American Veterinary Medical Association

Organization

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) is an American not-for-profit association founded in 1863 that represents more than 105,000 veterinarians.^[1]

The AVMA provides information resources, continuing education opportunities, publications, and discounts on personal and professional products, programs, and services. The AVMA indicates that it lobbies for animal friendly legislation within a framework that supports the use of animals for human purposes (e.g., food, fiber, research, companionship).^[2]

The AVMA Council on Education is the designated accrediting body for schools of veterinary medicine in the United States.

The AVMA publishes the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) and the American Journal of Veterinary Research (AJVR).^[3]

The AVMA's veterinary student organization is the Student American Veterinary Medical Association (SAVMA).

History

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) was founded in 1863, when 40 delegates representing seven states met for a convention in New York. Originally named the United States Veterinary Medical Association, the USVMA was renamed the AVMA in 1889.^[4]

By 1913, the AVMA consisted of 1,650 members, with membership open only to graduates of accredited veterinary schools.^[4]

As of 2021^[update], the AVMA has more than 97,000 members.^[1] In addition to treating pets, veterinarians work in a number of fields, such as public health, agriculture, food safety, academics, and the military.^[4]

AVMA policy

The AVMA produces policies in response to member requests and stakeholder interest. These statements are general and aim to encourage improvement based on the best available scientific evidence.^[5]

In 2005, the AVMA changed its policy on pregnant sow housing, stating that "given the number of variables and large variation in performance within both group and stall systems for pregnant sows, no one system is clearly better than others under all conditions and according to all criteria of animal welfare".^[6] The AVMA's policy was adopted after a comprehensive review by a multi-disciplinary, multi-perspective task force of experts that produced an accompanying review of housing for pregnant sows.^[7]

The AVMA has voted on several proposals to take a formal stand against the forced feeding of birds to make foie gras. Although foie gras has been banned in many countries in Europe, as well as in the U.S. state of California, because of an absence of science specifically addressing the welfare aspects of foie gras production, as well as conflicting opinions among its membership, the AVMA opted not to take a stand either for or against foie gras. The AVMA has published a welfare implications of foie gras production backgrounder.^[8]

The AVMA has received pushback from many veterinarians for its classification of ventilation shutdown plus (VSD+) as "acceptable under constrained circumstances". Many veterinarians regard the method as cruel and have questioned the justification for the classification.^[9] In its guidelines, the AVMA relied only on one report from North Carolina State University and argued this gave evidence that VSD+ provided sufficiently limited suffering.^[10] However, this unpublished report's methodology has been questioned by organizations such as the Animal Welfare Institute for using an untested metric for stress (using heat shock protein 70), containing mathematical errors, having unclear writing, and more.^[11][12]

Legislation

AVMA supported the Veterinary Medicine Mobility Act of 2014, a law that amended the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) to clarify that veterinarians are not required to have separate registrations to dispense controlled substances outside of their principal place of business, such as when treating animals on a farm.^[13][14] AVMA argued that "the CSA must be amended so that our nation's animals do not suffer unnecessarily."^[15] Due to an interpretation of the law by the Drug Enforcement Administration, veterinarians were not allowed to travel to their off-site animal patients with controlled substances.^[16]

Academic Accreditation

The United States Department of Education has designated the AVMA Council on Education as the accrediting body for schools of veterinary medicine in the United States. In this capacity, the AVMA develops and maintains educational standards for these institutions to ensure the qualifications and competency of graduates of veterinary schools.^[17][18]

Two bodies within AVMA are responsible for veterinary education accreditation: the AVMA Council on Education (COE) and the Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities (CVTEA). The former is responsible for accreditation of veterinary colleges and the latter veterinary technology programs.^[19]

AVMA-accredited Veterinary Colleges

As of 2021^[update], the following colleges were accredited by the AVMA.^[20]

• United States: Auburn University, Colorado State University, Cornell University, Iowa State University, Kansas State University, Lincoln Memorial University, Long Island University, Louisiana State University, Michigan State University, Midwestern University, Mississippi State University, North Carolina State University, Ohio State University, Oklahoma State University, Oregon State University, Purdue University, Texas A&M University, Texas Tech University, Tufts University, Tuskegee University, University of Arizona, University of California, Davis, University of Florida, University of Georgia, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, University of Minnesota, University of Missouri, University of Pennsylvania, University of Tennessee, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Virginia–Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Western University of Health Sciences
• Australia: Murdoch University, University of Melbourne, University of Queensland, University of Sydney
• Canada: Université de Montréal, University of Calgary, University of Guelph, University of Prince Edward Island, University of Saskatchewan
• France: VetAgro Sup
• Ireland: University College Dublin
• Korea: Seoul National University
• Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México
• Netherlands: Utrecht University
• New Zealand: Massey University
• United Kingdom: Royal Veterinary College, University of Bristol, University of Nottingham, University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow
• West Indies: St. George's University, Ross University

AVMA-accredited Veterinary Technology Programs

As of 2021^[update], the AVMA accredits veterinary technician programs in all but three U.S. states, one program in Canada, and a number of distance learning programs.^[21]

Specialists in veterinary medicine

According to the AVMA, a board-certified veterinary specialist is "a veterinarian who has completed additional training in a specific area of veterinary medicine and has passed an examination that evaluates their knowledge and skills in that specialty area."^[22]

As of 2021^[update], the AVMA recognizes 22 veterinary specialty organizations, including American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, American College of Veterinary Surgeons, and American College of Zoological Medicine.^[23] The AVMA recognizes 41 distinct veterinary specialties, including anesthesia, behavior, dentistry, parasitology, pathology, pharmacology, and surgery.^[22]

References

1. "About us - We are AVMA". American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
2. "AVMA Animal Welfare Policy Statements". American Veterinary Medical Association. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2015.
3. "AVMA Journals". American Veterinary Medical Association.
4. "History of the AVMA". American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
5. "AVMA Animal Welfare Policies". American Veterinary Medical Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
6. "AVMA policy on pregnant sow housing". American Veterinary Medical Association. Archived from the original on May 14, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
7. "A comprehensive review of housing for pregnant sows" (PDF). American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
8. "Welfare implications for foie gras production". American Veterinary Medical Association. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
9. Bolotnikova, Marina (January 4, 2023). "The bitter civil war dividing American veterinarians". Vox. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
10. "AVMA Guidelines for the Depopulation of Animals: 2019 Edition" (PDF). 2019.
11. Liss, Cathy (October 2021). "Reference: Classification of Ventilation Shutdown Methods in the AVMA Guidelines for the Depopulation of Animals" (PDF). Letter to American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
12. Bolotnikova, Marina (April 14, 2022). "Amid Bird Flu Outbreak, Meat Producers Seek "Ventilation Shutdown" for Mass Chicken Killing". The Intercept. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
13. "H.R. 1528 - Summary". United States Congress. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
14. "CBO - H.R. 1528". Congressional Budget Office. April 18, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
15. "Tell Congress to Pass the Veterinary Medicine Mobility Act". American Veterinary Medical Association. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
16. "AAVMC Programs & Initiatives". Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
17. "College Accreditation in the United States-- Pg 4". United States Department of Education. July 29, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
18. "COE Accreditation Policies and Procedures: AVMA". American Veterinary Medical Association. December 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
19. "AVMA Center for Veterinary Education Accreditation". American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
20. "Accredited veterinary colleges". American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
21. "Programs accredited by the AVMA Committee on Veterinary Technician Education and Activities (CVTEA)". American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
22. "What do board-certified veterinary specialists do?". American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
23. "Veterinary specialties". American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved August 22, 2021.

External links

• Official website
• Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
• American Journal of Veterinary Research Archived September 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine