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Kim Hyong-uk

Kim Hyong-uk (Korean: 김형욱, January 16, 1925[1] – c. October 8, 1979) was a South Korean brigadier general who served as director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency from 1963 to 1969.

Early life

Born in Hwanghae province, he left for the South after high school and was a classmate of Kim Jong-pil at the Korea Military Academy, graduating in 1949 as members of the 8th graduating class. He was an infantry troop commander in the Korean War. He attended the United States Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia, in 1955.

Career

As colonel, he took part in the May 16 coup in 1961, when he led a group of soldiers to take Prime Minister John M. Chang into custody. He served for two years as Minister for Home Affairs in the junta and then was director of the KCIA from March 1963 to October 1969, where he was notorious for his brutality and corruption. His nicknames are Flying Pork Cutlet (or Flying Tonkatsu) (날으는 돈가스; Nareuneun Dongaseu), Pork Belly of Fear (공포의 삼겹살; Gongpoui Samgyeopsal),[2] and Namsan Wild Boar (남산 멧돼지; Namsan metdwaeji).[3]

After refusing to support Park's bid for a third term, he was replaced as head of the KCIA by Kim Gye-won. Reportedly, at a meeting with Park, the President asked him, "why don't you take a rest after your long service?"—and on returning to his office, he discovered it had already been cleared out. In 1971, he became a member of the powerless parliament. Kim went into exile in the United States in 1973.[4][5][6][7]

On June 22, 1977, he testified to the Fraser committee about the Koreagate scandal and the activities of Tongsun Park. He also claimed that the Japanese police had had foreknowledge of the kidnapping of Kim Dae-jung.[8] Park had offered him $1 million not to testify, which Kim refused. Kim accepted $500,000 not to publish his memoirs, but reneged on the deal and published them in Japan in April 1979.

Death

He disappeared on October 7, 1979, after last being seen in a casino of Paris, France.[9] A popular rumor is that Kim was smuggled back to Seoul and personally shot by President Park in the basement of the Blue House.[a][10]

In February 2005, the Monthly Chosun published claims that Kim had been lured from New Jersey to Paris by a hired female entertainer and then been kidnapped by a French criminal syndicate in pay of the South Korean government,[11] then murdered and ground up in a hammer mill which is a grinder at a chicken farm and turned into chicken feed by agents of the KCIA.[b][12]

In May 2005, a report from the National Intelligence Service's Truth Commission concluded that Kim had been killed on the orders of Kim Jae-kyu, his successor as director of the KCIA. He was reportedly shot with a silenced pistol and his body was dumped in the woods outside Paris.[9][13]

Three weeks after Kim Hyong-uk's disappearance, Kim Jae-kyu assassinated President Park.[14]

Cultural references

His memoirs were published in South Korea in 1985.[15]

Film

Television

TV series

References

  1. ^ This version was shown in part 12 of the North Korean film series Nation and Destiny.
  2. ^ This version was shown in the film The Man Standing Next.
  1. ^ Korea Annual 1971. Yonhap News Agency. 1971. p. 566. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  2. ^ "'돌대가리'로 박정희를 들이박다" [Hitting Park Chung-hee with a 'stone head']. The Hankyoreh 21 (in Korean). June 3, 2005. Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Naver.
  3. ^ "공포정치의 대명사가 되다" [Become a byword for the reign of terror]. The Hankyoreh 21 (in Korean). December 11, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Naver.
  4. ^ Jager, Sheila Miyoshi (2013). Brothers at War: The Unending Conflict in Korea. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 564. ISBN 9780393068498. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  5. ^ Halloran, Richard (28 October 1979). "Korea Intelligence: Eyes Seem Everywhere". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  6. ^ Clifford, Mark (1998). Troubled Tiger: Businessmen, Bureaucrats, and Generals in South Korea. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765601414. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  7. ^ "Former Chief of Korea's C.I.A. Kim Hyung Wook". The New York Times. 23 June 1977.
  8. ^ "EX-KOREA AIDE SAYS PARK ENVOY TOLD HIM HE SHOULD BE SILENT". The New York Times. 3 July 1977. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  9. ^ a b "Spy agency exposes 1979 murder of head of KCIA". Korea JoongAng Daily. May 26, 2005. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  10. ^ a b "북한이 전하는 김형욱 '최후의 순간'" [Kim Hyong-uk's 'last moment' as told by North Korea]. Sunday Journal (in Korean). April 15, 2005. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  11. ^ Sang-hun, Choe (5 April 2005). "Korea opens dark chapter of history". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  12. ^ "'남산의 부장들' 충직한 부하는 왜 박통을 쐈나... 그 세심한 재현" ['The Man Standing Next' Why did the loyal subordinate shoot President Park ? A meticulous reproduction of it]. Maeil Economics (in Korean). January 25, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Naver.
  13. ^ West, Nigel (15 August 2017). Encyclopedia of Political Assassinations. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-15381-0239-8.
  14. ^ "Report: South Korea spy chief killed". UPI. 26 May 2005. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  15. ^ "［Why］［문갑식의 하드보일드］ 30년 만에 밝혀진 김형욱 전 중앙정보부장 '암살 사건'" [[Why] [Moon Gap-sik's Hardboiled] Former Korean Central Intelligence Agency Director Kim Hyong-uk's 'assassination case' revealed after 30 years]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). June 27, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  16. ^ "Woo Min-ho on recreating Korean history for Oscar entry 'The Man Standing Next'". Screen Daily. January 22, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  17. ^ "「증발」 막바지 촬영 한창/김형욱사건 픽션 영화" [「Vanished」 is in the final stages of filming/fiction film about the Kim Hyong-uk incident]. Seoul Shinmun (in Korean). June 23, 1993. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  18. ^ "'역사저널 그날' 남산의 부장 '김형욱 실종사건' 진실은?" ['History Journal That Day' What is the truth about Namsan manager 'Kim Hyong-uk's disappearance case'?]. I News 24 (in Korean). December 15, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Naver.
  19. ^ ［꼬꼬무2 12회 요약］"박정희 대통령에게 충성한 것을 후회한다＂ 중앙정보부장 김형욱은 어디로 갔을까? ｜ 꼬리에 꼬리를 무는 그날 이야기 (SBS방송) [［Recap of Kkokkomu 2 Episode 12］ "I regret being loyal to President Park Chung-hee." Where did Kim Hyeong-wook, the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, go? ｜ The story of that day after another (SBS Broadcast)] (in Korean). 달리 ［SBS DALI］ (published May 27, 2021). May 30, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  20. ^ 영화 '남산의 부장들' vs PD수첩 [Film 'Managers of Namsan' vs. PD Note] (in Korean). MBC PD수첩 (published May 3, 2005). February 11, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  21. ^ "'김형욱 양계장 살해설' 진위공방 2라운드" ['Kim Hyong-uk's poultry farm murder theory' 2nd round of truth/false battle]. OhmyNews (in Korean). May 10, 2005. Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Naver.
  22. ^ ［ENG］내가 김형욱을 죽였다?! 김형욱 전 중앙정보부장 실종사건의 진실은? ｜ 그알 캐비닛 [［ENG］I killed Kim Hyong-uk?! What is the truth about the disappearance of former Korean Central Intelligence Agency Director Kim Hyong-uk? ｜UQ Cabinet] (in Korean). 그것이 알고싶다 (published July 23, 2005). January 14, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  23. ^ ［#제4공화국/第4共和國］24회(상) 김형욱 실종 사건 (3) "박정희 비리 다 폭로하겠다" MBC 960103 방송 [［#4th Republic/第4共和國］Episode 24 (first) Kim Hyong-uk's disappearance case (3) "I will expose all of Park Chung-hee's corruption" Broadcast on MBC 960103] (in Korean). 옛드시대 (published January 3, 1996). September 23, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  24. ^ ［#제4공화국/第4共和國］24회(하) 김형욱 실종 사건 (4) 김형욱, 어디로 사라졌나? MBC 960103 방송 [［#4th Republic/第4共和國］Episode 24 (second) Kim Hyong-uk's disappearance case (4) Kim Hyong-uk, where did he disappear to? Broadcast on MBC 960103] (in Korean). 옛드시대 (published January 3, 1996). September 23, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  25. ^ ""미국피디협회 '대통령 2명 감옥 보낸 한국 피디' 초청하다"" [USA PD Association invites South Korean PDs who sent two presidents to prison]. The Hankyoreh (in Korean). November 17, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2023 – via Naver.