Violent public disturbances between differently self-identifying groups
This is a list of ethnic riots by country, and includes riots based on ethnic, sectarian, xenophobic, and racial conflict. Some of these riots can also be classified as pogroms.
Africa
Americas
United States
Nativist period: 1700s–1860
- 1824: Providence, RI – Hard Scrabble Riots
- 1829: Cincinnati, OH – Cincinnati riots of 1829
- 1829: Charlestown, Massachusetts – anti-Catholic Riots[citation needed]
- 1831: Providence, RI[citation needed]
- 1834: Massachusetts – Convent burning[citation needed]
- 1834: Philadelphia, PA – pro-slavery riots[20]
- 1834: New York, NY – New York City pro-slavery riots
- 1835: Boston, MA – pro-slavery riots
- 1835: Five Points Riot[where?][citation needed]
- 1835: Washington, D.C. – Snow Riot[21][22]
- 1836: Cincinnati, OH – Cincinnati riots of 1836
- 1841: Cincinnati, OH – White Irish-descendant and Irish immigrant dock workers rioted against Black dock workers.[citation needed]
- 1844: Philadelphia, PA – Philadelphia Nativist Riots
- 1851: Hoboken, NJ – anti-German riot[citation needed]
- 1855: Louisville, KY – anti-German riots[citation needed]
Civil War period: 1861–1865
Reconstruction era: 1865–1877
- 1866: New Orleans massacre of 1866
- 1866: Memphis, Tennessee, mostly ethnic Irish against African Americans
- 1868: Pulaski Riot
- 1868: St. Bernard Parish massacre, St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, whites against blacks
- 1868: Opelousas massacre, Opelousas, Louisiana, whites against blacks
- 1868: Camilla massacre, Camilla, Georgia, whites against blacks
- 1870: Eutaw massacre, Eutaw, Alabama, whites against blacks
- 1870: Laurens, South Carolina
- 1870: New York City Orange Riot
- 1871: Second New York City Orange Riot
- 1871: Los Angeles, Chinese massacre. Mixed Mexican and white mob killed 17–20 Chinese in the largest mass lynching in U.S. history
- 1871: Meridian race riot of 1871, Meridian, Mississippi, whites against African Americans
- 1891: New Orleans, lynchings of Italians and riot
- 1873: Colfax massacre, white Democrats against black Republicans
- 1874: New Orleans, Louisiana (Battle of Liberty Place)[23] After contested gubernatorial election, Democrats took over state buildings for three days
- 1874: Coushatta massacre, Coushatta, Louisiana, white Democrats against black Republicans
- 1874–1875: Vicksburg massacre, Vicksburg, Mississippi
- 1875: Yazoo City, Mississippi
- 1875: Clinton, Mississippi
- 1876: Hamburg Massacre
- 1876: Ellenton riot, Ellenton, South Carolina
Jim Crow era: 1878–1914
- 1885: Rock Springs, WY – Anti-Chinese riot
- 1886: Seattle, WA – Seattle riot of 1886[24]
- 1889: Forrest City, AR – 1889 Forrest City riot
- 1891: New Orleans, LA – March 14, 1891 New Orleans lynchings
- 1898: North Carolina – Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 (white Democrats overthrew elected government and attacked Blacks)[25]
- 1898: Lake City, SC – Lynching of Frazier B. Baker and Julia Baker
- 1898: Greenwood County, SC – Phoenix election riot
- 1900: New Orleans, LA – Robert Charles riots
- 1900: Manhattan, NY – Tenderloin anti-Black mob and police riot
- 1904: Springfield, OH – Springfield race riot of 1904[26]
- 1906: Springfield, OH – Springfield race riot of 1906[26]
- 1906: Atlanta, GA – Atlanta Massacre of 1906 (whites against African Americans)[27]
- 1906: Brownsville, TX – Brownsville affair
- 1907: Onancock, VA[citation needed]
- 1907: San Francisco, CA and Bellingham, WA – Pacific Coast race riots of 1907 (anti-Asian)
- 1908: Springfield, IL – Springfield race riot of 1908[28]
- 1909: Omaha, NE – Greek Town riot
- 1910: Nationwide – Johnson–Jeffries riots (anti-black riots following the heavyweight championship victory of Jack Johnson against Jim Jeffries)
- 1910: Slocum, TX – Slocum massacre
War and interwar period: 1914–1945
- 1917: East St. Louis, IL – East St. Louis riots[29]
- 1917: Chester, PA – 1917 Chester race riot
- 1917: Philadelphia, PA[citation needed]
- 1917: El Paso, TX – 1917 Bath riots
- 1917: Houston, TX – Houston riot
- 1919: Red Summer
- 1920: Ocoee, FL – Ocoee Massacre
- 1921: Tulsa, OK – Tulsa race massacre[31]
- 1921: Springfield, OH – Springfield race riot of 1921[26]
- 1923: Rosewood, FL – Rosewood massacre[32]
- 1927: Yakima Valley, WA – Yakima Valley riots (anti-Filipino)[33]
- 1928: Wenatchee Valley – Wenatchee Valley anti-Filipino riot[33]
- 1929: Exeter, CA – Exeter anti-Filipino riot[34]
- 1930: Watsonville, CA – Watsonville riots (anti-Filipino riot that inspired further riots and attacks in San Francisco, Salinas, San Jose, and elsewhere).[34]
- 1935: New York, NY – Harlem riot of 1935
- 1943: Detroit, MI – Detroit race riot[35]
- 1943: Beaumont, TX – Beaumont race riot of 1943
- 1943: New York, NY – Harlem riot of 1943
- 1943: Los Angeles, CA – Zoot Suit Riots (white against Mexican Americans and other Zoot suit wearers)
- 1944: Agana, Guam – Agana race riot
Postwar era: 1946–1954
Civil rights and Black Power period: 1955–1977
- 1958: Maxton, NC – Battle of Hayes Pond
- 1962: Oxford, MS – Ole Miss riot
- 1963: Birmingham, AL – Birmingham Riot of 1963
- 1963: Cambridge, MD – Cambridge riot of 1963
- 1963: Lexington, NC – Lexington riot[36]
- 1964: Harlem, NY – Harlem Riot of 1964
- 1964: Rochester, NY – Rochester riot
- 1964: North Philadelphia, PA – Philadelphia 1964 race riot
- 1965: Los Angeles, CA – Watts Riots
- 1966: Humboldt Park, Chicago, IL – Division Street riots
- 1966: Cleveland, OH – Hough Riots
- 1966: Omaha, NE – North Omaha summer riots
- 1966: Dayton, Ohio – 1966 Dayton race riot
- 1967: Long Hot Summer of 1967
- June 2: Boston riot (Boston, MA)[37]
- June 11 – 14: Tampa riot (Tampa, FL)
- June 12 – June 15: Cincinnati riot (Cincinnati, OH)
- June 17: Atlanta riot (Atlanta, GA)
- June 26 – July 1: Buffalo riot (Buffalo, NY)
- July 12 – 17: Newark riots (Newark, NJ)
- July 14 – 16: Plainfield riots (Plainsfield, NJ)
- July 17: Cairo riot (Cairo, IL)
- July 20 – 21: Minneapolis riot (Minneapolis, MN)
- July 23 – 25: Toledo riot (Toledo, OH)
- July 23 – 28: Detroit riot (Detroit, MI)
- July 24: Cambridge riot (Cambridge, MD)
- July 26: Saginaw riot (Saginaw, MI)
- July 30: Albina riot (Portland, OR)
- July 30 – August 3: Milwaukee riot (Milwaukee, WI)
- 1968: Protests of 1968
- 1968: King-assassination riots (riots following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.)
- 1968: Cleveland, OH – Glenville shootout and riot
- 1969: York, PA – 1969 York Race Riot
- 1969: New York, NY – Stonewall Riot
- 1970: Augusta, GA – May 11 Race Riot
- 1970: Jackson, MS – Jackson State killings
- 1971: Camden, NJ – Camden riots
- 1976: Pensacola, FL – Escambia High School riots
- 1972: Coast of North Vietnam – USS Kitty Hawk Riot (October 12–13)
- 1975: Ontario, CA – Chaffey High School race riot enhanced by local sniper[citation needed]
1978 to today
- 1978: Houston, TX – Moody Park Riot (on the first anniversary of Joe Campos Torres' death).
- 1979: Worcester, MA – Great Brook Valley Projects Riots (Puerto Ricans rioted)
- 1980: Miami, FL – Miami riots (riots in reaction to the acquittal of four Miami-Dade Police officers in the death of Arthur McDuffie).
- 1980: Chattanooga, TN – Chattanooga riot[38]
- 1984: Lawrence, MA – 1984 Lawrence Riot (a small scale riot centered at the intersection of Haverhill and railroad streets between working class whites and Hispanics; several buildings were destroyed by Molotov cocktails; August 8, 1984).[39]
- 1989: Miami, FL – Overtown riot (two nights of rioting by residents after a black motorcyclist was shot by a Hispanic police officer in the predominantly black community of Overtown. The officer was later convicted of manslaughter).
- 1990: Miami, FL – Wynwood riot (Puerto Ricans rioted after a jury acquitted six officers accused of beating a Puerto Rican drug dealer to death)
- 1991: Brooklyn, New York, NY – Crown Heights riot (black anti-Jewish mob killed 2, injured 190).
- 1992: Los Angeles, CA – Los Angeles riots (riots in reaction to the acquittal of all four LAPD officers involved in the videotaped beating of Rodney King, in addition to the Korean involved in the murder of Latasha Harlins; riots broke out mainly involving black and Latino youths in the black neighborhoods of South Central LA and in the neighborhood of Koreatown before spreading to the rest of the city)
- 1996: St. Petersburg, FL – St. Petersburg riots (2-day riots that broke out after 18-year-old Tyron Lewis was fatally shot by Officer Jim Knight, who stopped Lewis for speeding and claimed to have accidentally fire his weapon).
- 2001: Cincinnati, OH – Cincinnati riots (riots in a reaction to the fatal shooting of an unarmed young black male, Timothy Thomas by Cincinnati police officer Steven Roach).
- 2003: Benton Harbor, MI – Benton Harbor riots
- 2005: Toledo, OH – 2005 Toledo riot (a race riot that broke out after a planned Neo-Nazi protest march through a black neighborhood).
- 2006: Fontana, CA – Fontana High School riot (riot involving about 500 Latino and black students)[40]
- 2006: California – Prison race riots (a series of riots across California set off by a war between Latino and black prison gangs)[41][42]
- 2008: Los Angeles, CA – Locke High School riot[43]
- 2009: Oakland, CA – 2009 Oakland riots (peaceful protests turned into rioting after the fatal shooting of Oscar Grant, an unarmed black man, by a BART transit policeman).
- 2014–2015: Ferguson, MO – The Ferguson unrest (a series of riots that broke out over the shooting of Michael Brown).
- 2014 August: riots for two weeks after the initial shooting of Brown.
- 2014 November – December: riots for one week after the police officer who shot Brown was not indicted.
- 2015 August: riots for two days during the anniversary of Brown's shooting.
- 2015: Baltimore, MD – 2015 Baltimore riots (protests-turned-riots following the death of Freddie Gray, an incident in which a suspect died in police custody)
- 2016: Salt Lake City, UT – Riots sparked by the shooting of Abdullahi Omar Mohamed.
- 2020: Nationwide – 2020 United States riots (protests-turned-riots that broke out across the US following the murder of George Floyd).
Asia
Europe
Oceania
See also
References
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- ^ August 'Snow-Storm' Brought Devastation To D.C.. NPR. July 5, 2012.
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- ^ No deaths were reported, but all Chinese and most other Asians were expelled from Seattle and Tacoma. Schwantes, Carlos A. "Protest in a Promised Land: Unemployment, Disinheritance, and the Origin of Labor Militancy in the Pacific Northwest, 1885–1886." Western Historical Quarterly. 13:4 (October 1982).
- ^ Thirty African Americans died. Robert A. Gibson, The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1880–1950, Yale University, 1979.
- ^ a b c Carter, Darnell (1993). "The 1904, 1906, and 1921 Race Riots in Springfield, Ohio and the Hoodlum Theory". Etd.ohiolink.edu. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
- ^ Ten African Americans and two Caucasians died. Robert A. Gibson, The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1880–1950, Yale University, 1979.
- ^ Two African Americans and four Caucasians died. Robert A. Gibson, The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1880–1950, Yale University, 1979; Roberta Senechal, "Springfield Race Riot of 1908," Illinois History Teacher, Summer/Fall 1996.
- ^ According to federal, state and local government investigators, 39 African Americans died. But civilian investigations shortly after the riot indicate that between 100 and 200 African Americans died. The riot was notable for the brutality of white attackers, who used scalping, gouging out of eyes of victims. Some children were seen to kill others. Elliott M. Rudwick, Race Riot at East St. Louis, Southern Illinois University Press, 1964.
- ^ Twenty-three African Americans and 15 Caucasians died. Robert A. Gibson, The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1880–1950, Yale University, 1979.
- ^ Officially, 39 African Americans died. But more recent estimates are that between 150 and 200 African Americans and 50 Caucasians died, and some sources put the number of black dead at 300. James S. Hirsch, Riot and Remembrance: America's Worst Race Riot and Its Legacy, Mariner Books, 2003. ISBN 0-618-34076-9; Robert A. Gibson, The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1880–1950, Yale University, 1979.
- ^ Officially, six African Americans and two Caucasians died. However, there is disagreement about the number of dead, and some estimates place the number of black dead between 40 and 150. Michael D'Orso, Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood, Putnam Books, 1996. ISBN 1-57297-256-4.
- ^ a b "IV. Timeline: Asian Americans in Washington State History". Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Racial Riots". Office of Multicultural Student Services. University of Hawaii. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- ^ Twenty-five African Americans and nine Caucasians died. Robert A. Gibson, The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1880–1950, Yale University, 1979.
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- ^ Anti-Chinese riots continue in Indonesia, CNN
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- ^ "Injuries in clashes between police and protesters in Bulgaria's Gabrovo amid ethnic tensions". The Sofia Globe. 11 April 2019.
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- ^ "French city of Dijon rocked by unrest blamed on Chechens seeking revenge". France 24. 26 June 2020.
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{{cite web}}
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