNews. 2022-03-02. Retrieved 2022-04-11.
  273. ^ "Craig Technologies – Because It's All About The Mission®". Retrieved 2022-04-17.
  274. ^ ISIS - General Information. Accessed: 18 October 2018.
  275. ^ Biggs, John (2013-08-14). "Made In Space, Makers Of The Only 3D Printer In Orbit, Answer Some Pressing Questions About Manufacturing And Yoda". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  276. ^ Sandra Erwin (June 21, 2023). "Mynaric to supply laser communications for Raytheon's missile-tracking satellites". Space News.
  277. ^ Wall, Mike (2024-04-30). "SpaceX vet's startup Portal Space Systems comes out of stealth mode". Space.com. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  278. ^ Alamalhodaei, Aria (2024-04-30). "Portal Space Systems unveils Supernova, an ultra-mobile spacecraft". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  279. ^ "Home | Beyond Gravity". www.ruag.com. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  280. ^ "FORM 10-KSB". U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. December 31, 2006.
  281. ^ Boyle, Alan (30 January 2020). "Xplore partners with Nanoracks to set up opportunities for deep-space missions". Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  282. ^ Foust, Jeff (5 March 2020). "Axiom to fly Crew Dragon mission to the space station". SpaceNews.com. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  283. ^ Foust, Jeff (2022-04-08). "SpaceX launches commercial mission to ISS". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  284. ^ "Jim Benson, RIP « NewSpace Journal". www.newspacejournal.com.
  285. ^ "Japanese billionaire, Russian actress to fly to ISS". SpaceNews. 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2021-11-20.

External links