Desde 2007, la Franja de Gaza ha sido gobernada por Hamás , un grupo militante islamista, mientras que Cisjordania permaneció bajo el control de la Autoridad Palestina liderada por Fatah . Después de la toma de poder de Hamás, Israel impuso un bloqueo de la Franja de Gaza , [165] [166] que dañó significativamente su economía . [167] El bloqueo fue justificado por Israel citando preocupaciones de seguridad, [168] pero grupos de derechos internacionales han caracterizado el bloqueo como una forma de castigo colectivo . [169] [170] [171] Debido al bloqueo israelí de la Franja de Gaza , UNRWA informó que el 81% de las personas vivían por debajo del nivel de pobreza en 2023, y el 63% padecía inseguridad alimentaria y dependía de la asistencia internacional. [161] [172]
Desde 2007, Israel y Hamás, junto con otros grupos militantes palestinos con base en Gaza, han participado en conflictos, [168] [166] [173] incluidas cuatro guerras en 2008-2009 , 2012 , 2014 y 2021. [174] [175] Estos conflictos mataron a aproximadamente 6.400 palestinos y 300 israelíes . [176] [160] [ 161] En 2018-2019, hubo grandes protestas semanales organizadas cerca de la frontera entre Gaza e Israel , que fueron violentamente reprimidas por Israel, cuyas fuerzas mataron a cientos e hirieron a miles de palestinos por disparos de francotiradores. [177] [178] Poco después de que comenzara la crisis entre Israel y Palestina de 2021 , el ala militar de Hamás, las Brigadas Al-Qassam , comenzaron a planificar la operación del 7 de octubre de 2023 contra Israel. [179] [180]
Los ataques tuvieron lugar durante las festividades judías de Simjat Torá y Shemini Atzeret en Shabat , [194] y un día después del 50 aniversario del inicio de la Guerra de Yom Kippur , que también comenzó con un ataque sorpresa contra Israel. [187] Alrededor de las 6:30 am IDT (UTC+03:00) del 7 de octubre de 2023, [195] Hamás anunció el inicio de lo que llamó " Operación Inundación de Al-Aqsa ", afirmando que había disparado más de 5.000 cohetes desde la Franja de Gaza hacia Israel en un lapso de 20 minutos. Fuentes israelíes informaron que se habían lanzado al menos 3.000 proyectiles desde Gaza. Al menos cinco personas murieron por los ataques con cohetes. [196] [197] [198] Se informó de explosiones en zonas que rodean la Franja y en ciudades de la llanura de Sharon, incluidas Gedera , Herzliya , [199] Tel Aviv y Ashkelon . [200]
Hamás empleó tácticas como el uso de drones aéreos para inutilizar puestos de observación israelíes, parapentes para infiltrarse en Israel y motocicletas, algo inusual para Hamás. [201] Por la tarde, Hamás lanzó otra andanada de 150 cohetes hacia Israel, con explosiones reportadas en Yavne , Givatayim , Bat Yam , Beit Dagan , Tel Aviv y Rishon LeZion. [197] Simultáneamente, alrededor de 3.000 militantes de Hamás [202] se infiltraron en Israel desde Gaza usando camiones, motocicletas, excavadoras, lanchas rápidas y parapentes. [187] [195] [203] Tomaron puestos de control en Kerem Shalom y Erez , y crearon aberturas en la valla fronteriza en otros cinco lugares. [204] Los militantes de Hamás también llevaron a cabo un desembarco anfibio en Zikim . [200] [205]
Un informe en The Economist señaló que "el ataque eclipsó a todos los demás asesinatos en masa de civiles israelíes", argumentando que "la última vez antes del 7 de octubre que tantos judíos fueron asesinados en un solo día fue durante el Holocausto ". [210]
Hamás declaró que su ataque fue una respuesta al bloqueo de la Franja de Gaza, la expansión de los asentamientos ilegales israelíes , la creciente violencia de los colonos israelíes y las recientes escaladas en Al-Aqsa . [133] [134] [181] Los funcionarios de inteligencia y seguridad de varios países occidentales, junto con funcionarios políticos de Hamás, afirmaron que el ataque del 7 de octubre fue un esfuerzo calculado para crear un estado de guerra "permanente" y revivir el interés en la causa palestina. [223] [224]
Primera contraoperación israelí (7-27 de octubre)
En el sentido de las agujas del reloj desde arriba :
Situación aproximada el 9 de octubre
Consecuencias del impacto de un cohete de Hamás en la sala de maternidad del Centro Médico Barzilai , un hospital en Ashkelon , Israel, el 8 de octubre de 2023
Edificio en la Franja de Gaza destruido por misiles israelíes
Un niño y un hombre heridos reciben tratamiento en el hospital Al-Shifa en la ciudad de Gaza
Restos de la estación de policía de Sderot, tras su recuperación por las FDI
Destrucción de un edificio residencial en Gaza por un ataque aéreo israelí
Después de la violación inicial del perímetro de Gaza por militantes palestinos, las FDI tardaron horas en iniciar su contraataque. [225] Los primeros helicópteros enviados para apoyar a los militares fueron lanzados desde el norte de Israel y llegaron a la Franja de Gaza una hora después de que comenzaran los combates. [214] Inmediatamente encontraron dificultades para determinar qué puestos avanzados y comunidades estaban ocupados y distinguir entre militantes palestinos y soldados y civiles en el terreno. [214] Las tripulaciones de los helicópteros inicialmente mantuvieron una alta tasa de fuego, atacando aproximadamente 300 objetivos en cuatro horas. Más tarde, las tripulaciones comenzaron a ralentizar los ataques y a seleccionar cuidadosamente los objetivos. [214] Según el periodista de Haaretz , Josh Breiner, una fuente policial dijo que una investigación policial indicó que un helicóptero de las FDI que había disparado contra militantes de Hamás "aparentemente también golpeó a algunos participantes del festival" en la masacre del festival de música de Re'im . [213] La policía israelí negó el informe de Haaretz . [226]
Una investigación israelí posterior afirmó que se había ordenado a los militantes que no huyeran para que la fuerza aérea pensara que eran israelíes. [214] Este engaño funcionó durante algún tiempo, pero los pilotos comenzaron a darse cuenta del problema y a ignorar las restricciones. Alrededor de las 9:00 a. m., en medio del caos y la confusión, algunos helicópteros comenzaron a disparar sin autorización previa. [214]
Una investigación de Haaretz de julio de 2024 reveló que las FDI ordenaron que se utilizara la Directiva Hannibal, y añadió: "Haaretz no sabe si o cuántos civiles y soldados fueron alcanzados debido a estos procedimientos, pero los datos acumulados indican que muchas de las personas secuestradas estaban en riesgo, expuestas a los disparos israelíes, incluso si no eran el objetivo". Una de estas decisiones se tomó a las 7:18 AM, cuando un puesto de observación informó que alguien había sido secuestrado en el cruce de Erez, cerca de la oficina de enlace de las FDI. "Hannibal en Erez", llegó la orden desde el cuartel general de la división, "envíe un Zik". El Zik es un avión no tripulado de asalto, y Haaretz informó que el significado de esta orden era claro. [227]
Una fuente del Comando Sur de las Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel dijo a Haaretz : "Todo el mundo sabía entonces que esos vehículos podían transportar civiles o soldados secuestrados... No hubo ningún caso en el que un vehículo que transportara a personas secuestradas fuera atacado deliberadamente, pero no se podía saber realmente si había alguna de esas personas en un vehículo. No puedo decir que hubiera una instrucción clara, pero todo el mundo sabía lo que significaba no permitir que ningún vehículo regresara a Gaza". La misma fuente afirmó que a las 14:00 horas se dio una nueva instrucción que "tenía como objetivo convertir el área alrededor de la valla fronteriza en una zona de matanza, cerrándola hacia el oeste". [227]
Haaretz informó además que a las 18.40 horas los servicios de inteligencia militares creían que los militantes tenían la intención de huir de vuelta a Gaza de forma organizada desde las cercanías del kibutz Be'eri, Kfar Azza y Kissufim. En respuesta, el ejército lanzó artillería contra la zona de la valla fronteriza, muy cerca de algunas de estas comunidades. Poco después también se dispararon proyectiles contra el paso fronterizo de Erez. Las FDI afirman que no tienen conocimiento de que ningún civil haya resultado herido en estos bombardeos. [227]
Haaretz menciona un caso en el que se sabe que civiles fueron atacados, que tuvo lugar en la casa de Pessi Cohen en el Kibbutz Be'eri. 14 rehenes estaban en la casa cuando las FDI la atacaron, y 13 de ellos murieron. [227]
Un informe de septiembre de 2024 de ABC News (Australia) también abordó el uso de la Directiva Aníbal en la respuesta inicial israelí. El informe cita al ex oficial de la Fuerza Aérea israelí, el coronel Nof Erez, diciendo: "Fue un Aníbal masivo. Hubo toneladas y toneladas de aberturas en la valla y miles de personas en todo tipo de vehículos, algunos con rehenes y otros sin ellos". ABC News añade que no sólo fueron los soldados sino también los civiles israelíes los que fueron atacados, citando testimonios de dos incidentes en el kibutz Be'eri y Nir Oz. [228]
Seis meses después, las FDI publicaron un informe en el que se exculpaban, pero ABC News señala que dejó insatisfechos a muchos en el kibutz Be'eri y contradice el testimonio de una de las supervivientes, Yasmin Porat, "que dijo a la radio israelí Kan el 15 de octubre que los hombres armados de Hamás no habían amenazado a los rehenes y que en cambio tenían la intención de negociar con la policía para que regresaran sanos y salvos a Gaza. Dijo que una unidad especial de la policía israelí había iniciado el tiroteo disparando contra la casa, alcanzando a "cinco o seis" residentes del kibutz en el exterior en "un fuego cruzado muy, muy intenso". En la entrevista, se le preguntó: "Entonces, ¿nuestras fuerzas pueden haberles disparado?" "Sin duda", respondió". [228]
El ataque pareció haber sido una completa sorpresa para los israelíes. [229] El primer ministro Benjamin Netanyahu convocó una reunión de emergencia de las autoridades de seguridad, y las FDI lanzaron la Operación Espadas de Hierro en la Franja de Gaza. [230] [197] En una transmisión televisada, Netanyahu dijo: "Estamos en guerra". [203] Amenazó con "convertir todos los lugares donde Hamas está organizado y escondido en ciudades en ruinas", llamó a Gaza "la ciudad del mal", e instó a sus residentes a irse. [231] [133] Netanyahu y el ministro de Defensa Yoav Gallant llevaron a cabo evaluaciones de seguridad en la sede de las FDI en Tel Aviv . [206] [200] Durante la noche, el Gabinete de Seguridad de Israel votó para actuar para provocar la "destrucción de las capacidades militares y gubernamentales de Hamas y la Jihad Islámica Palestina ". [232] La Corporación Eléctrica de Israel , que suministra el 80% de la electricidad de la Franja de Gaza, cortó la energía al área. [200] Esto redujo el suministro de energía de Gaza de 120 MW a 20 MW, suministrados por plantas de energía pagadas por la Autoridad Palestina. [233]
El 9 o 10 de octubre, Hamás ofreció liberar a todos los rehenes civiles retenidos en Gaza si Israel cancelaba su planeada invasión de la Franja de Gaza, pero el gobierno israelí rechazó la oferta. [234]
Las FDI declararon un "estado de preparación para la guerra", [197] movilizaron a decenas de miles de reservistas del ejército , [195] [200] y declararon el estado de emergencia para las áreas dentro de los 80 kilómetros (50 millas) de Gaza. [235] Se desplegó la unidad antiterrorista Yamam , [236] junto con cuatro nuevas divisiones, aumentando los 31 batallones existentes. [187] Se informó que se desplegaron reservistas en Gaza, en Cisjordania y a lo largo de las fronteras con Líbano y Siria. [237]
A los residentes de las cercanías de Gaza se les pidió que se quedaran en sus casas, mientras que a los civiles del sur y el centro de Israel se les exigió que "permanecieran cerca de los refugios". [200] La región sur de Israel fue cerrada al movimiento de civiles, [236] y se cerraron las carreteras alrededor de Gaza [187] y Tel Aviv. [200] Aunque el aeropuerto Ben Gurion y el aeropuerto Ramon permanecieron operativos, varias aerolíneas cancelaron vuelos hacia y desde Israel. [238] Los ferrocarriles de Israel suspendieron el servicio en algunas partes del país y reemplazaron algunas rutas con rutas de autobús temporales, [239] [240] mientras que los cruceros eliminaron los puertos de Ashdod y Haifa de sus itinerarios. [241]
Bloqueo y bombardeo israelí
Consecuencias de un ataque aéreo israelí en la zona de El-Remal de la ciudad de Gaza , 9 de octubre de 2023
Tras el ataque sorpresa, la Fuerza Aérea israelí llevó a cabo ataques aéreos que, según dijo, tenían como objetivo complejos de Hamás, centros de mando, túneles y otros objetivos. [197] [235] [242] Israel empleó su software de inteligencia artificial Habsora ("El Evangelio") con una capacidad nueva y superior para generar automáticamente objetivos para ser atacados. [243] [244] Dos días después del ataque sorpresa, Israel dijo que 426 objetivos de Hamás habían sido alcanzados, incluida la destrucción de Beit Hanoun , casas de funcionarios de Hamás, una mezquita y un centro de Internet. [242] [245] [246] Israel también rescató a dos rehenes antes de declarar el estado de guerra por primera vez desde la Guerra de Yom Kippur de 1973. [ 247] [248]
El 9 de octubre, el Ministro de Defensa Gallant anunció un bloqueo "total" de la Franja de Gaza, cortando la electricidad y bloqueando la entrada de alimentos y combustible, añadiendo "Estamos luchando contra animales humanos y estamos actuando en consecuencia". [249] Esto provocó críticas de Human Rights Watch (HRW), que calificó la orden de "aborrecible" y de "llamado a cometer un crimen de guerra" y acusó a Israel de utilizar municiones de fósforo blanco sobre Gaza, afirmando que violaba el derecho internacional. [250] [251] Israel negó las acusaciones. [252] Gallant cambió entonces su posición de un bloqueo completo tras recibir presión del presidente estadounidense Joe Biden y el 19 de octubre se llegó a un acuerdo para que Israel y Egipto permitieran la entrada de ayuda a Gaza. [253] El primer convoy de ayuda tras el inicio de la guerra entró en Gaza el 21 de octubre de 2023, [254] mientras que el combustible entró en Gaza recién en noviembre. [255]
Casi una semana después del ataque inicial contra Israel, el 13 de octubre, las FDI ordenaron la evacuación de todos los civiles de la ciudad de Gaza hacia la zona al sur de Wadi Gaza . [256] Todos los palestinos de esa región, incluidos los de la ciudad de Gaza, recibieron 24 horas para evacuar hacia el sur. La Autoridad de Asuntos de Refugiados de Hamás respondió diciendo a los residentes del norte de Gaza que "permanecieran firmes en sus hogares y se mantuvieran firmes frente a esta repugnante guerra psicológica librada por la ocupación". [257] La declaración de Israel enfrentó una reacción generalizada; numerosas agencias, como Médicos Sin Fronteras , la Organización Mundial de la Salud , la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos , entre otras, condenaron la orden como "escandalosa" e "imposible" al tiempo que pedían una revocación inmediata de la orden. [258]
Como parte de la orden, las FDI anunciaron una ventana de seis horas desde las 10 am hasta las 4 pm hora local el 13 de octubre, para que los refugiados huyeran hacia el sur por rutas específicas dentro de la Franja de Gaza. [259] Una explosión a las 5:30 pm a lo largo de una de las rutas seguras mató a 70 personas. [260] Algunas fuentes la atribuyeron a un ataque aéreo de las FDI, mientras que CNN dijo que la causa no estaba clara. El Jerusalem Post dijo que los analistas de fuentes abiertas creían que la explosión se originó en un automóvil en el suelo, pero la causa no estaba clara. [261] [262] El Financial Times llevó a cabo una investigación, concluyendo que "el análisis de las imágenes de video descarta la mayoría de las explicaciones aparte de un ataque israelí", aunque era "difícil probar de manera concluyente si estas explosiones vinieron de un ataque de las FDI, un posible fallo de encendido de un cohete palestino o incluso un coche bomba". [263]
Las Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel afirmaron que Hamás había establecido controles de carretera para impedir que los residentes de Gaza evacuaran hacia el sur y provocó atascos de tráfico. [264] Los funcionarios israelíes afirmaron que esto se hizo para utilizar a los civiles como "escudos humanos", lo que Hamás negó. [265] Varios países y organizaciones internacionales condenaron lo que llamaron el uso de hospitales y civiles como escudos humanos por parte de Hamás . [266] Según un funcionario israelí anónimo, el líder de Hamás, Yahya Sinwar, abandonó la ciudad de Gaza utilizando un vehículo asociado con una misión de ayuda humanitaria . [267]
17 de octubre
En el sentido de las agujas del reloj desde arriba :
Un hombre lleva el cuerpo de un niño palestino muerto durante el bombardeo del 17 de octubre de 2023
El cráter de impacto
Consecuencias de la explosión en el Hospital Árabe Al-Ahli
El 17 de octubre, Israel bombardeó zonas del sur de Gaza. [268] Funcionarios del Ministerio de Salud en Gaza informaron de fuertes bombardeos durante la noche que mataron a más de 70 personas, incluidas familias que habían sido evacuadas de la ciudad de Gaza en el norte. [269] Uno de los ataques aéreos mató a un alto comandante militar de Hamas, Ayman Nofal . [270] Por la tarde, un ataque israelí alcanzó una escuela de la UNRWA en el campo de refugiados de Al-Maghazi , matando a seis e hiriendo a 12. [271] A última hora de la noche, se produjo una explosión en el aparcamiento del Hospital Bautista Al-Ahli Arabi en el centro de la ciudad de Gaza, matando a cientos de personas. La causa de la explosión fue disputada por Hamas y las FDI, y el conflicto en curso impidió un análisis independiente en el lugar. [272] Las declaraciones palestinas de que fue un ataque aéreo israelí fueron negadas por las FDI, que afirmaron que la explosión fue resultado de un lanzamiento fallido de un cohete por parte de la Jihad Islámica Palestina . [273] La PIJ negó cualquier implicación. [274] [275]
En los días posteriores a la explosión, las agencias de defensa e inteligencia estadounidenses, canadienses, francesas y británicas concluyeron que fue causada por un cohete palestino errante. [276] A principios de noviembre, CNN informó que los expertos dijeron que "creen que este es el escenario más probable, aunque advierten que la ausencia de restos de munición o metralla en el lugar hizo difícil estar seguros". [277] A fines de noviembre, un análisis de Human Rights Watch indicó que la evidencia apuntaba a un cohete palestino fallido como la causa, pero afirmó que se requería más investigación. [278] Las investigaciones de Channel 4 News cuestionaron las afirmaciones israelíes de que un cohete de Hamas fallido fue responsable de la explosión. [279] [280] Forensic Architecture concluyó que la explosión fue el resultado de una munición disparada desde Israel [281] y en febrero de 2024 dijo que "lo que sucedió en al-Ahli sigue sin ser concluyente". [282] [283] The New Yorker , citando análisis de Earshot y Forensic Architecture, destacó las dudas sobre la participación de los cohetes palestinos y señaló el papel de las FDI en fomentar la incertidumbre a través de la desinformación. [284]
Invasión de la Franja de Gaza hasta la tregua (27 de octubre – 24 de noviembre)
En el sentido de las agujas del reloj desde arriba :
Soldados israelíes se preparan para la invasión terrestre de la Franja de Gaza el 29 de octubre
Militares israelíes durante operaciones terrestres el 31 de octubre
Militares israelíes durante operaciones terrestres el 1 de noviembre
Bulldozer blindado D9R de las FDI alrededor del 16 de noviembre de 2023
Tanques israelíes durante operaciones el 31 de octubre
El 27 de octubre, las FDI lanzaron una incursión terrestre a gran escala y por múltiples frentes en partes del norte de Gaza. Las FDI estaban reuniendo una fuerza de más de 100.000 soldados en las ciudades de Ashkelon , Sderot y Kiryat Gat . Se informó de enfrentamientos entre Hamás y las FDI cerca de Beit Hanoun y Bureij . [285] [286] Los ataques aéreos israelíes apuntaron al área alrededor del hospital al-Quds , [287] donde se cree que alrededor de 14.000 civiles se refugiaban en el hospital o cerca de él. [287] Associated Press informó de que los ataques aéreos israelíes también destruyeron las carreteras que conducen al hospital Al-Shifa , lo que dificulta cada vez más el acceso. [288] Al día siguiente, las FDI atacaron el densamente poblado campo de refugiados de Jabalia , matando a 50 e hiriendo a 150 palestinos según el Ministerio de Salud de Gaza. Según Israel, entre los muertos había un alto comandante de Hamás y decenas de militantes en un vasto complejo de túneles subterráneos. Hamás negó la presencia de un alto comandante en el lugar de los hechos. [289] [290] [291] El director quirúrgico del cercano Hospital de Indonesia dijo que habían recibido 120 cadáveres y atendido a 280 heridos, la mayoría de ellos mujeres y niños. [292] El ataque dio lugar a varias destituciones de embajadores. [293] [294] [295] Según The New York Times, se utilizaron al menos dos bombas de 2.000 libras, el segundo tipo más grande del arsenal de Israel. [296]
El 31 de octubre, Israel bombardeó un edificio de apartamentos de seis pisos en el centro de Gaza, matando al menos a 106 civiles, incluidos 54 niños, en lo que Human Rights Watch llamó un "aparente crimen de guerra". [298] El 1 de noviembre, el primer grupo de evacuados salió de Gaza hacia Egipto. 500 evacuados, incluidos heridos graves y ciudadanos extranjeros, serían evacuados en el transcurso de varios días, y 200 evacuados ya esperaban en el cruce fronterizo. [299] El mismo día, el campo de refugiados de Jabalia fue bombardeado por segunda vez. [300] [301] Las FDI publicaron lo que afirmaron que era una llamada interceptada entre operativos de Hamás y el director del Hospital de Indonesia, donde discuten sobre desviar parte del suministro de combustible del hospital a Hamás. [302]
El 3 de noviembre, el Ministerio de Salud de Gaza declaró que Israel había atacado un convoy de ambulancias directamente frente al Hospital Al-Shifa, matando al menos a 15 personas e hiriendo a otras 60. [303] Las FDI reconocieron haber lanzado un ataque aéreo, añadiendo que "varios agentes terroristas de Hamás murieron en el ataque", [304] lo que un funcionario de Hamás calificó de "infundado". [304] La Sociedad de la Media Luna Roja Palestina (MLRP) dijo que una de sus ambulancias fue alcanzada "por un misil disparado por las fuerzas israelíes" a unos dos metros de la entrada del hospital Al-Shifa. [304] La MLRP dijo que otra ambulancia fue atacada a un kilómetro del hospital. [304] Al día siguiente, una portavoz de la UNRWA confirmó los informes de que Israel había llevado a cabo un ataque aéreo contra una escuela dirigida por la ONU en el campo de refugiados de Jabalia. [305] Según el Ministerio de Salud de Gaza, el ataque mató a 15 personas e hirió a docenas más. [305]
Los combates continuaron hasta mediados de noviembre y el 18 de noviembre los ataques israelíes mataron a más de 80 personas en el campo de refugiados de Jabalia. [306] Israel también atacó un convoy claramente identificado como de Médicos Sin Fronteras , matando a dos trabajadores humanitarios. [307] El 22 de noviembre, Israel y Hamás alcanzaron un acuerdo de alto el fuego temporal, que preveía una "pausa" [308] o "calma" [309] [310] de cuatro días en las hostilidades, para permitir la liberación de 50 rehenes retenidos en Gaza. [308] [309] El acuerdo también preveía la liberación de aproximadamente 150 mujeres y niños palestinos encarcelados por Israel. [309] El acuerdo fue aprobado por el gabinete israelí en las primeras horas del día; en una declaración, la Oficina del Primer Ministro israelí manifestó la intención de Israel de continuar la guerra. [308] [309]
Duración de la tregua (24 de noviembre – 1 de diciembre)
Tras la introducción de una tregua negociada por Qatar el 24 de noviembre, que comenzó a las 7:00 am, hora de Israel , cesaron los combates activos en la Franja de Gaza y algunos de los rehenes israelíes y extranjeros fueron liberados por Hamás a cambio de la liberación de algunos de los presos políticos palestinos retenidos por Israel. La tregua se anunció por un período de cuatro días, pero se prorrogó por un período más largo.
Del 24 al 30 de noviembre, Hamas liberó a rehenes e Israel liberó a prisioneros. El 27 de noviembre, Qatar anunció que se había llegado a un acuerdo entre Israel y Hamas para extender la tregua por dos días. [311] Tanto Israel como Hamas se acusaron mutuamente de violar la tregua el 28 de noviembre. [312] El 30 de noviembre, en un "acuerdo de último minuto", Hamas liberó a ocho rehenes a cambio de la liberación de 30 palestinos encarcelados y una extensión de la tregua de un día. [313]
Reanudación de las hostilidades (1 de diciembre de 2023 – 6 de mayo de 2024)
Tanque israelí Merkava en una calle de Gaza, 4 de enero de 2024
Continuación de las operaciones en el norte de Gaza (diciembre de 2023 – enero de 2024)
La tregua expiró el 1 de diciembre, cuando Israel y Hamás se culparon mutuamente por no llegar a un acuerdo sobre la extensión. El desacuerdo se centró en "cómo definir soldados versus civiles y cuántos prisioneros palestinos liberaría Israel para sus rehenes". [314] Los rehenes israelíes restantes incluyen un bebé de un año, su hermano de 4 años y su madre , 13 mujeres de entre 18 y 39 años y 85 hombres, algunos mayores de 80 años . [315] Miles de palestinos permanecen en detención administrativa . [316] Un funcionario de Hamás dijo que después del intercambio, los únicos rehenes restantes eran "soldados y hombres civiles que sirvieron en el ejército de ocupación", y se negó a intercambiarlos hasta que "todos nuestros prisioneros sean liberados y se establezca un alto el fuego". [317] El asesor de seguridad nacional de Estados Unidos, Kirby, dijo que "Hamás acordó permitir el acceso de la Cruz Roja a estos rehenes mientras la pausa estuviera vigente", lo que "no sucedió y todavía no está sucediendo". [318] El Club de Prisioneros Palestinos afirmó que 240 prisioneros palestinos fueron liberados como parte del acuerdo de alto el fuego y otros 240 palestinos fueron encarcelados. Los prisioneros palestinos liberados denunciaron malos tratos, incluidas palizas, hacinamiento, privación de alimentos y suspensión del acceso a la Cruz Roja. [319] A los prisioneros liberados se les prohibió hablar con los medios de comunicación y se les amenazó con multas. [316]
Israel adoptó un sistema de cuadrícula para ordenar evacuaciones precisas dentro de Gaza, publicó un mapa y lanzó folletos con un código QR . Israel fue criticado por el difícil acceso al mapa debido a la falta de electricidad y conectividad a Internet, y por causar confusión. Algunas instrucciones de evacuación han sido vagas o contradictorias, [320] [321] e Israel ha atacado áreas "seguras" a las que había dicho a la gente que evacuara. [322] [323] [324]
Los expertos legales dijeron que no habían visto cambios significativos en la forma en que Israel libraba la guerra, debido a que sus advertencias a los civiles parecían ineficaces y no estaba claro si había algún lugar seguro en Gaza. [325] Amnistía Internacional dijo que "las armas fabricadas en Estados Unidos facilitaron los asesinatos en masa de familias extensas". Amnistía no encontró evidencia de objetivos militares en los lugares de los ataques, ni indicios de que los ocupantes estuvieran afiliados a Hamás, lo que la impulsó a solicitar que se investigaran los ataques aéreos como posibles crímenes de guerra. [326] Se encontraron bebés descompuestos en el Hospital Infantil Al-Nasr en el norte de Gaza, dos semanas después de su evacuación forzosa. [327] El Secretario de Defensa de Estados Unidos, Lloyd Austin, advirtió contra la sustitución de "una victoria táctica por una derrota estratégica" si Israel no trabaja para proteger a los civiles palestinos. [328] El Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos dijo que era demasiado pronto para evaluar definitivamente si Israel estaba prestando atención a los llamados para proteger a los civiles. [329]
El 6 de diciembre, Refaat Alareer , un destacado profesor y escritor de Gaza, fue asesinado en un ataque aéreo israelí. [330] Su poema, "Si debo morir", circuló ampliamente después de su muerte. [331]
Avance hacia el centro de Gaza (diciembre de 2023 – febrero de 2024)
Las FDI informaron que sus tropas habían llegado a los centros de Khan Yunis , Jabalia y Shuja'iyya , informando de los "combates más intensos" desde que comenzó la invasión de Gaza. [332] La intensificación de los bombardeos empujó a los civiles palestinos hacia el sur, a Rafah. [333] El 7 de diciembre, Israel detuvo a 150 hombres en la Franja de Gaza, y decenas más fueron detenidos el 10 de diciembre. Según Israel, las detenciones siguieron a una rendición masiva de militantes de Hamás. [334] [335] El New York Times informó que la declaración sobre la rendición de los combatientes de Hamás se hizo después de que se vieran en las redes sociales videos y fotos de "hombres desnudos hasta la ropa interior, sentados o arrodillados en el suelo, algunos atados y con los ojos vendados". [336] The Guardian informó que entre los que aparecían en las imágenes había civiles, incluido un periodista. El CICR dijo que estaba preocupado y enfatizó firmemente "la importancia de tratar a todos los detenidos con humanidad y dignidad, de conformidad con el derecho internacional humanitario". [337] La BBC informó que en un video de la aparente entrega de armas no se aclaraba si un hombre estaba "entregando" armas o simplemente moviéndolas como se le había ordenado, lo que sugiere que lo hizo para la cámara, en lugar de una entrega auténtica, y se desconoce si los individuos están involucrados con Hamás o con el ataque del 7 de octubre. [338] Haaretz informó que Israel creía que alrededor del 10% de las personas que aparecen en el video estaban afiliadas a Hamás y, a pesar de las declaraciones públicas de Israel, no se trató de una "entrega masiva" de Hamás. [339] Amnistía Internacional describió el trato dado a los detenidos el 7 de diciembre como una violación del derecho internacional. [340]
El 8 de diciembre, la Armada israelí disparó proyectiles de cañón de 20 mm contra las instalaciones del OOPS en Rafah. [307]
El 13 de diciembre, las Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel afirmaron que, desde que designaron una zona humanitaria para civiles en la Franja de Gaza el 18 de octubre, se habían disparado 116 cohetes desde allí hacia Israel, incluidos 38 que cayeron dentro de Gaza. [341] El Pentágono anunció el 9 de diciembre que la administración Biden había autorizado la venta de alrededor de 14.000 rondas de munición para tanques a Israel sin autorización del Congreso, utilizando poderes de emergencia. [342] El 29 de diciembre, lo hizo de nuevo con proyectiles de artillería y artículos relacionados por valor de 148 millones de dólares. [343]
El 15 de diciembre, las FDI anunciaron que habían matado a tres de sus propios rehenes por fuego amigo . "Identificaron por error a tres rehenes israelíes como una amenaza" durante las operaciones en Shuja'iyya y dispararon, matándolos. [344] [345] [346] Según un funcionario de las FDI el 16 de diciembre, estaban sin camisa y llevaban "un palo con un paño blanco encima" cuando un soldado israelí, que los declaró "terroristas" después de sentirse "amenazado", abrió fuego, matando a dos e hiriendo al tercero, que fue asesinado por refuerzos israelíes. [347] También el 16 de diciembre, un tanque de las FDI disparó contra el Convento de las Hermanas de la Madre Teresa, desplazando a las 54 personas discapacitadas que se refugiaban allí y dejando a algunas sin los respiradores que necesitaban para sobrevivir. Más tarde ese día, un francotirador de las FDI mató a dos mujeres que se refugiaban en el complejo. El Papa Francisco condenó el ataque, calificándolo de "terrorismo". [307]
Retirada del norte de Gaza (enero de 2024 – febrero de 2024)
Los ataques con cohetes de Hamás contra ciudades israelíes disminuyeron durante este período, con ataques notables en la víspera de Año Nuevo y el 29 de enero de 2024. [350] [351] El 8 de enero, un tanque israelí disparó contra una instalación claramente marcada de MSF que albergaba a 100 trabajadores humanitarios y sus familias, matando a una niña de 5 años. [307] El 15 de enero, el Ministro de Defensa israelí Yoav Gallant dijo que los combates más intensos en el norte de la Franja de Gaza habían terminado y que estaba a punto de comenzar una nueva fase de combates de baja intensidad. [352] El 13 de enero, un tanque israelí disparó contra un convoy de trabajadores de reparación de Paltel que regresaban a Rafah desde las oficinas centrales de Paltel en Khan Yunis. Dos murieron. El trabajo que completaron y la ruta que tomaron fueron aprobados previamente por COGAT . [353]
El 18 de enero, las FDI declararon que Hamás había comenzado a reconstruir sus ejércitos en las zonas anteriormente ocupadas del norte de Gaza. Las FDI habían dicho anteriormente que el control de Hamás sobre el norte de Gaza había sido "desmantelado", sin aportar ninguna prueba. [354] Un ataque aéreo israelí alcanzó un complejo residencial que albergaba a trabajadores humanitarios del Comité Internacional de Rescate y Ayuda Médica a los Palestinos en Al-Mawasi. Debido a la destrucción del complejo, seis trabajadores médicos de primera línea tuvieron que abandonar sus puestos y los cirujanos del IRC y del MAP se vieron obligados a suspender su trabajo en el Hospital Nasser. [307]
El 22 de enero, 24 soldados de las FDI murieron en el día más mortífero para las FDI desde que comenzó la invasión. De ellos, 21 murieron en un único incidente en el que militantes palestinos dispararon un RPG contra un tanque y los edificios adyacentes que los soldados estaban preparando para demoler, lo que provocó el derrumbe de los edificios. Los soldados de las FDI introdujeron minas terrestres en el edificio vacío para el proceso de demolición. No está claro si el derrumbe de los edificios se debió a la explosión primaria del RPG o a explosiones secundarias de minas terrestres. [355] [356] [357] El Primer Ministro Benjamin Netanyahu , el Ministro de Defensa Yoav Gallant y el Presidente Isaac Herzog lamentaron públicamente la pérdida. [358] [359] [360]
El 29 de enero, las fuerzas israelíes mataron a Hind Rajab y a seis miembros de su familia cuando el coche en el que viajaban fue alcanzado por un tanque israelí y, posteriormente, por disparos de ametralladora. Las FDI mataron posteriormente a dos trabajadores de rescate que intentaron rescatar a Rajab del coche de su familia. [361] La Media Luna Roja publicó el audio de la llamada telefónica de Rajab con los trabajadores de rescate, lo que provocó indignación internacional por su muerte. [362] El 31 de enero, las fuerzas israelíes bombardearon las oficinas de la agencia belga de desarrollo Enabel , destruyendo por completo el edificio, después de que Bélgica anunciara ese mismo día que no suspendería la financiación a la UNRWA. [307]
Preparativos para el ataque a Rafah (febrero de 2024 – marzo de 2024)
Durante febrero y principios de mayo de 2024, los preparativos israelíes para invadir Rafah se convirtieron en un tema dominante en la retórica pública de los funcionarios israelíes. En febrero, Israel declaró que su próximo objetivo sería la captura de Rafah . El 12 de febrero, Israel inició la campaña de bombardeos sobre Rafah . [363] El 5 de febrero, cañoneras israelíes bombardearon un convoy de la UNRWA claramente marcado, lo que obligó a la UNRWA a suspender sus operaciones durante casi 3 semanas, lo que afectó a 200.000 personas. [307] El 15 de febrero, The Wall Street Journal y The New York Times informaron que Egipto estaba construyendo un campo de refugiados para más de 100.000 personas al sur de Rafah, rodeado de muros de hormigón de cinco metros de altura. [364] [365] Sin embargo, el gobernador de la Gobernación del Sinaí del Norte , Mohamed Abdel-Fadil Shousha, negó estos rumores en una declaración publicada por Al Arabiya . [366] El 18 de febrero, Benny Gantz, miembro del gabinete de guerra israelí, advirtió que el 10 de marzo se lanzaría una ofensiva terrestre en Rafah a menos que Hamás liberara a todos los rehenes. Gantz añadió que Israel actuaría "de manera coordinada, facilitando la evacuación de civiles en diálogo con nuestros socios estadounidenses y egipcios para minimizar las bajas civiles". [367] El 20 de febrero, dos familiares de miembros del personal de MSF murieron cuando Israel bombardeó un refugio de MSF claramente identificado. [307]
El 29 de febrero, más de 100 palestinos murieron y 750 resultaron heridos durante la masacre de la harina cuando las fuerzas israelíes abrieron fuego contra los palestinos que esperaban ayuda alimentaria al suroeste de la ciudad de Gaza, y muchas víctimas fueron atropelladas por camiones según los relatos. [368] Los sobrevivientes lo describieron como una emboscada , afirmando que las fuerzas israelíes abrieron fuego cuando la gente se acercó a los camiones de ayuda, lo que provocó una huida de los disparos que se sumó al número de muertos. [369] [370] El 1 de marzo, Estados Unidos anunció que comenzaría una operación de lanzamiento aéreo de ayuda alimentaria a Gaza. [371] Algunos expertos calificaron los lanzamientos aéreos de performativos y afirmaron que no aliviarían la situación alimentaria. [372] Durante su discurso sobre el Estado de la Unión , Biden anunció una nueva iniciativa para proporcionar alimentos y medicamentos a Gaza por mar, estableciendo un puerto temporal en la costa de Gaza para permitir la entrega de ayuda. [373]
El 6 de marzo, Israel había completado una nueva carretera en Gaza que iba de este a oeste. Las FDI informaron que la carretera era una "ruta logística activa, mantenida constantemente durante la guerra". Su propósito era ser utilizada para la movilización de tropas y suministros, para conectar y defender las posiciones de las FDI en las calles al-Rashid y Salah al-Din, e impedir que la gente del sur de la Franja de Gaza regresara al norte. [374] El 9 de marzo, un empleado de Anera y su hijo de seis años murieron junto con varios vecinos cuando su casa fue alcanzada por un ataque aéreo. [307]
Segunda incursión en el hospital Al Shifa y retirada del sur de Gaza (marzo de 2024 – abril de 2024)
Las fuerzas israelíes volvieron a atacar el hospital de Al-Shifa entre el 18 de marzo y el 1 de abril. Las FDI se enfrentaron con Hamás en la zona. [375] Las fuerzas israelíes mataron a Faiq al-Mabhouh, de quien dijeron que era jefe de la dirección de operaciones del servicio de seguridad interna de Hamás. Hamás dijo que Al-Mabhouh estaba a cargo de la aplicación de la ley civil y que había estado involucrado en "actividades puramente civiles y humanitarias", [376] coordinando entregas de ayuda al norte de Gaza. [377] [378] Las agencias de noticias informaron que las FDI atacaron y detuvieron al corresponsal de Al-Jazeera Ismail al-Ghoul y a más de 80 personas más, incluido personal médico y otros periodistas, y confiscaron y destruyeron equipo de prensa. [379] [380] Al-Ghoul fue liberado al día siguiente, pero no pudo verificar el paradero de sus colegas. [381] [382] El Comité para la Protección de los Periodistas dijo que estaba "profundamente alarmado e indignado por los informes sobre la agresión a Ismail Al-Ghoul y otros periodistas mientras informaban sobre la ofensiva israelí en el hospital". [382]
Según las FDI, altos dirigentes de Hamás murieron durante los combates en el hospital, entre ellos Mahmoud Khalil Zakzuk, comandante adjunto de la unidad de cohetes de Hamás en la ciudad de Gaza, y Raad Thabet, jefe de reclutamiento y adquisición de suministros. [383] Los supervivientes de los acontecimientos en al-Shifa informaron de que los trabajadores del gobierno civil de Gaza estaban recibiendo sus salarios en el hospital antes de que fuera asaltado. [384] Las FDI dijeron que habían matado a 200 personas en el hospital y sus alrededores. La revista Time dijo que no había aportado "ninguna prueba de que todos fueran militantes". [385] La oficina de prensa de Gaza informó de que las fuerzas israelíes habían matado a 400 palestinos en los alrededores del hospital y habían dejado inutilizable la instalación médica, según Reuters. [386] Las fotos del hospital tras la retirada de las fuerzas israelíes mostraban sus "paredes destrozadas y el armazón ennegrecido" por el fuego. [387] Se encontraron cientos de cadáveres en los terrenos del hospital, y testigos palestinos describieron masacres. [388] Según un informe de Forensic Architecture, las fuerzas israelíes profanaron cementerios improvisados dentro del recinto del hospital y enterraron a los palestinos muertos durante la segunda invasión en fosas comunes utilizando excavadoras militares. [389]
Se informó que un comandante militar adjunto de Hamás, Marwan Issa, murió en un ataque aéreo a mediados de marzo. [390] El 23 de marzo, 19 palestinos fueron asesinados por las FDI mientras esperaban ayuda humanitaria en la rotonda de Kuwait en la ciudad de Gaza. [391] El 25 de marzo, el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU aprobó una resolución que pedía un alto el fuego inmediato en Gaza, que durara hasta el resto del Ramadán . Estados Unidos se abstuvo; todos los demás delegados votaron a favor. [392] Las actividades de las FDI en la Franja de Gaza se mantuvieron sin cambios después de la adopción de la resolución. [393] El 28 de marzo, las FDI dispararon y mataron a dos hombres desarmados en el centro de Gaza, antes de enterrarlos en la arena con excavadoras. [394] El Consejo de Relaciones Estadounidenses-Islámicas pidió una investigación de la ONU sobre el "atroz crimen de guerra". [395]
El 1 de abril, siete trabajadores humanitarios de World Central Kitchen , incluidos ciudadanos británicos, polacos , australianos e irlandeses , murieron en un ataque aéreo israelí al sur de Deir al-Balah . [396] [397] [398] World Central Kitchen dijo que sus vehículos estaban claramente marcados y que Israel conocía su ubicación. World Central Kitchen, ANERA y Project HOPE suspendieron sus operaciones en Gaza. 240 toneladas de ayuda de World Central Kitchen no se distribuyeron debido a su retirada. [397] [399] El 4 de abril, Israel abrió el cruce de Erez por primera vez desde el 7 de octubre después de la presión estadounidense. [400]
El 7 de abril, Israel se retiró del sur de la Franja de Gaza, y sólo quedó una brigada en el Corredor Netzarim, en el norte. [401] Los palestinos desplazados de esa ciudad comenzaron a regresar desde el sur de la Franja de Gaza. [402] Israel planeó iniciar su ofensiva terrestre en Rafah a mediados de abril, pero la pospuso para considerar su respuesta a los ataques iraníes contra Israel . [403] El 25 de abril, Israel intensificó los ataques contra Rafah antes de la invasión amenazada. [404] [405] El 5 de mayo, Hamás lanzó un ataque con cohetes desde Rafah hacia Kerem Shalom, matando a tres soldados israelíes. [406]
Ofensiva de Rafah (6 de mayo de 2024 – junio de 2024)
El 6 de mayo, las FDI ordenaron a los civiles en el este de Rafah que evacuaran a Al-Mawasi , al oeste de Khan Yunis, lo que afectó a unas 100.000 personas. [407] Más tarde ese día, Hamás anunció que había aceptado los términos de un alto el fuego negociado por Egipto y Qatar. [408] El acuerdo incluía un alto el fuego de seis semanas y el intercambio de prisioneros. [409] Sin embargo, Israel rechazó este acuerdo. [410] Israel respondió que los términos que Hamás había aceptado estaban "lejos de los requisitos básicos de Israel", pero que enviaría una delegación para seguir negociando "para agotar la posibilidad de llegar a un acuerdo en condiciones aceptables para Israel", mientras que la operación militar en Rafah continuaría mientras tanto para "ejercer presión militar sobre Hamás". [411] [412]
Horas después del anuncio de Hamás, Israel ordenó una serie de ataques aéreos sobre Rafah, mientras que el gabinete de guerra israelí votó a favor de invadir Rafah. [413] [414] Más tarde ese día, las FDI entraron en las afueras de Rafah y se acercaron al cruce de Rafah y a la frontera con Egipto. [413] [415] [416] El 7 de mayo, las FDI tomaron el control del lado de Gaza del cruce de Rafah, fronterizo con Egipto. [417] [418] Haaretz informó de que, mientras continuaban las conversaciones, Israel se comprometió con Egipto y los Estados Unidos a limitar los combates al cruce de Rafah y transferir el control de la zona a una empresa de seguridad estadounidense. Sin embargo, el Departamento de Estado y la Casa Blanca negaron tener conocimiento de este compromiso. [419] La semana anterior, Estados Unidos había suspendido un envío de bombas a Israel por temor a una ofensiva en Rafah, [420] y el 8 de mayo, el presidente estadounidense Joe Biden dijo que Estados Unidos dejaría de enviar armas a Israel si seguía adelante con una gran invasión de Rafah. [421] El 11 de mayo, las FDI ordenaron a más residentes que evacuaran el este y el centro de Rafah. [422] Para el 15 de mayo, se estima que 600.000 habían huido de Rafah y otras 100.000 del norte, según las Naciones Unidas. [423] El 24 de mayo, la Corte Internacional de Justicia dictaminó que "Israel debe detener inmediatamente su ofensiva militar y cualquier otra acción en la Gobernación de Rafah que pueda infligir al grupo palestino en Gaza condiciones de vida que puedan provocar su destrucción física total o parcial". [156] [424]
El 24 de mayo, las Naciones Unidas dijeron que sólo 906 camiones cargados de ayuda habían llegado a Gaza desde que comenzó la operación israelí en Rafah. [425] El 26 de mayo, Hamás disparó una andanada de cohetes hacia el centro de Israel por primera vez en meses. Israel bombardeó el campamento de desplazados de Tel al-Sultan en Rafah en un área designada por Israel como zona segura, matando al menos a 45 personas. Las FDI dijeron que el ataque alcanzó un "complejo militante" y mató a dos altos funcionarios de Hamás. [426] [427] [428] El bombardeo provocó una escaramuza entre soldados egipcios e israelíes en la frontera de Gaza en la que murió un soldado egipcio. [429] A pesar de la indignación mundial y los llamamientos de funcionarios gubernamentales de todo el mundo para detener su ofensiva en Rafah, menos de 48 horas después del ataque de Tel al-Sultan , el campamento de refugiados de Al-Mawasi , otra zona designada de evacuación civil, fue bombardeado, matando al menos a 21 personas, trece de ellas mujeres y niñas. [426] [430] [431] Las FDI negaron su participación en el ataque. [432] El 31 de mayo, Estados Unidos anunció un marco de alto el fuego para poner fin a la guerra. [433]
Continuación de las operaciones en toda Gaza (junio de 2024 – presente)
El 6 de junio, Israel bombardeó una escuela dirigida por las Naciones Unidas que albergaba a personas desplazadas en el campo de refugiados de Nuseirat , en el centro de Gaza, matando a decenas de palestinos. Dos días después, Israel llevó a cabo un ataque al campo de refugiados de Nuseirat que dio lugar al rescate de cuatro rehenes , donde los Estados Unidos proporcionaron asesoramiento e inteligencia a las fuerzas israelíes durante la incursión, a través de su "célula de rehenes" estacionada en Israel. [435] [436] El ataque resultó en la muerte de 274 palestinos. [437] El 23 de junio, el primer ministro israelí, Benjamin Netanyahu, dijo que estaba abierto a un acuerdo parcial con Hamás para devolver a algunos de los rehenes sin un alto el fuego permanente. Hamás dijo que cualquier acuerdo debería incluir un alto el fuego permanente y la retirada de las fuerzas israelíes. [438] [439] El 27 de junio, las fuerzas israelíes volvieron a invadir el barrio de al-Shuja'iyya . [440]
En agosto de 2024, casi el 84% de Gaza estaba bajo órdenes de evacuación de Israel. [457] El 1 de agosto, tres misiles israelíes presuntamente dirigidos contra militantes de Hamás mataron al menos a 15 personas en un refugio para civiles desplazados en la ciudad de Gaza. [458] [459] Dos días después, al menos 17 palestinos murieron en dos ataques aéreos israelíes en una escuela convertida en refugio en la ciudad de Gaza. [460] [461] El 4 de agosto, al menos cinco palestinos murieron en un bombardeo israelí de tiendas de campaña fuera del Hospital de los Mártires de Al-Aqsa [462] [463] [464] y dos ataques aéreos israelíes dirigidos contra refugios en la ciudad de Gaza mataron al menos a 30 palestinos. [465] El 8 de agosto, al menos 15 palestinos murieron en el bombardeo israelí de dos escuelas que albergaban a palestinos desplazados en la Franja de Gaza. [466] Dos días después, al menos 80 palestinos murieron en ataques aéreos israelíes contra una escuela utilizada como refugio por palestinos desplazados en la ciudad de Gaza. [467] El 17 de agosto, tres misiles israelíes alcanzaron un almacén utilizado como refugio por una familia desplazada en Az-Zawayda , matando a 16 palestinos. Un ataque aéreo israelí alcanzó una casa en Deir al-Balah, matando al menos a cuatro personas. [468] El 20 de agosto, Israel atacó una escuela que albergaba a palestinos desplazados en la ciudad de Gaza, matando al menos a 12 personas. [469] [470] El 21 de agosto, las fuerzas israelíes llevaron a cabo un bombardeo en la ciudad de Hamad , matando a diez palestinos. [471] El 24 de agosto, un bombardeo israelí en la zona de al-Katiba de Khan Yunis mató al menos a 11 personas. [472] Aparecieron imágenes de un dron israelí que mostraban la destrucción de la Gran Mezquita de Khan Yunis. [473] El 29 de agosto, un ataque aéreo israelí contra un convoy de ayuda de Anera que se dirigía al Hospital de la Media Luna Roja de los Emiratos mató a cuatro palestinos. [307]
El 30 de agosto, Israel y Hamás acordaron hacer una pausa en los combates en el centro de Gaza durante tres días, luego en el sur de Gaza durante tres días y luego en el norte de Gaza durante tres días desde las 06:00 am hasta las 3:00 pm en una zona designada para la vacunación contra la polio a partir del 31 de agosto. Israel y Hamás también acordaron extender la pausa en los combates en tres zonas separadas hasta el cuarto día si fuera necesario. [474] [475] Las FDI dijeron que su 98ª división se retiró de Khan Yunis y Deir el-Balah después de su operación de un mes , matando a más de 250 militantes palestinos y destruyendo docenas de sitios militantes. [476] Un ataque israelí contra un convoy de ayuda a Rafah mató a cuatro palestinos. [477] El 1 de septiembre, un bombardeo israelí en una escuela que albergaba a palestinos desplazados mató a 11 personas. [478] El 4 de septiembre, el Director General de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, dijo que las vacunaciones continuarían en "cuatro sitios fijos en el centro de Gaza durante tres días más". [479] Las FDI afirmaron haber matado a 200 militantes y descubierto docenas de armas en Tel al-Sultan en una semana en su operación en Rafah . [480] El 6 de septiembre, el Ministerio de Salud de Gaza dijo que Israel estaba obstaculizando las vacunaciones contra la polio al negarse a coordinar la entrada de equipos médicos en el sur de la Franja de Gaza. [481] El 8 de septiembre, el Ministerio de Salud de Gaza extendió la vacunación contra la polio en el sur de Gaza por un día más. [482] El 10 de septiembre, una serie de ataques con misiles israelíes contra un campamento de tiendas de campaña en Al-Mawasi mataron al menos a 19 a 40 personas, hirieron a más de 60 personas y atraparon a varias personas bajo los escombros. [483] [484] [485] Los soldados israelíes detuvieron a miembros del personal de las Naciones Unidas que trabajaban en la campaña de vacunación contra la polio en el norte de Gaza, los mantuvieron a punta de pistola y dañaron vehículos de las Naciones Unidas con excavadoras. Debido a este incidente, el comisionado del OOPS, Philippe Lazzarini, dijo que el futuro del programa de vacunación de las Naciones Unidas en el norte de Gaza era incierto. [486]
El 10 de septiembre, Gallant afirmó que el brazo armado de Hamás había dejado de existir como formación militar organizada y que ahora estaba involucrado en una insurgencia contra las FDI. Más tarde, afirmó que el gobierno israelí planeaba cambiar su enfoque a las operaciones militares en el norte de Israel contra Hezbolá. [487] Hamás negó la afirmación. [488] El 11 de septiembre de 2024, un ataque aéreo israelí contra una casa familiar en el este de Khan Yunis mató al menos a 13 palestinos. [489] Un helicóptero UH-60 Black Hawk de la IAF se estrelló en Rafah mientras intentaba evacuar a un ingeniero de combate gravemente herido , matando a dos soldados israelíes e hiriendo a otros siete. [490] Un ataque aéreo israelí contra una escuela administrada por la UNRWA convertida en refugio en el campo de refugiados de Nuseirat mató al menos a 18 personas, incluidos seis miembros del personal de la UNRWA, e hirió al menos a 44 personas. [491] [492] [493] El 12 de septiembre de 2024, las FDI afirmaron que habían desmantelado la brigada de Hamás en Rafah. También afirmaron haber matado al menos a 2.308 militantes, destruido más de 13 km (8 millas) de túneles y matado a casi 250 militantes en Tal as-Sultan en su operación en Rafah en las últimas semanas, incluido un comandante de batallón y la mayoría de la cadena de mando. [494] [495] El 14 de septiembre, un ataque israelí contra una casa en el barrio de Tuffah de la ciudad de Gaza mató al menos a 11 palestinos. [496] El 16 de septiembre, un ataque israelí contra una casa en el campo de refugiados de Nuseirat mató a 10 palestinos e hirió a 15 personas. [497] [498] El comisionado de la UNRWA, Philippe Lazzarini, dijo que la primera fase de la vacunación contra la polio fue un éxito y llegó al 90% de los niños. [499] El 21 de septiembre, un ataque aéreo israelí contra la escuela Zeitoun en la ciudad de Gaza mató al menos a 21 palestinos e hirió al menos a 30 personas. [500] [501] [502] El 23 de septiembre, un ataque aéreo israelí contra el campamento de refugiados de Nuseirat mató a 11 palestinos. [503] El 25 de septiembre, Israel devolvió 88 cadáveres a Gaza en un camión contenedor, sin proporcionar información sobre los nombres, las edades o el lugar donde habían sido asesinadas las víctimas. Los funcionarios de salud del Hospital Nasser se negaron a enterrar los cadáveres hasta que fueran identificados. [504] El 26 de septiembre, un ataque israelí contra una escuela convertida en refugio en Jabalia mató al menos a 15 palestinos e hirió a otros. [505] [506]
Otros enfrentamientos
Hezbolá en el sur del Líbano y el movimiento Houthi en Yemen han lanzado ataques limitados contra Israel, lo que hace temer un conflicto militar regional más amplio. Las milicias apoyadas por Irán en Irak y Siria también han intercambiado ataques con los Estados Unidos y las Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel. [507] Israel ha bombardeado objetivos en Damasco y sus alrededores durante toda la guerra, [508] [509] [510] con un ataque a la embajada iraní en Damasco el 1 de abril que llevó a una respuesta iraní directa. [511] Irán lanzó una serie de ataques aéreos de represalia contra Israel. [511] [512] Más de 100 palestinos han muerto en enfrentamientos con soldados y colonos israelíes en Cisjordania desde el 7 de octubre. La violencia de los colonos ha sido duramente criticada por las Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel. [513] [514]
Amnistía Internacional publicó un informe [515] el 5 de febrero de 2024 en el que afirma que Israel está llevando a cabo homicidios ilegítimos en Cisjordania y mostrando "un escalofriante desprecio por las vidas palestinas" y que las fuerzas israelíes están llevando a cabo numerosos actos ilegales de violencia que constituyen claras violaciones del derecho internacional. [516] [517]
Incluso antes de la guerra, 2023 fue el año más mortífero para los palestinos en la Cisjordania ocupada por Israel en 20 años. La violencia en Cisjordania ha aumentado desde que comenzó la guerra, con más de 607 palestinos y más de 25 israelíes muertos. [518] [519] Al mismo tiempo, la violencia de los colonos israelíes aumentó aún más hasta unos 1.270 ataques, frente a los 856 de todo 2022. [520] Unos 1.000 palestinos han sido desplazados por la fuerza por los colonos desde el 7 de octubre y casi la mitad de los enfrentamientos han incluido "fuerzas israelíes que acompañan o apoyan activamente a los colonos israelíes mientras llevan a cabo los ataques", según un informe de la ONU. [521] Según el Consorcio para la Protección de Cisjordania, financiado por la Unión Europea, desde los ataques del 7 de octubre seis comunidades palestinas han sido abandonadas debido a la violencia. [522]
El 10 de octubre, los enfrentamientos entre palestinos y fuerzas israelíes habían dejado 15 palestinos muertos, incluidos dos en Jerusalén Oriental. [523] El 11 de octubre, colonos israelíes atacaron la aldea de Qusra , matando a cuatro palestinos. Un niño de 16 años fue asesinado a tiros por las FDI en Bani Na'im , mientras que otra persona fue asesinada a tiros por las FDI cerca de Belén . [524] El 12 de octubre, dos palestinos murieron después de que colonos israelíes interrumpieran una procesión fúnebre por palestinos muertos en ataques anteriores de colonos y abrieran fuego. [525] [526] [527]
El 18 de octubre, estallaron protestas por la explosión del Hospital Árabe Al-Ahli, con enfrentamientos reportados en Ramallah . [528] En Jenin , una niña de 12 años fue asesinada a tiros por fuego cruzado de las fuerzas de seguridad de la Autoridad Palestina, y otro joven fue herido por fuerzas de la AP en Tubas . Un palestino murió en enfrentamientos con fuerzas israelíes en Nabi Salih , y otros 30 resultaron heridos en Cisjordania. [529] El 19 de octubre, más de 60 miembros de Hamas fueron arrestados y 12 personas murieron en incursiones israelíes nocturnas en Cisjordania. Entre los arrestados se encontraba el portavoz del movimiento en Cisjordania, Hassan Yousef . [530]
El 22 de octubre, Israel atacó la mezquita de al-Ansar en el campo de refugiados de Yenín, afirmando que había matado a varios "agentes terroristas" de Hamás y la Jihad Islámica que estaban planeando ataques en el interior sin proporcionar pruebas. [531] A los pocos días, Ayser Mohammad Al-Amer, un alto comandante de la Jihad Islámica Palestina, murió durante un enfrentamiento con las FDI en el campo de refugiados de Yenín. [532] El 31 de octubre, las FDI se enfrentaron a Hamás en los alrededores de Shuweika . [533]
El 1 de noviembre, Issa Amro dijo que la situación en Cisjordania se había vuelto "muy difícil", señalando que "todos los puestos de control están cerrados. Los colonos y soldados israelíes están actuando violentamente con los palestinos". [534] La Oficina de las Naciones Unidas para la Coordinación de Asuntos Humanitarios advirtió que la violencia de los colonos israelíes contra los palestinos estaba aumentando. [535]
El 20 de abril, catorce palestinos murieron en enfrentamientos durante una incursión israelí en Cisjordania. Fuentes palestinas identificaron a una de las víctimas como un militante [536] , mientras que Israel afirmó que 14 hombres armados habían muerto [537] .
En julio de 2024, las autoridades israelíes aprobaron la confiscación de 12,7 kilómetros cuadrados de tierra en la Cisjordania ocupada. Según Peace Now , se trata de la mayor confiscación individual aprobada desde los acuerdos de Oslo de 1993. [538] El 4 de julio, las autoridades israelíes aprobaron planes para construir casi 5.300 nuevas viviendas en la Cisjordania ocupada. [539]
El 7 de agosto, Wafa informó que las fuerzas israelíes destruyeron la sede regional de Fatah en el campamento de Balata . [540] [541]
El 14 de agosto, el Gobierno israelí aprobó nuevos asentamientos en la Cisjordania ocupada. [542] [543]
El 28 de agosto, Israel lanzó la mayor operación militar en el norte de Cisjordania en más de 20 años. El Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores israelí, Israel Katz, dijo que la operación era una "guerra en toda regla". [544] Las fuerzas israelíes llevaron a cabo operaciones simultáneas en Yenín, Tubas, Nablus, Ramallah y Tulkarem. En Yenín, las fuerzas israelíes devastaron la infraestructura civil con municiones antitanque y excavadoras blindadas, incendiaron el mercado de agricultores de Yenín y llevaron a cabo detenciones masivas de hombres y niños. Los civiles quedaron atrapados en sus casas y se les negó el acceso a alimentos, agua y medicinas. A los miembros de la prensa se les negó el acceso a la ciudad mientras se desarrollaba la operación. Los testigos presenciales también informaron del uso de detenidos palestinos como escudos humanos y del uso de perros de ataque contra familias civiles. El ejército bloqueó el acceso a hospitales y ambulancias. [545] El 29 de agosto, el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, Antonio Guterres, exigió el cese de las operaciones. [546] El responsable de política exterior de la UE, Josep Borrell , dijo que las operaciones "no deben constituir las premisas de una extensión de la guerra desde Gaza, incluida la destrucción a gran escala". [547] El 3 de septiembre, los medios israelíes informaron de que las FDI habían clasificado Cisjordania como "zona de combate" y ahora la consideraban el segundo frente más importante de la guerra. [548] [549] Yoav Gallant dijo que Israel estaba " cortando el césped " con sus operaciones en Cisjordania, pero que con el tiempo tendría que "arrancar las raíces". [550] El 6 de septiembre, el manifestante turco-estadounidense Ayşenur Eygi fue asesinado por un francotirador israelí en una manifestación cerca de Nablus. [551]
Asentamientos israelíes
Los colonos israelíes han aprovechado la guerra en curso para ampliar la actividad de asentamiento con el apoyo de un gobierno israelí de extrema derecha , [552] [520] [553] incluida la confiscación de tierras y planes de asentamiento a gran escala. [554] En 2024, las confiscaciones de tierras israelíes superaron el total combinado de los 20 años anteriores. [555]
Ataques en Israel
El 30 de noviembre, dos palestinos armados mataron a tres civiles israelíes e hirieron a once en una parada de autobús en el intercambiador de Givat Shaul , en Jerusalén. Hamás se atribuyó la responsabilidad del hecho. [556]
El 16 de febrero de 2024, un palestino armado disparó y mató a dos civiles israelíes e hirió a otros cuatro en Kiryat Malakhi (Israel). El tirador fue abatido por un reservista de las Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel que se encontraba fuera de servicio en el lugar de los hechos. [557]
El 12 de abril de 2024, un pastor israelí de 14 años fue asesinado y el 16 de abril de 2024, dos palestinos fueron asesinados por colonos israelíes en Aqraba . [558]
El 13 de mayo, en el puesto de control de Tarqumiya, un convoy de camiones que transportaba alimentos a Gaza fue atacado por colonos israelíes, que dañaron los camiones y arrojaron los suministros al suelo. [559]
Prisiones y campos de detención israelíes
Desde el comienzo de la guerra, Israel ha aumentado drásticamente el uso de la detención administrativa contra palestinos de Cisjordania y Gaza, así como contra ciudadanos palestinos de Israel. Antes de octubre de 2023, la detención administrativa ya había alcanzado su nivel más alto en 20 años. [560] Al menos 60 palestinos han muerto en detención israelí desde el 7 de octubre. [561]
En diciembre de 2023, las Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel convirtieron una base militar en Sde Teiman , en el desierto del Néguev, en un campo de detención. Los denunciantes y los detenidos han denunciado palizas y torturas a detenidos palestinos en el campo, así como amputaciones de miembros debido a lesiones sufridas al esposarlos, negligencia médica, castigos arbitrarios y abusos sexuales. Se ha presionado a los presos para que confiesen bajo coacción que son miembros de Hamás. [562] [563] [564] Después de que las condiciones en el campo salieran a la luz en mayo de 2024, el Tribunal Supremo de Israel celebró una audiencia y las Fuerzas de Defensa de Israel comenzaron a trasladar a 1.200 de los prisioneros a la prisión de Ofer . [565] Los detenidos han denunciado graves casos de violencia durante los traslados entre prisiones. [561] [566]
Varios trabajadores sanitarios palestinos han sido secuestrados en hospitales de Gaza durante asedios por parte de fuerzas israelíes. [566] El 25 de marzo, fuerzas israelíes secuestraron al Dr. Khaled Alser, autor principal del primer artículo de The Lancet sobre traumas entre pacientes y médicos de urgencias de Gaza, en el Hospital Nasser. Al 31 de agosto, seguía detenido y se desconocía su paradero. [567]
El 29 de julio de 2024, la policía militar hizo una redada en Sde Teiman para detener a diez soldados "sospechosos de haber cometido graves abusos sexuales" contra un detenido palestino. Itamar Ben-Gvir y otros miembros del partido Otzma Yehudit condenaron las detenciones. [562] Los partidarios de extrema derecha de los soldados detenidos, entre ellos Ben Gvir, Amihai Eliyahu , Zvi Sukkot y Nissim Vaturi, irrumpieron en Sde Teiman esa noche en señal de protesta. Horas más tarde, los manifestantes irrumpieron en Beit Lid, donde se encontraban detenidos los soldados. [568]
A lo largo de la frontera entre Israel y el Líbano se produjeron una serie de enfrentamientos fronterizos . El 8 de octubre, Hezbolá lanzó un ataque de artillería contra posiciones israelíes en las granjas de Shebaa ; esto fue respondido con represalias inmediatas. [569] [570] Desde entonces se han producido escaramuzas todos los días, que se han extendido a los Altos del Golán ocupados . Los enfrentamientos dieron lugar a la muerte de más de 513 militantes libaneses y más de 25 soldados israelíes, [571] [572] así como a más de 294 civiles libaneses, más de 25 civiles sirios y más de 27 civiles israelíes, [573] [574] un soldado del ejército libanés, [575] y al desplazamiento de más de 500.000 personas en el Líbano y más de 96.000 más en Israel. [576] [577] La incapacidad de los israelíes para regresar a los asentamientos y hogares en el norte del país llevó a Antony Blinken a afirmar que Israel había efectivamente "perdido la soberanía en el cuadrante norte de su país". [578] El intercambio de ataques en curso entre Israel y Hezbolá corre el riesgo de escalar hasta convertirse en una guerra a gran escala. [159] El 27 de julio de 2024, se produjo el ataque de Majdal Shams , que mató a 12 niños en la zona de los Altos del Golán. [579] [580] El ataque, que fue llevado a cabo por Hezbolá según Israel y los EE. UU., marcó una gran escalada de las hostilidades y abrió el debate sobre una guerra más amplia con el Líbano. Hezbolá negó la responsabilidad del ataque. [581] El 17 de septiembre de 2024, al menos 12 personas murieron y miles más, incluidos miembros de Hezbolá y civiles, resultaron heridos en el Líbano y Siria tras múltiples explosiones atribuidas a buscapersonas utilizados por Hezbolá para evitar que sus miembros fueran atacados por señales de teléfonos móviles. Entre los heridos se encontraba el embajador iraní en el Líbano, Mojtaba Amani . [582] [583] [584] El 18 de septiembre de 2024, se produjo una segunda serie de explosiones que involucraron dispositivos de comunicación de Hezbolá en todo el Líbano. [585] El 20 de septiembre, Israel lanzó un ataque aéreo en Dahieh , Beirut, dirigido contra el comandante de operaciones de Hezbolá, Ibrahim Aqil . Al menos 45 personas, [586]incluyendo a Aqil, el alto comandante de Hezbolá Ahmed Mahmoud Wahabi, otros 13 militantes de alto rango de Hezbolá, tres niños y siete mujeres fueron asesinados, mientras que otras 68 personas resultaron heridas. [587] [588] [589] El 21 de septiembre, las FDI afirmaron haber "desmantelado casi por completo" la cadena de mando militar de Hezbolá. [590] Entre el 19 y el 22 de septiembre, Hezbolá lanzó múltiples ataques con cohetes contra Israel hiriendo a varios civiles y dañando la infraestructura. [591] [592] Hezbolá también dijo que tuvo como objetivo bases aéreas israelíes, bases de inteligencia y un tanque. [593] El 23 de septiembre, Israel llevó a cabo más de 1.600 ataques en su ataque más letal contra el Líbano desde 2006, [594] matando al menos a 558 personas e hiriendo a más de 1.835 más, incluidos niños, mujeres y paramédicos según el Ministerio de Salud libanés. [595] [596] [597] Hezbolá lanzó más de 300 cohetes contra Israel el mismo día. [598] [599] El 26 de septiembre, un ataque israelí contra un edificio de tres pisos en Younine mató al menos a 19 sirios y un libanés, en su mayoría mujeres o niños, e hirió a otros ocho. [600] [601] El 27 de septiembre, las FDI dijeron que atacaron la sede central de Hezbolá en Beirut, apuntando al líder de Hezbolá, Hassan Nasrallah . [602] Al-Manar informó que cuatro edificios se derrumbaron en el ataque. Seis personas, incluido el objetivo, murieron y al menos 100 resultaron heridas. [603] [604] [605] El 28 de septiembre, la Agencia Nacional de Noticias Libanesa informó que los ataques de las FDI alcanzaron centros de defensa civil y una clínica médica en Taybeh y Deir Siriane, matando a 11 miembros del personal médico e hiriendo a otros 10. [606] El 29 de septiembre, un ataque aéreo israelí contra una casa en Dahr-al-Ain mató al menos a 11 personas. [607] [608] La Agencia Nacional de Noticias del Líbano informó que al menos 17 miembros de una familia murieron y varios más quedaron atrapados bajo los escombros en un ataque aéreo israelí en Zboud. [609] Un ataque israelí en Ain El Delb mató al menos a 32 personas e hirió a otras 29. [610]
Yemen y el Mar Rojo
Ataques hutíes a buques comerciales en el estrecho de Bab-el-Mandeb
Se cree que varios ataques contra Israel y barcos comerciales en el Mar Rojo fueron lanzados por militantes hutíes respaldados por Irán en Yemen . [611] [612] [613] El 19 de octubre, el destructor de la Armada de los Estados Unidos USS Carney derribó varios misiles que viajaban hacia el norte sobre el Mar Rojo hacia Israel. [614] El 31 de octubre, el portavoz militar hutí Yahya Saree dijo que el grupo había lanzado misiles balísticos y drones hacia Israel, y que continuarían haciéndolo "para ayudar a los palestinos a obtener la victoria" [615] en un evento que ha sido tergiversado en algunos sitios de noticias como una declaración de guerra por parte de Yemen. [616] El 19 de noviembre, las tensiones aumentaron cuando el Galaxy Leader , un buque de carga fletado por una empresa de logística japonesa con 25 personas a bordo, fue secuestrado por los hutíes utilizando un helicóptero Mil Mi-17 . [617]
El 3 de diciembre, los hutíes afirmaron que habían atacado dos barcos, el Unity Explorer y el Number 9 , supuestamente vinculados a Israel, con el fin de "impedir que los barcos israelíes naveguen por el Mar Rojo". [618] [619] Cualquier barco destinado a Israel, según el grupo, era un "objetivo legítimo". Saree anunció en una publicación en X que las "horribles masacres" contra los palestinos en Gaza fueron la razón de esta decisión y que no se detendrán hasta que la Franja de Gaza sea abastecida con alimentos y medicinas. El asesor de seguridad nacional israelí, Tzachi Hanegbi, calificó este desarrollo como un "problema global" y que Israel está "dando al mundo algo de tiempo para organizarse con el fin de prevenir esto" de lo contrario, el país "actuaría para eliminar este asedio naval". [620]
El 19 de julio, un ataque con aviones no tripulados hutíes provocó una gran explosión que mató a una persona e hirió al menos a 10 cerca de la embajada de Estados Unidos en Tel Aviv. [621] El 20 de julio, aviones israelíes atacaron instalaciones militares y depósitos de petróleo en el puerto de Hodeidah en respuesta, matando al menos a 6 personas e hiriendo al menos a 83 personas. [622]
Irak
Since November 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq has claimed responsibility for drone and missile attacks against targets within Israel in retaliation for Israeli attacks on Palestinian civilians in Gaza. The group stated it would continue to "strike enemy strongholds". Strikes were recorded in Eilat,[623] the Dead Sea coastline,[624][625] the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights,[626] the Karish rig,[627]Haifa Bay,[628]Ashdod,[629]Kiryat Shmona,[630]Tel Aviv,[631][632] and in Elifelet.[633]
In late January, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq announced it had entered its second phase of operations which included blockading the Mediterranean maritime routes to Israeli ports and disabling the ports.[629] Since then, the group has launched joint military operations on Israel with the Yemeni Houthis and has consistently targeted ships in Haifa port in coordination.[634][635]
Syria
On 10 October 2023, Israel exchanged rocket and mortar fire with forces in southern Syria. On 12 October, Israel bombed the Damascus and Aleppo airports ahead of a visit to Syria by Iranian foreign minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian.[508] Since 2024, Israel has continued to launch airstrikes at targets in Syria, including in Damascus[510] and Aleppo.[636] Some of its targets include officials and locations associated with Iran such as members of the Quds Force[637] and the Iranian consulate in Damascus.[638][639] On 13 July 2024, one soldier was killed and three other people were injured in Israeli strikes in and around Damascus.[640] On 27 September 2024, Israeli forces struck the Lebanon-Syria border, killing five Syrian soldiers and injuring another.[641]
Iran
On 24 November 2023, a suspected Iranian drone attacked the CMA CGM Symi, owned by Eastern Pacific Shipping, whose principal is Israeli, in the Indian Ocean, according to a US defense official. An anonymous source said the drone was suspected to have been a Shahed-136 drone. The attack caused damage to the ship but did not injure any of the crew.[642]
In December, the US military was reportedly looking to build a maritime task force to protect trade against Iranian harassment.[643]
On 23 December, a suspected Iranian drone attacked the Israel-affiliated oil tanker MV Chem Pluto in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Gujarat. The attack did not harm any of its 20 crew members, but caused a fire that was extinguished. The vessel was reportedly carrying Saudi oil to Mangalore, India.[644]
On 13 April, following an Israeli airstrike on its consulate building in Damascus, Syria on 1 April,[645] Iran launched Operation True Promise,[646] a series of retaliatory airstrikes on Israel,[511][512] attacking the country from Iranian soil for the first time.[647] On the same day, the IRGC Navy boarded the Portuguese-registered and Madeira-flagged container ship MSC Aries in the Strait of Hormuz via helicopter, and directed it to Iranian territory for "violating maritime law". The ship is leased by MSC from Gortal Shipping, an affiliate of Zodiac Maritime, whose principal is Israeli.[648][649]
Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh
On 31 July, Hamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh was assassinated in Tehran, where he had traveled to attend the inauguration of President Masoud Pezeshkian. Iranian media said an Israeli strike took place at 02:00 and targeted a residence for war veterans in North Tehran, where Haniyeh was staying.[650]
Casualties
UN OCHA casualties summary, as of 19 June 2024Palestinian man surrounded by body bags in Jabalia refugee camp
As of 23 September 2024[update], over 43,000 people (41,431 Palestinian[651] and 1,706 Israeli)[668] have been reported as killed in the Israel–Hamas war, including 116 journalists according to the Committee to Protect Journalists (111 Palestinian, 2 Israeli and 3 Lebanese)[669], 134 journalists and media workers according to the International Federation of Journalists (127 Palestinian, 4 Israeli and 3 Lebanese)[670] and over 224 humanitarian aid workers, including 179 employees of UNRWA.[671]
The vast majority of casualties have been in the Gaza Strip where, according to a PCPSR report, over 60% of Gazans have lost family members since 7 October 2023.[672] The death tolls reported by the UN OCHA come from Gaza Health Ministry (GHM).[673] The casualty total includes all reported deaths, while the demographic breakdown uses only casualties with associated identities.[674] The GHM published on 17 September 2024 the names, gender and birth date of of 34,344 individual Palestinians whose identities were confirmed. This reflects more than 80% of the reported casualties reported so far; of these, 60% were not men of fighting age.[675] The GHM count does not include those who have died from "preventable disease, malnutrition and other consequences of the war".[676] An analysis by the Gaza Health Projections Working Group predicted thousands of excess deaths from disease and birth complications.[677]
The 7 October attacks on Israel killed 1,139 people, including 815 civilians.[678] A further 251 persons were taken hostage during the initial attack on Israel to the Gaza Strip.[679][680][681] A further 479 Palestinians, including 116 children, and 9 Israelis have been killed in the occupied West Bank (including East Jerusalem).[651] Casualties have also occurred in other parts of Israel, as well as in southern Lebanon,[682]Syria,[683]Yemen,[684] and Iran.[685]
According to the Israeli Ministry of Defense's Rehabilitation Division, every month about 1,000 soldiers suffer casualties.[686] On 14 August 2024, the ministry predicted that it would have to account for 100,000 disabled IDF veterans by 2030 due to the war.[687]
Humanitarian crisis
Residents inspect the ruins of an apartment in Gaza destroyed by Israeli airstrikes
The Gaza Strip is experiencing a humanitarian crisis as a result of the Israel–Hamas war.[688][689] The crisis includes both a famine and a healthcare collapse. At the start of the war, Israel tightened its blockade on the Gaza Strip, which has resulted in significant shortages of fuel, food, medication, water, and essential medical supplies.[688][690][691] This siege resulted in a 90% drop in electricity availability, impacting hospital power supplies, sewage plants, and shutting down the desalination plants that provide drinking water.[692] Widespread disease outbreaks have spread across Gaza.[689]
Heavy bombardment by Israeli airstrikes caused catastrophic damage to Gaza's infrastructure, further deepening the crisis. Direct attacks on telecommunications infrastructure by Israel, electricity blockades and fuel shortages caused the near-total collapse of Gaza's largest cell network providers.[693][694][695] Lack of internet access has obstructed Gazan citizens from communicating with loved ones, learning of IDF operations, and identifying both the areas most exposed to bombing and possible escape routes.[693] The blackouts have also impeded emergency services, making it more difficult to locate and access the time-critical injured,[693] and have impeded humanitarian aid agencies and journalists as well.[693] By December 2023, 200,000 Gazans (approximately 10% of the population) had received internet access through an eSIM provided by Connecting Humanity.[696]
The Gaza Health Ministry reported over 4,000 children killed in the war's first month.[697] UN Secretary General António Guterres stated Gaza had "become a graveyard for children."[aa][700][701] Indirect Palestinian deaths are expected to be much higher due to the intensity of the conflict, destruction of health care infrastructure, lack of food, water, shelter, and safe places for civilians to flee, and reduction in UNRWA funding, with one Lancet study stating that the death toll in Gaza, including future deaths indirectly caused by the war, might exceed 186,000.[702][703] Organizations such as Doctors Without Borders, the Red Cross, and a joint statement by UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the UN Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund, and World Food Programme have warned of a dire humanitarian collapse.[704][705][706] On 8 November, UN Human Rights chief Volker Türk described the Rafah Crossing as "gates to a living nightmare."[707]
On 30 July 2024, the Gaza Health Ministry announced a polio epidemic in Gaza.[708] After 44 days the World Health Organization reported reaching the target of polio vaccination for children of the Gaza strip.[709] Water consumption now averages 4.74 liters a day pro capita, 95.53 liters short of the WHO-mandated minimum.[710]
Scale of destruction
Rimal in Gaza City following an Israeli airstrike, 10 October 2023
The scale, extent, and pace of destruction of buildings in the Gaza Strip ranks among the most severe in modern history,[711][712][713] surpassing the bombing of Dresden, Hamburg, and London combined during World War II.[714][715][716] The 29,000 munitions—shells and bombs—that Israel had dropped on Gaza in three months greatly exceed the amount (3,678) dropped by the United States between 2004 and 2010 after its invasion of Iraq.[717] After seven months, Israel's war left 37 million tonnes of rubble, much of it with unexploded bombs and averaging 300 kilograms of rubble per square metre of Gaza, with an estimated removal time of 14 years.[718] The estimated extent of the destruction ranges from 35% of all buildings (March 2024, UNITAR)[719][720] to 70% (December 2023, The Wall Street Journal),[716] with a higher level of destruction in northern Gaza.[721][722] The damage to buildings in northern Gaza reportedly exceeds that in Bakhmut and Mariupol in the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[715] Aleppo in the Battle of Aleppo,[711] and Mosul and Raqqa in the War against the Islamic State;[711] by 5 December 2023, the percentage of buildings damaged or destroyed in Gaza exceeded Dresden and Cologne during World War II and approached the level of destruction seen in Hamburg.[715][723] Bombing has destroyed or damaged apartment buildings, hospitals, schools, religious sites, factories, and shopping centers.[716]The Guardian reported that the scale of destruction has led international legal experts to raise the concept of domicide, which it describes as "the mass destruction of dwellings to make [a] territory uninhabitable".[712]
War crimes
A UN Commission to the Israel–Palestine conflict stated that there is "clear evidence that war crimes may have been committed in the latest explosion of violence in Israel and Gaza, and all those who have violated international law and targeted civilians must be held accountable."[724][725][726] On 27 October, a spokesperson for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) called for an independent court to review potential war crimes committed by both sides.[727]
On 7 June 2024, both Israel and Hamas were added to the list of shame, an annex attached to an annual report submitted by the UN Secretary-General documenting rights violations against children in armed conflict. While past reports accused Israel of grave rights violations against children, the country was never included in the annex.[733][734][735]
The report found that the military wing of Hamas and six other Palestinian armed groups are responsible for the war crimes of intentionally directing attacks against civilians, murder or willful killing, torture, inhuman or cruel treatment, destroying or seizing the property of an adversary, outrages upon personal dignity, and taking hostages, including children.[737][738] In relation to IDF operations and attacks in Gaza, the commission concluded that Israeli authorities are responsible for the war crimes of starvation as a method of warfare, murder or willful killing, intentionally directing attacks against civilians and civilian objects, forcible transfer, sexual violence, torture and inhuman or cruel treatment, arbitrary detention and outrages upon personal dignity. It also found that Israel committed numerous crimes against humanity, including carrying out the extermination of Palestinians and gender persecution targeting Palestinian men and boys.[739][740][741] The commission said that they had submitted 7,000 pieces of evidence to the International Criminal Court related to crimes committed by Israel and Hamas, as part of the International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine.[742]
The war sparked a major diplomatic crisis, with many countries around the world reacting strongly to the conflict that affected the momentum of regional relations.[743] At least nine countries took the drastic step of recalling their ambassadors and cutting diplomatic ties with Israel.[744][745] The war has also resulted in a renewed focus on a two-state solution to the broader conflict.[746][747] Global public opinion of Israel has dropped during the war as well; a Morning Consult poll published in January 2024 indicated that the United States was the only remaining wealthy country in which Israel had net positive approval.[748]
Negotiations have focused on the possibility of a ceasefire in the war, with Egypt and Qatar serving as mediators in negotiations between Israel and Hamas.[749][750] The United Nations Security Council passed resolution 2728 in March 2024, demanding an immediate ceasefire and the unconditional release of hostages for the month of Ramadan.[751][752]
Following talks mediated by China, on 23 July 2024, Palestinian groups including Hamas and Fatah reached an agreement to end their divisions and form a unity government for Gaza, which they announced in the "Beijing Declaration".[753]
In an interview to the Wall Street Journal on 25 December, Netanyahu said that Israel's objectives were to "destroy Hamas, demilitarize Gaza and deradicalize the whole of Palestinian society".[756] There was broad support in Israeli society for military operations in Gaza.[757][758] Public opinion poll conducted in December 2023 by the Israel Democracy Institute found that 87% of Jewish Israelis supported the war in Gaza.[759]
Palestinian territories
Initially, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas asserted the Palestinians' right to self-defense against the "terror of settlers and occupation troops"[760] and condemned the orders by Israel for residents to evacuate north Gaza, labeling it a "second Nakba".[761] Later, Abbas rejected the killing of civilians on both sides, and said that the Palestinian Liberation Organization was the sole representative of the Palestinians.[762]
Significant geopolitical divisions emerged during the war. Much of the Western world provided strong diplomatic and military support to Israel,[763] including the United States,[764]United Kingdom,[765] and Germany[766] although the strong support is "at odds with the attitudes of Western publics which continue to shift away from Israel", according to Hugh Lovatt, a senior policy fellow with the Middle East and North Africa Programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations. Lovatt says that during the Cold War, Israel sided with the West against the Arab countries supported by the Soviets, and Western leaders generally see Israel "as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club" and that this partially "explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive".[763] At least 44 nations denounced Hamas and explicitly condemned its conduct on 7 October as terrorism, including a joint statement by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany.[767]
In contrast, the Islamic world and much of the Global South denounced the actions of Israel and its allies, criticizing the "moral authority of the West" and alleging that it holds double standards surrounding human rights.[763][768] The double standards, in their view, is condemning an illegal occupation in Ukraine while standing firmly behind Israel that has occupied Palestinian lands.[769]Bolivia has cut all ties with Israel as a result of the conflict, while fellow South American countries Colombia and Chile recalled their ambassadors to the country.[294][768]
The United States, United Kingdom, and Germany have supplied Israel with substantial military and medical aid.[765][770][771]
The Israeli government's response prompted international protests, arrests, and harassment.[772]
Evacuations of foreign nationals
Brazil announced a rescue operation of nationals using an air force transport aircraft.[773]Poland announced that it would deploy two C-130 transport planes to evacuate 200 of its nationals.[774] Hungary evacuated 215 of its nationals from Israel using two aircraft on 9 October, while Romania evacuated 245 of its citizens, including two pilgrimage groups, on two TAROM planes and two private aircraft on the same day.[775] Australia also announced repatriation flights.[776] 300 Nigerian pilgrims in Israel fled to Jordan before being airlifted home.[777]
On 12 October, the United Kingdom arranged flights for its citizens in Israel; the first plane departed Ben Gurion Airport that day. The government had said before that it would not be evacuating its nationals due to available commercial flights. However, most commercial flights were suspended.[778] Nepal arranged a flight to evacuate at least 254 of its citizens who were studying in Israel.[779] India launched Operation Ajay to evacuate its citizens from Israel.[780] Ukraine has facilitated the evacuation of around 450 of its citizens from Israel as of 18 October, with additional evacuation flights in the planning for the near future.[781]
Regional effects
According to Daniel Byman and Alexander Palmer, the attack showcased the decline of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the rise of Hamas as a power center in Palestinian politics. They predicted the PLO's further decline if the status quo held.[782] Laith Alajlouni wrote that the immediate effect of the Hamas offensive was to unite Hamas and PLO. However, it may soon lead to conflict between them, possibly leading the PLO to lose control of the security situation in the West Bank, if more militant groups there begin to launch their independent attacks.[783]
Political journalist Peter Beaumont described the attack as "an intelligence failure for the ages" on the part of the Israeli government.[784] The Jewish News Syndicate deemed it a "failure of imagination".[785] A BBC report on the intelligence failure commented that "it must have taken extraordinary levels of operational security by Hamas".[786] US officials expressed shock at how Israeli intelligence appeared to be unaware of any preparations by Hamas.[787] Israeli officials later anonymously reported to Axios that the IDF and Shin Bet had detected abnormal movements by Hamas the day before the attack, but decided to wait for additional intelligence before raising the military's alert level. They also did not inform political leaders of the intelligence reports.[788]
Amit Segal, chief political commentator for Israel's Channel 12, said that the conflict would test Benjamin Netanyahu's survival as prime minister, noting that past wars had toppled the governments of several of his predecessors such as that of Golda Meir following the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Menachem Begin following the 1982 Lebanon War, and Ehud Olmert following the 2006 Lebanon War.[789] Prior to the formation of an emergency unity government on 11 October, Politico described the then-potential move as Netanyahu's opportunity to correct his course and save his political legacy.[790] Citing the Israeli intelligence failure, which some observers attributed to the incumbent government focusing more on internal dissent, the judicial reform, and efforts to deepen Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories,[791] some commentators criticized Netanyahu for putting aside the PLO and propping up Hamas,[792] and described him as a liability.[793][794]
In an analysis by The Times of Israel, the newspaper wrote, "Hamas has violently shifted the world's eyes back to the Palestinians and dealt a severe blow to the momentum for securing a landmark US-brokered deal between Israel and Saudi Arabia."[795] Andreas Kluth wrote in his Bloomberg News column that Hamas "torched Biden's deal to remake the Middle East", arguing that the deal that was being discussed between Saudi Arabia, Israel, and the United States would have left Palestinians in the cold, so the group decided to "blow the whole thing up". He added that viewed from Gaza, things were only going to get worse, considering that Netanyahu's coalition partners opposed a two-state solution for the conflict. He suggested they would prefer to annex the entirety of the West Bank, even at the expense of turning Israel into an apartheid state.[796]
Economic impact
On 9 November, the Bank of Israel reported that the drop in labor supply caused by the war was costing the Israeli economy $600 million a week, or 6% of weekly GDP. The bank also stated that the estimate does not reflect total damage and did not include damage caused by the absence of Palestinian and foreign workers.[797] In the final quarter of 2023, the Israeli economy shrank by 5.2% quarter-to-quarter due to labour shortages in construction and from the mobilization of 300,000 reservists.[798] While Israel did still see economic growth of 2%, this was down from 6.5% growth in the year before the war. Further consequences of the war were that consumer spending declined by 27%, imports declined by 42% and exports were reported to decline by 18%.
Israel's high-tech factories reported on 25 December that they had been having trouble with electronic imports from China due to recent bureaucratic obstacles, leading to higher import costs and delayed delivery times.[799] Israeli officials also reported that China had refused to send workers to their country during the war against the backdrop of a worker shortage in Israel's construction and farming sectors.[800] China's actions were described[by whom?] as a de factosanction.[801][799]
The Water Transport Workers Federation of India, a trade union representing 11 major Indian ports and 3,500 workers, said it would refuse to operate shipments carrying weapons to Israel.[802] The declaration came a few months after one Indian company halted production of Israeli police uniforms due to the war in Gaza.[803]
About 9,855 Thai workers in the agricultural sector, 4,331 workers in the construction sector and 2,997 in the nursing sector left Israel following the October 7 attack by Hamas. In addition, the prevention of 85,000 Palestinian workers from entering Israel created a shortage of about 100,000 foreign and Palestinian workers.[804]
It has been calculated that the carbon cost in terms of climate impact of rebuilding Gaza would exceed the annual greenhouse emissions of 135 countries.[805]
Media coverage
In reporting on the conflict, foreign media such as CNN, ABC, NBC, The New York Times, and Fox News have limited access to Gaza and only in the presence of Israeli soldiers. Vox reported that the news organizations "have to submit all materials and footage to the IDF for review before publication".[806] The conflict has also seen large numbers of journalists wounded or killed in action. On December 14, CBS reported on a statement from the International Federation of Journalists that "the number of journalists killed in the past two months in the war in Gaza has surpassed the amount killed in the Vietnam War, which lasted two decades".[807]Reporters Without Borders filed a complaint with the International Criminal Court under section 8.2.b of the Rome Statute, accusing Israel of committing war crimes against 8 journalists.[808][806] It also lodged a complaint against Hamas, under section 8.2.a of the Rome Statute for the killing of a reporter covering the 7 October attack.[808] The Committee to Protect Journalists has accused Israel of targeting journalists reporting from Gaza and their families, saying that in at least two cases, "journalists reported receiving threats from Israeli officials and Israel Defense Forces officers before their family members were killed".[809]
Use of propaganda
By Hamas
In the hours after the attack on October 7, Hamas "employed a broad, sophisticated media strategy" using bot accounts to spread graphic, emotionally charged and false propaganda that was picked up and repeated by official accounts and foreign governments. Cyabra, an Israeli social media intelligence company found that on the day after the attack, one in four posts about the conflict on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and X were from fake accounts. The New York Times described the start of the Israel-Hamas war as releasing a "deluge of online propaganda and disinformation" that was "larger than anything seen before". It described the conflict as "fast becoming a world war online" and stated that Russia, China, Iran and its proxies had used state media and covert influence campaigns on social media networks to support Hamas, undermine Israel, criticize the United States and cause unrest. James Rubin of the U.S. State Department's Global Engagement Center called coverage of the conflict as being swept up in "an undeclared information war with authoritarian countries".[810]
By Israel
During the conflict, the Israeli government and Israeli cyber companies have deployed AI tools and bot farms to spread disinformation and spread graphic, emotionally charged and false propaganda to dehumanize Palestinians, sow division among supporters of Palestine by targeting Black lawmakers, and exert pressure on politicians to support Israel's actions.[811][812][813]The Intercept reported that: "At the center of Israel's information warfare campaign is a tactical mission to dehumanize Palestinians and to flood the public discourse with a stream of false, unsubstantiated, and unverifiable allegations."[813] One such covert campaign was commissioned by Israel's Ministry of Diaspora Affairs. The ministry allocated about $2 million to the operation, and used political marketing firm Stoic based in Tel Aviv to carry it out, according to officials and documents reviewed by the New York Times.[811] The campaign was started after the October 7 attack, and remained active on X (formerly Twitter) at the time of the New York Times report in June 2024. At the peak of the campaign it used hundreds of fake accounts posing as Americans on X, Facebook and Instagram to post pro-Israel comments, focusing on U.S. lawmakers, particularly those who are Black and from the Democratic Party, including Hakeem Jeffries, the House minority leader from New York, and Raphael Warnock, Senator from Georgia. ChatGPT was deployed to generate many of the posts. The campaign also involved the creation of three fake English-language news sites featuring pro-Israel articles.[811]
^ a b Activity outside the Gaza Strip is unconfirmed for PRC and PFLP-GC.
^ Lions' Den are only active in the West Bank.
^In the Gaza Strip, smaller Palestinian groups fighting in the war include: Palestinian Freedom Movement (Al-Ansar Brigades),[5][6]Jaysh al-Ummah,[verification needed][better source needed][8] and various minor al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades splinter groups (several of which possibly rejoined the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades just before the war).[6] Furthermore, a number of Palestinian militant groups in the West Bank have involved themselves in the conflict, including: Lions' Den,[9] and various al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades sub-groups such as Hornets' Nest,[10] Jenin Battalion,[11] Qalqilya Battalion, etc.[11]
^The assassination of Deif was claimed by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). However, it was unconfirmed by independent sources.
^Combined forces of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.[19][20] Estimates for Hamas alone are highly variable, from 20,000 to over 40,000.[21][22]
^Including 169,500 active personnel[23] and 360,000 reservists[24]
20,000 to 21,000 children are missing, including children trapped under rubble, buried in unmarked graves, detained, or separated from family for other reasons.[54]
^96,251+ wounded[26][27][55]
Including 3000+ children with amputated limbs[56][57][58]
Additionally, 8,000+ children have required medical treatment for acute malnutrition.[59]
^(per Hezbollah, Hamas, PIJ and Lebanese Health Ministry)[68][69]
448+ Hezbollah members in Lebanon[70] (including 2 Saraya personnel)[71]
40 Palestinian militants 25 killed (8 Oct 2023-31 March 2024; on the border),[1] 7 killed (2 Jan 2024; in Beirut),[2] 7 killed (3 April-15 June 2024; on the border),[3][4][5][6][7] and a Hamas official assassinated on 9 August,[72] total of 40 reported killed
14 in the West Bank and Israel by 11 August 2024 (per OCHA oPt),[97] not including 1 mistakenly killed by Israeli forces in Jerusalem[98] and 3 killed by militants (2 near Ofra[99] and 1 near Kedumim),[100] bringing the total to 18 conflict-related deaths for the period
^These casualty numbers exclude the invading Palestinian militants who died in the subsequent fighting with Israeli armed personnel.
^34,344 Palestinians of which have been fully identified as of 17 September 2024
^Israeli UN Ambassador Gilad Erdan responded directly to Guterres, stating, "Shame on [Guterres]... More than 30 minors – among them a 9-month-old baby as well as toddlers and children who witnessed their parents being murdered in cold blood – are being held against their will in the Gaza Strip. Hamas is the problem in Gaza, not Israel's actions to eliminate this terrorist organization."[698][699]
References
^"UNRWA Situation Report #1 on the Situation in the Gaza Strip". United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. United Nations. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023. At 06:30 on the morning of 7 October 2023, Hamas launched 'Operation Al-Aqsa Flood' with more than 5,000 rockets reportedly fired towards Israel from multiple locations in Gaza, as well as ground operation into Israel.
^Fabian, Emanuel (9 October 2023). "Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^"Who are Hamas's allies in Gaza? From Islamic Jihad to Marxist militants". The National. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
^ a bAbdelali Ragad; Richard Irvine-Brown; Benedict Garman; Sean Seddon (24 November 2023). "How Hamas built a force to attack Israel on 7 October". BBC. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
^ a bGuy Van Vlierden (14 October 2023). "HLN Onderzoek. Van jihadisten tot communisten: zeker 10 groeperingen deden mee met actie Palestijnse terroristen (HLN Research. From jihadists to communists: at least 10 groups participated in Palestinian terrorist action)". Het Laatste Nieuws. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023.
^ a b cSmyth, Phillip (December 2023). "The Path to October 7: How Iran Built Up and Managed a Palestinian 'Axis of Resistance'". CTC Sentinel. 16 (11). Combating Terrorism Center.
^Fabian, Emanuel (19 October 2023). "IDF says it killed head of military wing of Gaza's Popular Resistance Committees". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
^Joe Truzman (19 December 2023). "Al Qaeda-aligned Jaysh al-Ummah says it is fighting Israeli troops in Gaza". FDD's Long War Journal. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
^Burke, Jason (26 November 2023). "Disappointed, disenchanted, defiant: inside the world of the West Bank's angry armed youths". The Observer. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^"Israel Army Fires Artillery at Lebanon as Hezbollah Claims Attack". Asharq Al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^Nada Homsi (31 October 2023). "'We're with the resistance': Hezbollah allies the Fajr Forces join Lebanon-Israel front". The National. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
^"الوكالة الوطنية للإعلام - القومي أعلن استشهاد أحد مقاتليه وسام محمد سليم" [The National News Agency announced the martyrdom of one of its fighters, Wissam Muhammad Salim.]. nna-leb.gov.lb (in Arabic). 15 December 2023.
^ a b"Institute for the Study of War". Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
^Dahan, Maha El (31 October 2023). "Yemen's Houthis enter Mideast fray, hardening spillover fears". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
^Ben-Ari, Lior; Zitun, Yoav (22 December 2023). "Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim struck Israel's Karish natural gas rig in Mediterranean". Ynetnews. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^"Institute for the Study of War". Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
^Abraham, Yuval (3 April 2024). "'Lavender': The AI machine directing Israel's bombing spree in Gaza". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 12 June 2024. as many as 37,000 Palestinians as suspected militants
^"How Israel is using 'Lavender' and 'Daddy' to identify 37,000 Hamas operatives". The Economic Times. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024. The "Lavender" system is designed to identify individuals suspected of being part of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), even targeting those with lower ranks for potential aerial bombardments. In the initial stages of the conflict, the military heavily relied on Lavender, leading to the system labeling up to 37,000 Palestinians as militants, along with their residences, for potential airstrikes.
^"How Hamas secretly built a 'mini-army' to fight Israel". Reuters. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
^"Israel's massive mobilization of 360,000 reservists upends lives". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
^van der Merwe, Ben (4 April 2024). "Israel-Hamas war: Gaza's morgue network has effectively collapsed - how are they recording their dead?". Sky News. Sky News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
^ a b c d"Israel-Gaza war in maps and charts: Live tracker". Al Jazeera.
^ a b"Health Ministry In Hamas-run Gaza Says War Death Toll At 41,595". Barron's. 29 September 2024.
^ a b c d e f"Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - reported impact". UN OCHA. 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma (17 September 2024). "Gaza publishes identities of 34,344 Palestinians killed in war with Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 September 2024. It does not distinguish between civilians and fighters, but a majority of the 34,344 dead can be identified as civilians based on age and gender alone. It includes 11,355 children, 2,955 people aged 60 or older, and 6,297 women. There are also many civilian men of fighting age who have been killed.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma (17 September 2024). "Gaza publishes identities of 34,344 Palestinians killed in war with Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 September 2024. It does not distinguish between civilians and fighters, but a majority of the 34,344 dead can be identified as civilians based on age and gender alone. It includes 11,355 children, 2,955 people aged 60 or older, and 6,297 women. There are also many civilian men of fighting age who have been killed.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma (17 September 2024). "Gaza publishes identities of 34,344 Palestinians killed in war with Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 September 2024. It does not distinguish between civilians and fighters, but a majority of the 34,344 dead can be identified as civilians based on age and gender alone. It includes 11,355 children, 2,955 people aged 60 or older, and 6,297 women. There are also many civilian men of fighting age who have been killed.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma (17 September 2024). "Gaza publishes identities of 34,344 Palestinians killed in war with Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 September 2024. It does not distinguish between civilians and fighters, but a majority of the 34,344 dead can be identified as civilians based on age and gender alone. It includes 11,355 children, 2,955 people aged 60 or older, and 6,297 women. There are also many civilian men of fighting age who have been killed.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma (17 September 2024). "Gaza publishes identities of 34,344 Palestinians killed in war with Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 September 2024. It does not distinguish between civilians and fighters, but a majority of the 34,344 dead can be identified as civilians based on age and gender alone. It includes 11,355 children, 2,955 people aged 60 or older, and 6,297 women. There are also many civilian men of fighting age who have been killed.
^Uras, Umut. "16,456 children killed in Gaza war: Media office". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 August 2024. According to a statement on Telegram, in 3,486 attacks carried out by the Israeli army, 39,897 people have been killed, 16,456 of them children and 11,088 women. It also said at least 885 medical staff, 168 journalists and 79 civil defence members have been killed in the Israeli strikes.
^"133 UN agency staffers killed due to Israeli airstrikes on Gaza Strip". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^Staff (12 September 2024). "Six Unrwa workers among estimated 18 killed in Israeli strike on Gaza school sheltering displaced". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 September 2024. Philippe Lazzarini, the head of Unrwa, posted that the staff who died had been providing support to families who had sought refuge in the school, and that at least 220 of his agency's staff had been killed in Gaza since the start of the war.
^Siddiqui, Usaid (27 August 2024). "Gaza-based journalist killed in Israeli attack". Al Jazeera. This brings the total number of journalists killed since the conflict began to 171.
^Lyndal Rowlands; Zaheena Rasheed; Virginia Pietromarchi; Stephen Quillen. "Another Palestinian journalist killed in Gaza". Al Jazeera (Blog). Retrieved 28 August 2024.
^ a bKhatib, Rasha; McKee, Martin; Yusuf, Salim (2024). "Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential". The Lancet. 404 (10449). Elsevier BV: 237–238. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01169-3. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 38976995. In recent conflicts, such indirect deaths range from three to 15 times the number of direct deaths. Applying a conservative estimate of four indirect deaths per one direct death to the 37,396 deaths reported, it is not implausible to estimate that up to 186,000 or even more deaths could be attributable to the current conflict in Gaza. Using the 2022 Gaza Strip population estimate of 2,375,259, this would translate to 7.9% of the total population in the Gaza Strip.
^"Palestinian Government Report: Number of Natural Deaths in Gaza Increased by More Than Six times Due to Israeli Aggression". Quatar News Agency. 12 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
^"Palestine: death rate 2012-2022". Statista. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
^Mccready, Alastair. "WATCH: Father loses daughter to malnutrition amid blockade and dire living conditions". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 August 2024. She was among at least 37 children who have died in Gaza under dire circumstances.
^"Child dies of malnutrition and dehydration: Report". Al Jazeera. 1 June 2024. Medical sources said the death toll from malnutrition and dehydration has risen to 37 people in Gaza, the report said.
^"Newborns die of hunger and mothers struggle to feed their children as Israel's siege condemns Gazans to starvation". CNN. 6 March 2024.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma (5 June 2024). "Starvation already causing many deaths and lasting harm in Gaza, agencies say". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
^"Women and children of Gaza are killed less frequently as war's toll rises, AP data analysis finds". AP News. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
^"Israel publishes new civilian death toll in Gaza". Voice of America. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
^Kingsley, Patrick; Odenheimer, Natan; Boxerman, Aaron; Sella, Adam; Abuheweila, Iyad (13 July 2024). "How Hamas Is Fighting in Gaza: Tunnels, Traps and Ambushes". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
^"Swords of Iron: Real Time Tracker". Institute for National Security Studies. 3 September 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
^Nakhoul, Samia; Pamuk, Humeyra; Landay, Jonathan. "Diminished Hamas switches to full insurgent mode in Gaza". Retrieved 6 June 2024.
^"Hamas Toll Thus Far Falls Short of Israel's War Aims, U.S. Says". The Washington Post. 21 January 2024.
^Tondo, Lorenzo; Taha, Sufian (12 July 2024). "Thousands of Palestinians missing amid Gaza's unrelenting warfare". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
^"Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel | Flash Update #160 [EN/AR/HE]". ReliefWeb. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024. More than 10,000 people are estimated to be missing under rubble in Gaza, according to the Palestinian Civil Defense
^"More than 20,000 children missing amid Gaza war, NGO says". 25 June 2024.
^Rowlands, Lyndal; McCready, Alastair; Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid; Najjar, Farah (17 September 2024). "Education Ministry says 11,000 students killed in Gaza and West Bank". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 September 2024. The Palestinian Education Ministry has said 11,001 students were killed and 17,772 injured in the Gaza Strip and the occupied West Bank since the start of Israel's war on October 7.
^"'It's a lifelong injury': From Gaza to Doha, children bear the scars of war". The World from PRX. 11 June 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
^Rasheed, Zaheena; McCready, Alastair; Marsi, Federica; Gostoli, Ylenia; Najjar, Farah; Umut, Uras (13 September 2024). "Key takeaways from WHO's report on traumatic injuries in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 September 2024. As we've been reporting, the WHO estimates more than 22,500 people in Gaza – or a quarter of those wounded in Israel's continuing war – have life-changing injuries and will require rehabilitation "now and for years to come".
^Rowlands, Lyndal; McCready, Alastair; Marsi, Federica; Quillen, Stephen; Najjar, Farah (12 September 2024). "WHO figures on 'life-changing' injuries in Gaza 'conservative estimates'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
^"Gaza: 8,000 children diagnosed with malnutrition amid ongoing shelling | UN News". news.un.org. 13 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
^"Number of Palestinians detained by Israel rises to 9,312". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
^Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (6 December 2023). "UN rights chief warns of heightened risk of 'atrocity crimes' in Gaza". Reuters. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^"Education Ministry says Israel killed 9,241 Palestinian students since October 7". Wafa. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
^ a b"Israeli army raids Balata refugee camp 4 times in 24 hours". Anadolu Agency. 28 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024. Simultaneously with its onslaught on the Gaza Strip, the Israeli army intensified operations in the West Bank, resulting in 592 deaths and approximately 5,400 injuries, according to official Palestinian data.
^Rowlands, Lyndal; Rasheed, Zaheena; Motamedi, Maziar; Jamal, Urooba (22 September 2024). "Child among 10 Palestinians arrested in occupied West Bank". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 September 2024. The latest incidents bring the number of Palestinians arrested in the occupied areas, including Jerusalem, to at least 10,800.
^הבקשה של פיקוד הדרום בלילה שלפני הטבח - והסירוב | פרסום ראשון
^Fabian, Emanuel; Pacchiani, Gianluca (1 November 2023). "IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^Quillen, Stephen. "Israel's assassination of Khalil al-Maqdah aimed at starting 'full-scale war': Fatah official". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 August 2024. Israel's attacks in Lebanon during the Gaza war have killed in excess of 600 people, including more than 130 civilians.
^"Lebanon death toll from Israeli strikes reaches 1,247; over 150,000 displaced: Minister". LBCIV7. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
^With 513 Hezbollah deaths confirmed as of 28 September 2024,[8] including 65 in Syria,[9][10] a total of 448 were confirmed to have died in Lebanon
^Cite error: The named reference resistancebrigades was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Najjar, Nils Adler, Farah. "Hamas official killed in Israeli attack in Lebanon's Sidon: Reports". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 August 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Hamadi, Ghadir; Abdallah, Muntasser; Frakes, Nicholas; Hankins, Amelia (22 April 2024). "283 bodies recovered from mass grave at Nasser Hospital; Hezbollah shoots down Israeli drone: Day 199 of the Gaza war". L'Orient Today.
^"Concerns grow as more health and rescue workers killed in Israeli strikes in southern Lebanon. - L'Orient Today".
^"Gallant rejects French initiative for peace on the Israeli-Lebanese border: Day 252 of the Gaza war - L'Orient Today".
^Three killed in south Lebanon strikes, arrests in murder of transwoman, TikToker drug smuggler: Everything you need to know to start your Wednesday L'Orient Today (22 May 2024)
^"In Hebbarieh, villagers enter the war against their will - L'Orient Today".
^"Israel fires 2 missiles at eastern edge of Saida: Gaza war, day 260 - L'Orient Today".
^Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah, Lebanon and Syria (March 26-April 1, 2024)
^"3 Hezbollah fighters killed in Lebanon-Israel border confrontations". Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
^Robinson, Lou (24 August 2024). "Hezbollah: What weapons does it have? A visual guide". CNN. Retrieved 24 August 2024. Around 150 civilians have been killed in Israeli strikes, according to CNN's analysis of publicly available figures.
^"Lebanon says 10 Syrians killed in Israeli strike on south". France 24. 17 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
^Marsi, Federica (24 September 2024). "Death toll in Israeli attacks on Lebanon rises: Health Ministry". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 September 2024. The death toll from Israeli attacks across Lebanon since Monday has risen to 558, including 50 children and 94 women, according to Lebanon's Health Minister Firass Abiad. He added that at least 1,835 people were wounded in Israeli air raids that hit Beirut and southern Lebanon.
^ a b"الصحة اللبنانية تعلن حصيلة جديدة لضحايا العدوان الإسرائيلي". Al Jazeera Arabic (in Arabic). Retrieved 28 September 2024.
^"5 days of bombing: 783 killed in Israeli air strikes on Lebanon". Middle East Monitor. 28 September 2024.
^"Death toll update: Three civilians including woman and her son killed in Israeli airstrikes on the vicinity of Aleppo international airport". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^"To stop transportation of weapons: Israel has targeted borders between Syria and Lebanon 14 times in 72 hours". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
^October 7 Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes by Hamas-led Groups
^Bodies of Israeli hostages were retrieved from Gaza tunnel, military says
^Final unaccounted for October 7 victim died in onslaught, IDF confirms
^Bodies of six Israeli hostages retrieved from Gaza, Israel says
^ a b c d e f g h i jFabian, Emanuel (1 September 2024). "Bodies of 6 hostages, murdered by Hamas just days ago, found in Rafah – IDF". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 1 September 2024. Cite error: The named reference "hostagecount" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^New Tally Puts Oct 7 Attack Death Toll In Israel At 1,189
^"Israel strike in south Lebanon kills Hamas commander". The Times of Israel. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
^Man dies from wounds caused by defective Iron Dome missile amid Hezbollah drone attack
^"85 rockets fired at north since morning, wounding 3; teen killed in crash during siren".
^Data on casualties (Note: apply filter in Israeli fatalities chart for Date of Incident (start date) = 10/7/2023)
^Hasson, Nir. "Israeli Soldiers Who Killed Jerusalem Terrorists Shoot Dead Civilian". Haaretz. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
^Friedson, Yael (25 January 2024). "East Jerusalem Resident Dies of Wounds Sustained in West Bank Attack Earlier in January". Haaretz. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
^"Israeli Security Guard Killed by Palestinian in West Bank Attack".
^"Defense Ministry contractor succumbs to wounds sustained in southern Gaza mortar attack". The Times of Israel.
^ToI Staff (19 July 2024). "Drone explodes in central Tel Aviv, killing man and wounding several others". The Times of Israel.
^"Three Israeli civilians shot dead at Allenby Crossing between West Bank and Jordan". 8 September 2024.
^Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 715 soldiers, 66 police officers killed in Gaza war". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
^"Swords of Iron: Israel Police, Security Forces (Shabak) and First Responders Casualties". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Government of Israel. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
^Benson, Pesach (22 January 2024). "13,572 Israelis injured since Oct. 7". Jewish News Syndicate. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
^Boxerman, Aaron (10 November 2023). "Israel-Hamas War: Israel Lowers Oct. 7 Death Toll Estimate to 1,200". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
^"Bodies of several Israelis retrieved in Gaza raids – IDF". The Guardian. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023. Israel's military said earlier this morning that it has confirmed that more than 120 civilians are being held hostage in Gaza by Hamas.
^"A Week Into War, Gazans Flee Homes As Israeli Ground Offensive Looms". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023. Israel's army has confirmed contacting the families of 120 civilian hostages so far.
^Hattenstone, Simon (9 November 2023). "The mothers whose children are held hostage by Hamas: 'I heard him crying, begging them not to take him'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
^ a b c dרשימת שמות החטופים לעזה [The list of names of those abducted to Gaza] (in Hebrew). Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
^"Hamas armed wing says seven hostages killed in Gaza". Reuters. 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
^Motamedi, Maziar; Quillen, Stephen. "Israeli captive killed in 'revenge' after guard's children slain". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
^Quillen, Stephen; Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid. "Israeli military claims body of killed captive was recovered in November". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
^Fabian, Emanuel (12 August 2024). "Hamas says its guards killed a hostage, wounded two others; IDF investigating claim". Times of Israel.
^ a bFabian, Emanuel (15 September 2024). "Months after bodies recovered, IDF says 3 hostages were killed as 'byproduct' of strike". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
^Tabachnick, Cara (15 December 2023). "3 hostages in Gaza were killed by friendly fire, Israeli military says". CBS News. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
^"Hamas says seven captives killed in Israeli army bombing of Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 6 September 2024. The group said the total number of captives killed as a result of Israeli military operations "may have exceeded" 70.
^Months after bodies recovered, IDF says 3 hostages were killed as ‘byproduct’ of strike
^"US officials estimate that as few as 50 hostages are still alive – Wall Street Journal". Times of Israel. 20 June 2024.
^"Around Half a Million Israelis Displaced Inside Israel: Military". Barron's. 16 October 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
^Williams, Dan (13 November 2023). "Israel sharpens warning to Lebanon as cross-border hostilities spike". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
^צבי, אסף (7 April 2024). 1,489 הרוגים, 133 חטופים עדיין בעזה: חצי שנה למלחמת חרבות ברזל. Davar (in Hebrew). Retrieved 8 July 2024.
^El-Gaafary, Nabila (28 May 2024). "Second Egyptian soldier reportedly dies from Rafah border clash". The New Arab. Cairo. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
^Berman, Lazar (8 October 2023). "Two Israeli tourists killed in shooting attack at Egyptian tourist site". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^"At least seven injured as Israeli tank 'accidentally' hits Egyptian border". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
^"Blasts hit two Egyptian Red Sea towns near Israel border, six injured". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
^ a bEl Deeb, Sarah (9 October 2023). "What is Hamas? The group that rules the Gaza Strip has fought several rounds of war with Israel". AP News. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^Krauss, Joseph (14 May 2024). "Palestinians mark 76 years of dispossession as a potentially even larger catastrophe unfolds in Gaza". AP News. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024. The war in Gaza, which was triggered by Hamas' Oct. 7 attack into Israel, has killed over 35,000 Palestinians, according to local health officials, making it by far the deadliest round of fighting in the history of the conflict.
^"October 7 Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes by Hamas-led Groups". Human Rights Watch. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^"How Israel jails hundreds of Palestinians without charge". BBC. 15 December 2023.
^"Hamas says it has enough Israeli captives to free all Palestinian prisoners". Al-Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ a b c d"Fears of a ground invasion of Gaza grow as Israel vows 'mighty vengeance'". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^ a b cMcKernan, Bethan; Michaelson, Ruth; Graham-Harrison, Emma; Kierszenbaum, Quique; Balousha, Hazem; Taha, Sufian; Sherwood, Harriet; Beaumont, Peter (14 October 2023). "Seven days of terror that shook the world and changed the Middle East". The Observer. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^Khoury, Jack (21 January 2024). "Hamas Releases Memo Explaining Why It Waged War on Israel; Gazans Question Timing, Cite Criticism of Hamas". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
^Frankel, Julia (21 December 2023). "Israel's military campaign in Gaza is among the most destructive in history, experts say". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
^"Israeli bombardment destroyed over 70% of Gaza homes: Report". Al Jazeera. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
^"Can Israel achieve its war goals in Gaza?". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
^"Netanyahu says IDF will control Gaza after war, rejects notion of international force". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma (17 September 2024). "Gaza publishes identities of 34,344 Palestinians killed in war with Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 September 2024. It does not distinguish between civilians and fighters, but a majority of the 34,344 dead can be identified as civilians based on age and gender alone. It includes 11,355 children, 2,955 people aged 60 or older, and 6,297 women. There are also many civilian men of fighting age who have been killed.
^"Reported impact snapshot: Gaza Strip (17 July 2024)". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 17 July 2024. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^Tantesh, Malak A.; Graham-Harrison, Emma (15 August 2024). "Gaza death toll hits 40,000 with thousands more yet to be counted". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
^"Israel: Starvation Used as Weapon of War in Gaza | Human Rights Watch". 18 December 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2024. The Israeli military's repeated, apparently unlawful attacks on medical facilities, personnel, and transport are further destroying Gaza's healthcare sector, thereby affecting the population's ability to access life-saving treatment, including to prevent diseases, wasting, and deaths linked to malnutrition, exacerbating the dire ramifications of starvation.
^"How Gaza's hospitals became battlegrounds". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^Lakhani, Nina (27 February 2024). "Israel is deliberately starving Palestinians, UN rights expert says". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
^Palumbo, Daniele; Abutaleb, Abdelrahman; Cusiac, Paul; Rivault, Erwan (30 January 2024). "At least half of Gaza's buildings damaged or destroyed, new analysis shows". BBC News. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^"No Traces of Life, Israel's Ecocide in Gaza 2023 – 2024". Forensic Architecture. Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
^Ahmed, Kaamil; Gayle, Damien; Mousa, Aseel (29 March 2024). "'Ecocide in Gaza': does scale of environmental destruction amount to a war crime?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
^UN experts deeply concerned over 'scholasticide' in Gaza United Nations 18 April 2024
^"How Israel has destroyed Gaza's schools and universities". Al Jazeera. 24 January 2024. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
^Ahmed, Kaamil (4 February 2024). "'Everything beautiful has been destroyed': Palestinians mourn a city in tatters". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 27 March 2024. A recent report by the Palestinian culture ministry into Israeli damage to Palestinian heritage said Israel's bombardment of Gaza had destroyed 207 buildings of cultural or historical significance, including 144 in the old city and 25 religious sites.
^Diamond, Jeremy (20 January 2024). "At least 16 cemeteries in Gaza have been desecrated by Israeli forces, satellite imagery and videos reveal". CNN. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
^"Mass forced displacement in Gaza highlights urgent need for Israel to uphold Palestinians' right to return". Amnesty International. 14 May 2024.
^"Israel Widens Attack on Hamas; Palestinians Pour Into Southern Gaza". Voice of America. 29 December 2023.
^Lev, Gid'on (27 February 2024). "The tragedy of Israel's 135,000 displaced citizens". Haaretz. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
^ a b"ICJ orders Israel to halt its offensive on Rafah, Gaza in new ruling". Al Jazeera. 24 May 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
^"Germany, a Loyal Israel Ally, Begins to Shift Tone as Gaza Toll Mounts". The New York Times. 29 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
^"Yemen's Houthis 'will not stop' Red Sea attacks until Israel ends Gaza war". Al Jazeera. 19 December 2023. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024. The Houthis would only halt their attacks if Israel's "crimes in Gaza stop and food, medicines and fuel are allowed to reach its besieged population", al-Bukhaiti said.
^ a b"Fires have become the most visible sign of the conflict heating up on the Lebanon-Israel border". AP News. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024. There is an increasingly real possibility of a full-scale war — one that would have catastrophic consequences for people on both sides of the border.
^ a b"Data on casualties". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs – occupied Palestinian territory (OCHAoPt). Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^ a b cAlfonseca, Kiara (11 October 2023). "Palestinian civilians suffer in Israel-Gaza crossfire as death toll rises". ABC News. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^"Intifada". Encyclopedia Britannica. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
^"Frequently asked questions on ICRC's work in Israel and the occupied territories". International Committee of the Red Cross. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^"Gaza Strip explained: Who controls it and what to know". NBC News. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^Perry, Tom; McDowall, Angus (7 October 2023). Harvey, Jan (ed.). "Timeline of conflict between Israel and Palestinians in Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ a bKane, Alex; Cohen, Mari; Shamir, Jonathan; Scher, Isaac (10 October 2023). "The Hamas Attacks and Israeli Response: An Explainer". Jewish Currents. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^ a bMeakem, Allison (10 October 2023). "The Geopolitics of Palestine, Explained". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
^* Nebehay, Stephanie (13 September 2011). Graff, Peter (ed.). "U.N. experts say Israel's blockade of Gaza illegal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2023. A panel of five independent U.N. rights experts [said] the blockade had subjected Gazans to collective punishment in 'flagrant contravention of international human rights and humanitarian law.' * "Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories". Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights. London: Amnesty International. 2023. pp. 206–211. ISBN 978-0-86210-502-0. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023. This compounded the impact of a 15-year ongoing Israeli blockade that amounts to illegal collective punishment * "Deprived and Endangered: Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip". Human Rights Watch. 13 January 2009. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2023. The blockade is a form of collective punishment in violation of international law. * "Hamas hardliner Yahya Sinwar elected as Gaza leader". BBC News. 13 February 2017. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023. Israel and Egypt maintain a blockade around Gaza aimed at preventing attacks by militants there, though the measure has been condemned by rights groups as a form of collective punishment.
^Ackerman, Seth (4 January 2024). "There was an Iron Wall in Gaza". Jacobin. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024. The unemployment rate soared to "probably the highest in the world", four-fifths of the population were forced to rely on humanitarian assistance, three-quarters became dependent on food aid, more than half faced "acute food insecurity", one in ten children were stunted by malnutrition, and over 96 percent of potable water became unsafe for human consumption.
^Abdulrahim, Raja (7 October 2023). "Gaza Has Suffered Under 16-Year Blockade". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
^"The Gaza Strip: The humanitarian impact of 15 years of blockade". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
^Beauchamp, Zack (7 October 2023). "Why did Hamas invade Israel?". Vox. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^"These six charts show the scale of human loss in the Israel-Gaza war". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
^Tan, Joanna (12 November 2023). "Charts show a stark difference in the human cost of Israeli-Palestinian conflicts over the years". CNBC. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
^"Where We Work. Gaza Strip". United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^"Two Years On: People Injured and Traumatized During the "Great March of Return" are Still Struggling". un.org. United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
^Fayyad, Huthifa. "Gaza's Great March of Return protests explained". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
^Klein, Menachem (28 November 2023). "Israeli arrogance thwarted a Palestinian political path. October 7 revealed the cost". +972 magazine. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023.
^"Hamas Says Its Attack on Israel Was Planned for Two Years". The Wall Street Journal. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^ a bPacchiani, Luca (7 October 2023). "Hamas deputy chief anticipates hostages will be swapped for Palestinian prisoners". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
^Matar, Haggai (7 October 2023). "Gaza's shock attack has terrified Israelis. It should also unveil the context". +972 Magazine. +972 Magazine. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^Sforza, Lauren (9 October 2023). "Tlaib, Bush criticized by Democrats over statements calling for end to Israel support". The Hill. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^"John Mearsheimer: Israel is choosing 'apartheid' or 'ethnic cleansing'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^Schenker, Hillel (12 October 2023). "The Catastrophe of October 7. Why Did It Happen?". The Nation. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^Barghouti, Mariam. "On October 7, Gaza broke out of prison". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^ a b c d eFederman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (7 October 2023). "Hamas militant group has started a war that 'Israel will win,' defense minister says". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^Israel's Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity (PDF) (Report). Amnesty International. January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^"A regime of Jewish supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This is apartheid". B'Tselem. 12 January 2021. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2023. A regime that uses laws, practices and organized violence to cement the supremacy of one group over another is an apartheid regime. Israeli apartheid, which promotes the supremacy of Jews over Palestinians, was not born in one day or of a single speech. It is a process that has gradually grown more institutionalized and explicit, with mechanisms introduced over time in law and practice to promote Jewish supremacy. These accumulated measures, their pervasiveness in legislation and political practice, and the public and judicial support they receive – all form the basis for our conclusion that the bar for labeling the Israeli regime as apartheid has been met.
^Holmes, Oliver (27 April 2021). "Israel is committing the crime of apartheid, rights group says". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^"Israël: l'Assemblée nationale rejette une résolution communiste dénonçant un "régime d'apartheid"" [Israel: National Assembly rejects communist resolution denouncing 'apartheid regime']. Le Figaro (in French). 4 May 2023. Archived from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^Hutzler, Alexandra; Peller, Lauren. "House passes resolution saying Israel isn't a 'racist or apartheid state'". ABC News. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
^Siddique, Haroon (19 July 2024). "UN court orders Israel to end its occupation of Palestinian territories". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
^Estrin, Daniel (7 October 2023). "In surprise deadly attacks, Israel says Palestinian militants infiltrated from Gaza". NPR. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ a b c"Israel retaliation kills 230 Palestinians after Hamas operation". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^"Around 1,000 dead in Israel-Hamas war, as Lebanon's Hezbollah also launches strikes". South China Morning Post. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^ a b c d e"Israel-Palestine escalation live news: Hamas starts Operation Al-Aqsa Flood". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^McKernan, Bethan (7 October 2023). "Hamas launches surprise attack on Israel as Palestinian gunmen reported in south". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ a b"Netanyahu: 'We are at war'". Ynetnews. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ a b c d e f gGritten, David (7 October 2023). "Strikes on Gaza after Palestinian militants enter Israel". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^"Hamas Fighters Trained in Iran Before Oct. 7 Attacks". The Wall Street Journal. 25 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^Fabian, Emanuel; Pacchiani, Gianluca (1 November 2023). "IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ a bKingsley, Patrick; Kershner, Isabel (7 October 2023). "Israel-Gaza Conflict: Gaza and Israel on War Footing After Militants Launch Surprise Assaults". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^Beaule, Victoria (12 October 2023). "A detailed look at how Hamas secretly crossed into Israel". ABC News. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^"This is How Al-Qassam's Naval Units Stormed Zakim's Fortified Military Base – Video". Palestine Chronicle. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^ a b"Netanyahu says Israel is 'at war' after Hamas launches surprise air and ground attack from Gaza". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^"Militants infiltrate Israel from Gaza as Hamas claims major rocket attack". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^"Border town identifies at least 15 of its residents killed in Hamas attack". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^"10 Percent of Kibbutz Population Found Dead After Hamas Massacre in Southern Israel". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^ a b c"Hamas's attack was the bloodiest in Israel's history". The Economist. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^"In pictures: Scenes of war and chaos after Hamas launch surprise attack on Israel". France 24. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ a bVinograd, Cassandra; Kershner, Isabel (9 October 2023). "Hamas Took Scores of Hostages From Israel. Here's What We Know About Them". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^ a bBreiner, Josh (18 November 2023). "Israeli Security Establishment: Hamas Likely Didn't Have Advance Knowledge of Nova Festival". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023. According to a police source, the investigation also indicates that an IDF combat helicopter that arrived to the scene and fired at terrorists there apparently also hit some festival participants.
^ a b c d e fZitun, Yoav (15 October 2023). הטעיה של חמאס למסוקי צה"ל והכוונת טייסים בוואטסאפ [Hamas deception of IDF helicopters]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
^
"Israel's Dead: The Names of Those Killed in Hamas Attacks, Massacres and the Israel-Hamas War". Haaretz. 19 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
"Hostages Held by Hamas: The Names of Those Abducted From Israel". Haaretz. 22 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
^Gunter, Joel (23 October 2023). "Israel shows Hamas bodycam attack footage to journalists". BBC News. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
^Carroll, Rory (23 October 2023). "Israel shows footage of Hamas killings 'to counter denial of atrocities'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
^"Images of the Mass Kidnapping of Israelis by Hamas". The Atlantic. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^Jones, Sam; Fidler, Matt (18 October 2023). "Who are the hostages taken by Hamas from southern Israel?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^Rubin, Shira (25 November 2023). "Israel investigates an elusive, horrific enemy: Rape as a weapon of war". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
^"Sexual Violence Evidence Against Hamas Is Mounting, but the Road to Court Is Still Long". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
^Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schwartz, Anat; Sella, Adam; Shaar-Yashuv, Avishag (28 December 2023). "'Screams Without Words': How Hamas Weaponized Sexual Violence on Oct. 7". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 6 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
^"Behind Hamas's Bloody Gambit to Create a 'Permanent' State of War". The New York Times. 8 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^Rubin, Shira; Warrick, Joby (13 November 2023). "Hamas envisioned deeper attacks, aiming to provoke an Israeli war". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
^"Many Israelis accuse government's of inept, chaotic response to October 7 massacre". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
^"Israel Police slams 'Haaretz' claim IDF helicopter may have harmed civilians on Oct. 7". The Times of Israel. 19 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
^ a b c dYaniv, Kubovich (7 July 2024). "IDF Ordered Hannibal Directive on October 7 to Prevent Hamas Taking Soldiers Captive". Haaretz.
^ a b"Israel accused of killing its own civilians under the 'Hannibal Directive' to avoid them being taken hostage". ABC News. 6 September 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
^"Barrages of rockets fired from Gaza as Hamas launches unprecedented operation against Israel". France 24. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^"Hamas-Israel War – Real Time Updates". Israel Defence Forces. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023.
^"Netanyahu: We will turn places where Hamas is hiding into 'cities of ruins'". Ynetnews. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^"Security cabinet says Israel will destroy military, governmental abilities of Hamas, Islamic Jihad". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^"Israeli strikes flatten buildings, mosques in Gaza". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^Allon, Gideon (26 April 2024). "'No doubt' Netanyahu preventing hostage deal, charges ex-spokesman of Families Forum". Times of Israel.
^ a bBayer, Lili; Ho, Vivian; Fulton, Adam; Yang, Maya (7 October 2023). "Israel declares state of war after Hamas fires thousands of rockets and 'militants cross border' – live". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^ a b"Missiles strike southern & central Israel; police declare state of war". Jordan News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^"Army says it is fighting Gaza militants who entered Israel by land, sea and air". Al Arabiya. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^"Ben Gurion airport stays open as foreign airlines cancel flights". Globes. 10 August 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^"Page Capture" עדכונים ושינויים בתנועת הרכבות, עד להודעה חדשה [Updates and changes in train traffic until further notice]. רַכֶּבֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל [Israel Railways] (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^Goldberg, Jeremaya (10 October 2023). "War with Gaza cuts train services in Israel". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^Saunders, Aaron (10 October 2023). "Cruise Lines Change, Cancel Itineraries Following Israel Attack". Cruise Critic. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^ a bKnell, Yolande; Abu Alouf, Rushi; Gritten, David (8 October 2023). "Israeli forces fight to drive out Hamas militants and free hostages". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^Davies, Harry; McKernan, Bethan; Sabbagh, Dan (1 December 2023). "'The Gospel': how Israel uses AI to select bombing targets in Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
^Abraham, Yuval (30 November 2023). "'A mass assassination factory': Inside Israel's calculated bombing of Gaza". +972 magazine. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (9 October 2023). "Israel strikes and seals off Gaza after incursion by Hamas, which vows to execute hostages". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^
Abu Alouf, Rushdi (8 October 2023). "Gaza: Fear and chaos for Palestinians as Israel strikes back". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
Rahhou, Jihane (8 October 2023). "Israeli Strike Destroys Al-Amin Muhammad Mosque in Gaza". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^Goldenberg, Tia; Shurafa, Wafaa (8 October 2023). "Hamas fighters storm Israeli towns in surprise attack; Israel responds with deadly strikes on Gaza". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^"Israel officially declares war for 1st time since 1973 as death toll mounts to 600". The Times of India. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^Fabian, Emanuel (9 October 2023). "Defense minister announces 'complete siege' of Gaza: No power, food or fuel". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^"Israel-Hamas war live updates: 9 Americans killed; Gaza Strip faces full siege". The Washington Post. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023.
^"Israel: White Phosphorus Used in Gaza, Lebanon". Human Rights Watch. Beirut. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^Wintour, Patrick (13 October 2023). "Israel denies using white phosphorus munitions in Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^"Fergal Keane: Aid convoy tragedy shows fear of starvation haunts Gaza". 2 March 2024. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
^"In pictures: Trucks carry aid into Gaza for the first time since the outbreak of the Israel-Hamas war". CNBC. 21 October 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
^"1st fuel truck enters Gaza". ABC. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
^"Israel orders 1.1 million people in Gaza to move south: What to know". Al Jazeera. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^Debre, Isabel; Lederer, Edith M.; Shurafa, Wafaa (13 October 2023). "Israel's military orders civilians to evacuate Gaza City, ahead of a feared ground offensive". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
^
Khraiche, Dana (13 October 2023). "UN Calls Israel Order to Evacuate 1.1 Million in Gaza Impossible". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
"MSF: Israeli order to evacuate northern Gaza 'outrageous'". Doctors Without Borders. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
"Israel must rescind evacuation order for northern Gaza and comply with international law: UN expert". OHCHR. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
"WHO pleads for immediate reversal of Gaza evacuation order to protect health and reduce suffering". WHO. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
^"Israel announces 6-hour window for Gazans fleeing south, as troops gather near border". CNN. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
^McKernan, Bethan; Taha, Sufian (15 October 2023). "Gaza civilians afraid to leave home after bombing of 'safe routes'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
^El Damanhoury, Kareem; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Murphy, Paul (14 October 2023). "CNN authenticates video that show explosions along Gaza evacuation routes". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023. It's unclear what caused the widespread devastation
^"Hamas seen blocking evacuation routes in Gaza – IDF". The Jerusalem Post. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^Srivastava, Mehul; Joiner, Sam; Andringa, Peter (15 October 2023). "Did Israel bomb a civilian evacuation route in Gaza?". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^Fabian, Emanuel (14 October 2023). "IDF says it's completing preparations to strike Gaza 'from air, sea and land'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (15 October 2023). "Palestinians fleeing to the south find no escape from danger". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
^
Guterres, António (6 November 2023). "Secretary-General's press conference on the Middle East". United Nations. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
"EU nations condemn Hamas for what they describe as use of hospitals, civilians as 'human shields'". AP News. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
"Hamas are notorious for using civilians as 'human shields'". news.com.au. 1 November 2023.
רויטרס (14 November 2023). הבית הלבן: יש מידע שחמאס משתמש בבתי החולים בעזה, גם להחזקת חטופים [The White House: There is information that Hamas uses the hospitals in Gaza, also to hold hostages]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
^שרון, רועי (9 December 2023). "עזב בשיירה הומניטרית: יחיא סינוואר נמצא בחאן יונס" [Left in a humanitarian convoy: Yahya Sinwar is in Khan Yunis]. KAN 11 (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya; Nessman, Ravi (17 October 2023). "Israel bombs Gaza region where civilians were told to seek refuge, as mediators try to unlock aid". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^"Israel bombs homes in southern Gaza, kills more than 70 people". Al Jazeera. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^Brennan, David (17 October 2023). "Top Hamas commander killed in Israeli strike". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^Magid, Jacob (17 October 2023). "'They had nowhere else to go': UN says Israeli strike on school in Gaza kills 6". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^"Gaza hospital blast: What does new analysis tell us?". BBC News. 26 October 2023. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
^Fabian, Emanuel; Bachner, Michael (18 October 2023). "IDF presents evidence misfired Gazan rocket caused hospital blast, slams Hamas 'lies'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^"Israel and Palestinian militants blame each other after hospital blast kills hundreds in Gaza". ABC News. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^Said, Summer; Faucon, Benoit; Kalin, Stephen (8 October 2023). "Iran Helped Plot Attack on Israel Over Several Weeks". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^
Watson, Kathryn (18 October 2023). "In Israel, Biden says it appears "the other team" is to blame for Gaza hospital explosion". CBS News. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
"Canada says it is confident Israel not behind deadly blast at Gaza hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
"French intel says Palestinian rocket likely cause of Gaza hospital blast". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
Walker, Peter; Walker, Peter (23 October 2023). "Gaza hospital blast caused by militants' rocket, UK agencies believe". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
^"Revisiting a key video used to assess the Gaza hospital blast". CNN. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
^"Human Rights Watch says rocket misfire likely cause of deadly Gaza hospital blast". Reuters. 26 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^Thomson, Alex (18 October 2023). "Who was behind the Gaza hospital blast – visual investigation". Channel 4 News. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
^Hamas says it has released two American hostages being held in Gaza. Channel 4. 20 October 2023. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via YouTube.
^
"Two Additional Hostages Released From Gaza". New York Times. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
"Israel Latest: Gaza Air Strikes to Intensify Before 'Next Stage'". Bloomberg News. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
Gutiérrez, Óscar (24 October 2023). "A reconstruction of the Al Ahli hospital massacre in Gaza that set the Islamic world on fire". EL PAÍS English. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
Horton, Jake; Cheetham, Joshua; Sardarizadeh, Shayan (26 October 2023). "Gaza hospital blast: What does new analysis tell us?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
^"Israeli disinformation: Al-Ahli Hospital". Forensic Architecture. 15 February 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
^"Report disputes Israel claims about al-Ahli hospital bombing". The New Arab. 19 February 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
^St. Felix, Doreen (15 July 2024). "HOW LAWRENCE ABU HAMDAN HEARS THE WORLD". The New Yorker. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
^Ravid, Barak (28 October 2023). "Israeli military launches major ground incursion in Gaza". Axios. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
^ a bJackson, Patrick. "Israel Gaza live news: Doctors in Gaza say Israel has told them to evacuate a key hospital in Gaza City". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^Lowe, Yohannes; Hall, Rachel; Ratcliffe, Rebecca (29 October 2023). "Israel-Hamas war live: WHO 'deeply concerned' by report of evacuation warning to Gaza's al-Quds hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^"Dozens reported killed in Gaza refugee camp blast". BBC News. 30 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Rose, Emily; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (31 October 2023). "Israel strikes dense Gaza camp, says it kills Hamas commander". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^"Photos: Dozens killed in Israeli air attack on Jabalia refugee camp in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^"Jabalia: Israel air strike reportedly kills dozens at Gaza refugee camp". BBC News. 31 October 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^Pacchiani, Gianluca. "Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Qatar condemn Israeli strikes in Gaza's Jabaliya". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ a bRamos, Daniel (1 November 2023). "Bolivia severs ties with Israel, others recall envoys over Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^"Israel-Gaza war live updates: Injured Gazans enter Egypt; new strike on Jabalya camp, hospital says". The Washington Post. 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^Koettl, Christoph; Tiefenthäler, Ainara; Willis, Haley; Cardia, Alexander (3 November 2023). "Israel Used 2,000-Pound Bombs in Strike on Jabaliya, Analysis Shows". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023.
^Browne, Malachy; Collier, Neil (14 November 2023). "Evidence Points to Israeli Shells in Strikes on Gaza's Largest Hospital". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
^"Gaza: Israeli Strike Killing 106 Civilians an Apparent War Crime". Human Rights Watch. 4 April 2024. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
^Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Williams, Dan (1 November 2023). "First evacuees leave Gaza after another night of Israeli bombardments". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^"Israel's strikes on Gaza refugee camp could be war crimes, UN says". South China Morning Post. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^"Nasrallah says Oct. 7 assault '100% Palestinian,' Hezbollah knew nothing about it". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
^"Hamas siphons fuel from hospitals, IDF reveals in intercepted call". Ynetnews. 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
^"Israel strikes ambulance near Gaza hospital, 15 reported killed". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ a b c d"Palestinian Red Crescent condemns deadly strike on Gaza ambulance". The Guardian. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^ a bAl-Mughrabi, Nidal; Lewis, Simon; Al-Khalidi, Suleiman (4 November 2023). "Palestinians say Israeli strike hits U.N.-run school as Blinken meets Arab leaders". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^"Israeli airstrikes kill 80 in Palestinian refugee camp". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ a b c d e f g h i j"Is Israel intentionally attacking aid workers? | Responsible Statecraft". responsiblestatecraft.org. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
^ a b c"Israel agrees to ceasefire deal, paving way for some captives' release". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
^ a b c dBurke, Jason; Michaelson, Ruth; Borger, Julian (22 November 2023). "Israel and Hamas agree deal for release of some hostages and four-day ceasefire". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
^"Israel, Hamas agree to ceasefire deal that also sees captives exchanged". CBC News. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
^"Israel-Hamas truce extends by two days, Qatar says: Live updates". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^Kingsley, Patrick (28 November 2023). "A Gaza Truce Aids Both Sides. Until the Calculus Changes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
^"Israel-Hamas war live updates: Gaza cease-fire extended a day; Jerusalem shooting kills 3". NBC News. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
^Kingsley, Patrick; Hubbard, Ben; Fuller, Thomas (1 December 2023). "Israel Resumes Offensive in Gaza Strip After Truce With Hamas Ends". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^"Who are the remaining Gaza hostages?". France24. 12 February 2024. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
^ a bNoriega, D. (30 November 2023). "Israeli prisoner release shines light on system of detaining Palestinians without charge". NBC News. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
^Pietromarchi, Usaid; Siddiqui, Virginia (2 December 2023). "Israel-Gaza war updates: 'No negotiations now on truce', says Hamas". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^"White House says Israel 'making effort' to better protect Gaza civilians". The Times of Israel. 3 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^"Released Palestinians allege mistreatment in Israeli prisons". France24. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
^"Israel-Gaza live news: IDF resumes strikes as ceasefire with Hamas ends". BBC News. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
^Smith, Alexander; Talmazan, Yuliya (5 December 2023). "Israel's new grid maps add to confusion and anger in Gaza". NBC News. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma; Burke, Jason (2 December 2023). "Israel has started using its new grid system for evacuation warnings". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^Barbakh, Arafat; Salem, Mohammed (4 December 2023). "Israel presses ground offensive in southern Gaza, air strikes intensify". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^Hendrix, Steve; Berger, Miriam (6 December 2023). "Israel touts civilian warning system, but for Gazans, nowhere is safe". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^Hubbard, Ben (5 December 2023). "Israel-Hamas War: New Phase of Israel's Military Campaign Remains Deadly for Gazans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^Hammer, Mathias (5 December 2023). "U.S. Military Equipment Traced to Possible War Crimes in Gaza, Report Finds". Time. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^Salam, Yasmine; Abdelkader, Rima; Mulligan, Matthew. "Abandoned babies found decomposing in Gaza hospital weeks after it was evacuated". NBC News. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^"Israel risks 'strategic defeat' if civilians aren't protected, Pentagon chief says". The Hill. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^Lewis, Simon; Pamuk, Humeyra; Mason, Jeff; Pamuk, Humeyra; Mason, Jeff (4 December 2023). "Too early to assess if Israel heeding US calls to protect civilians -US spokesperson". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^Salman, Abeer; Noor Haq, Sana (11 December 2023). "Prominent Gaza professor and writer killed in airstrike, weeks after telling CNN he and his family had 'nowhere else to go'". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
^"Watch Brian Cox read "If I Must Die" by murdered Palestinian poet Refaat Alareer". Literary Hub. 13 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
^"IDF: Troops fighting in the heart of Khan Younis in most intensive battles since ground op began". The Times of Israel. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^"Israeli army surrounds Khan Younis as southern Gaza attacks intensify". Al Jazeera. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^היום ה-65 של המלחמה | עדכונים שוטפים [The 65th day of the war | Regular updates]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^"Over 150 Hamas terrorists surrender to IDF forces in Khan Yunis". i24news. 7 December 2023. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^Kershner, Isabel (7 December 2023). "Israel Says It Detained Hundreds of Terrorism Suspects in Gaza". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^Beaumont, Peter (8 December 2023). "Footage shows IDF parading scores of Palestinian men around in underwear". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^"Israel-Gaza war: Video shows Gaza detainees allegedly 'surrendering guns' – what we know". BBC News. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
^"Israel-Hamas War Day 65: Israeli Army Kills Hamas Commander in Gaza; Syria: Israel Struck Near Damascus". Haaretz. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
^"Urgently investigate inhumane treatment and enforced disappearance of Palestinians detainees from Gaza". Amnesty International. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^"Israel suffers heaviest combat losses since October, diplomatic isolation". Reuters. 13 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
^"Biden bypasses Congress to sell tank shells to Israel amid further fighting in Khan Younis". The Guardian. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
^"US govt. again skips Congress for emergency weapons sale to Israel". NHK World. 30 December 2023.
^Tabachnick, Cara (15 December 2023). "3 hostages in Gaza were killed by friendly fire, Israeli military says". CBS News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
^"Israel-Hamas war live updates: IDF says it mistakenly killed 3 Israeli hostages during fighting". NBC News. 15 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
^Fabian, Emanuel (15 December 2023). "IDF troops mistakenly open fire and kill 3 hostages in northern Gaza battlefield". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
^Lubell, Maayan (16 December 2023). "Israeli hostages killed in Gaza were holding white flag, official says". Reuters. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
^"Drone footage raises questions about Israeli justification for deadly strike on Gaza journalists". The Washington Post. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
^"Hamas fires barrage of rockets just as Israel ushers in the new year". The Times of Israel. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
^"Rocket fire on Tel Aviv for 1st time in over a month". Ynet. 29 January 2024. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
^"Israeli Military Near End of Most Intense Phase of Gaza Fighting, Defense Minister Says". Wall Street Journal. 15 January 2024. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
^Iraqi, Amjad (1 May 2024). "A Gaza team went to repair a telecoms machine. An Israeli tank fired at them". +972 Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^"Israel army says Hamas command structure 'dismantled' in north Gaza". South China Morning Post. 7 January 2024.
^Kubovich, Yaniv. "IDF spokesperson: 21 soldiers killed from building collapsing due to RPG fire by Hamas in southern Gaza". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
^"Hamas causes buildings to collapse – 21 IDF soldiers dead, several injured". The Jerusalem Post. 23 January 2024. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
^Kingsley, Patrick; Bergman, Ronen; Odenheimer, Natan (23 January 2024). "The Israeli military says 21 of the soldiers were killed in a single explosion". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
^Sokol, Sam. "PM mourns deaths of soldiers in Gaza: 'We must learn the necessary lessons'". timesofisrael.com. Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
^"Herzog: 'The names of more of the best of our sons are added to the headstones of heroes'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
^"Gallant after 21 soldiers killed in central Gaza incident: 'Deaths compel us to achieve war's goals'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
^"The Killing of Hind Rajab". forensic-architecture.org. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
^"Hind Rajab, Gaza 6-Year-Old Who Spoke Of Fear On Phone To Rescuers, Found Dead". Yahoo! News. 10 February 2024. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
^"Israeli strikes hit Rafah after Biden warns Netanyahu to have 'credible' plan to protect civilians". ap.com. Associated Press. 11 February 2024. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
^Jared Malsin; Summer Said. "WSJ News Exclusive: Egypt Builds Walled Enclosure on Border as Israeli Offensive Looms". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
^Rashwan, Nada; Triebert, Christiaan (15 February 2024). "Egypt Is Building a Wall Near Gaza Border but Won't Say Why". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
^"North Sinai Governor denies rumors of 'constructing displacement camps' for Gazans in Egyptian Rafah". Ahram Online. 15 February 2024. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
^"Israel indicates March deadline for Gaza ground offensive in Rafah". BBC News. 19 February 2024. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
^Salman, Abeer; Diamond, Jeremy (29 February 2024). "More than 100 killed as Israeli forces open fire in chaos at Gaza food lines, Palestinian health ministry says". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
^"Flour massacre: How Gaza food killings unfolded, and Israel's story changed". Al Jazeera. 1 March 2024. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
^"'Massacre': Dozens killed by Israeli fire in Gaza while collecting food aid". Al Jazeera. 29 February 2024. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
^"Biden says US military to airdrop food and supplies into Gaza". Reuters. 1 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
^"U.S. Begins Airdrops of Humanitarian Aid in Gaza". The New York Times. 2 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
^"US to set up temporary port on Gaza coast for aid delivery". BBC News. 8 March 2024. Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
^Beaule, Victoria; Savir, Dana (11 March 2024). "Israel extends road to now traverse Gaza, satellite imagery shows". ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
^"Fighting Rages Around Two Gaza Hospitals as Pressure on Israel Rises". The New York Times. 28 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
^"إسرائيل تغتال فائق المبحوح في غزة.. ما أبرز مهامه؟". التلفزيون العربي (in Arabic). 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^Gunter, Joel; Gritten, David (18 March 2024). "Israeli forces raid Gaza City's al-Shifa hospital". Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^Berger, Miriam; Loveluck, Louisa (19 March 2024). "Israeli forces raid Gaza City hospital; U.S. confirms death of top Hamas leader". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
^"US says seeking information on reports of detained Al Jazeera reporter in Gaza". Reuters. 18 March 2024.
^"Israeli forces storm Gaza's al-Shifa Hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^"Al Jazeera journalist freed after 12-hour arrest by Israeli forces in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^ a b"Witnesses: IDF assaulted, detained Al-Jazeera journalist in hospital raid". Committee to Protect Journalists. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^"IDF, Shin Bet name senior Hamas terrorists killed at Shifa". The Times of Israel. 30 March 2024. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
^"Al-Shifa Hospital witnesses reveal bloodshed of Israeli raid". The New Arab.
^"Israeli Troops Withdraw From Shifa Hospital". TIME. 1 April 2024. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
^Tondo, Lorenzo (1 April 2024). "Israeli forces withdraw from Gaza's al-Shifa hospital after two-week raid leaving facility in ruins". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
^"As Israel withdraws from raid on Shifa Hospital, accounts from military and witnesses differ wildly". AP News. 1 April 2024. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
^Edwards, Christian; Yeung, Jessie (1 April 2024). "Israeli troops end Al-Shifa hospital raid, leaving behind bodies and trail of destruction". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
^Tondo, Lorenzo (10 April 2024). "Mass burials at al-Shifa hospital". Forensic Architecture. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
^"Israel Gaza: US reports death of senior Hamas military leader Marwan Issa". BBC. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^Kent, Lauren; Al-Za'anoun, Khader; Khadder, Kareem (23 March 2024). "At least 19 Palestinians killed by Israeli military while waiting for aid in Gaza – Gazan authorities". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
^"UN Security Council adopts resolution demanding immediate Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
^Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid (27 March 2024). "Gaza ceasefire hopes 'drowned out' by Israel's non-stop bombing". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
^Vogt, Adrienne; B. Powell, Tori; Berlinger, Joshua; Lau, Chris (30 March 2024). "Israel admits killing 2 Palestinians and then burying them with a bulldozer after shocking video surfaces". CNN. Archived from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
^"Israeli soldiers shoot and kill two unarmed Palestinians in Gaza: Video". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
^"7 WCK team members killed in Gaza". World Central Kitchen. 2 April 2024. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
^ a bShurafa, W.; Magdy, S. (3 April 2024). "With famine looming, aid group halts food delivery in Gaza after Israeli strike kills 7 workers". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
^"Gaza aid convoy strike: what happened and who were the victims?". The Guardian. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
^"World Central Kitchen halts operations in Gaza after strike kills staff". BBC News. 2 April 2024. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
^"Israeli cabinet approves reopening of Erez Crossing for first time since October 7, says official". CNN. 4 April 2024. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
^"IDF Withdraws All Troops from Southern Gaza". Jewish News Syndicate. 7 April 2024. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
^"Gaza truce talks stall, as 'date set' for Rafah offensive". RTÉ. Agence France-Presse/Reuters. 8 April 2024. Archived from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
^Magramo, Kathleen; Radford, Antoinette (15 April 2024). "Live updates: Israel intercepts Iran drone attacks and weighs response, Gaza crisis continues". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
^"Israel intensifies strikes on Rafah ahead of threatened invasion". Reuters. 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
^"Israel says Rafah assault looms; massive Gaza airstrikes end weeks of relative calm". Reuters. 25 April 2024. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
^Stack, Liam (5 May 2024). "Three Israeli Soldiers Killed in Rocket Attack Claimed by Hamas". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
^"Israel orders Rafah evacuation as Gaza truce talks stall". Al Jazeera. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 14 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
^Ni, Vincent; Frayer, Lauren (6 May 2024). "Hamas has accepted a cease-fire deal proposed by Egypt and Qatar". Middle East crisis—explained. NPR. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
^"Hamas accepts Gaza ceasefire proposal from Egypt and Qatar". CNN. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
^Sources:
"Hamas says no budging from already-rejected hostage deal offer as Cairo talks break up". The Times of Israel. 10 May 2024. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024. Jerusalem swiftly rejected the proposal for falling short of its "vital demands," but okayed dispatching a working-level delegation to the indirect talks in Cairo.
Alghoul, Fares; Khraiche, Dana; Altstein, Galit (7 May 2024). "Israel Says a Cease-Fire Plan Backed by Hamas Falls Short". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024. The Palestinian militant group Hamas said it had agreed to a cease-fire proposal for the Gaza Strip, but Israel's war cabinet unanimously rejected it as 'far from Israel's necessary demands,'...
Osborne, Samuel (7 May 2024). "Israel claims control of key Rafah crossing after rejecting ceasefire deal with Hamas". Sky News. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024. The Israeli military claims it has taken control of the vital Rafah border crossing between Gaza and Egypt – hours after rejecting a ceasefire deal accepted by Hamas.
^Burke, Jason; Tantesh, Malak A.; Borger, Julian (6 May 2024). "Israeli airstrikes on Rafah begin despite mounting ceasefire pressure". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
^Gritten, David (6 May 2024). "Hamas says it accepts Gaza ceasefire proposal". BBC News. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
^ a b"Israel-Gaza war live: Israel 'plans to proceed with Rafah invasion plans' after Hamas ceasefire announcement". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
^Kathleen Magramo; Adam Renton; Antoinette Radford; Sana Noor Haq; Ed Upright; Tara John; Aditi Sangal; Elise Hammond (6 May 2024). "Israeli airstrikes kill multiple people in Rafah, Palestinian Civil Defense says". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
^"Israeli troops said fighting near Rafah crossing with Egypt". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
^"Israel's war on Gaza live: Israel blasts Rafah; fate of ceasefire uncertain". aljazeera.com. Aljazeera. Archived from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
^"Israel seizes key Gaza border crossing as it launches assault on Rafah". Al Jazeera. 7 May 2024. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
^Magdy, Samy; Lidman, Melanie; Keath, Lee (7 May 2024). "Israel seizes Gaza's vital Rafah crossing, but the US says it isn't the full invasion many fear". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
^Kubovich, Yaniv (7 May 2024). "Israel Commits to Limit Rafah Operation, Grant Control of Crossing With Egypt to Private U.S. Firm". Haaretz.
^"US paused weapons shipment to Israel amid concern over Rafah, senior US official says". The Guardian. 8 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
^Liptak, Kevin (8 May 2024). "Biden says he will stop sending bombs and artillery shells to Israel if it launches major invasion of Rafah". CNN. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
^"Israeli army orders more evacuations from Rafah as it expands Gaza assault". Al Jazeera. 11 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
^"Palestinians mark 76 years of their dispossession as more catastrophe unfolds in Gaza". AP News. 16 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
^"UN says only 906 aid truckloads reached Gaza since Israel's Rafah operation began". Reuters. 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
^ a b"Israel/OPT: Israeli attacks targeting Hamas and other armed group fighters that killed scores of displaced civilians in Rafah should be investigated as war crimes". Amnesty International. 26 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
^"At least 45 killed in Israeli airstrike on displaced persons camp in Rafah, health ministry says, hours after Hamas fired rockets into Israel". CBS News. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
^"May 26, 2024 Israel-Hamas war". CNN. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
^"World leaders condemn Israeli strike after 45 are reported killed in Gaza tent camp". NBC News. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
^"International Outrage Over Israel's Rafah Tent Massacre Has Not Slowed IDF Offensive". HuffPost. 28 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
^"Israel's war on Gaza updates: New massacre of displaced civilians in Rafah". Al Jazeera. 28 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
^"Israel did not strike humanitarian area, says IDF spokesperson". The Jerusalem Post. 28 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
^"Biden announces Israel has offered a three-part proposal to end the war in Gaza". NBC News. 31 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
^ a bTondo, Lorenzo (10 July 2024). "Israeli strike on Khan Younis shelter kills at least 31 amid surge in Gaza fighting". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
^Ravid, Barak (8 June 2024). "Israel rescues four hostages held by Hamas in Gaza". Axios.
^"Israel rescues 4 hostages taken in Hamas' Oct. 7 attack, and 210 Palestinians are reported killed". AP News. 8 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
^Jahjouh, Mohammad; Jeffery, Jack; Chehayeb, Kareem (10 June 2024). "How an Israeli raid freed 4 hostages and killed at least 274 Palestinians in Gaza". AP News. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
^Izso, Lauren; Tawfeeq, Mohammed (24 June 2024). "'Intense phase of war with Hamas about to end,' focus to shift to Lebanon border, Netanyahu says". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
^"Hamas clears the way for a possible cease-fire in Gaza after dropping key demand, officials say". AP News. 6 July 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
^"Israel storms Gaza City neighbourhood and orders Palestinians to go south". Middle East Monitor. 27 June 2024. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
^"UN: 274 people killed in attacks on 21 schools in Gaza". Middle East Monitor. 14 August 2024.
^"UN Human Rights Office – OPT: The UN Human Rights Office condemns Israeli Defense Force's Strike on Al Tabae'en School in Gaza City – occupied Palestinian territory". ReliefWeb. 10 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
^Video shows the moment a deadly strike hits Al-Awda school in Gaza. NBC News. 10 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024 – via YouTube. Contains graphic images of severe injury.
^Kent, Lauren; Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Khadder, Kareem; Salman, Abeer (9 July 2024). "At least 25 people killed in strike on school complex near Khan Younis, Gaza Health Ministry says". CNN. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
^"At least 50 killed in Israeli attacks as Gaza City fighting rages". Al Jazeera. 9 July 2024. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
^Abeer Salman; Lauren Kent; Ibrahim Dahman (14 July 2024). "At least 22 killed in strike on makeshift mosque in Gaza City camp, hospital official says". CNN. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
^"Hamas-run health ministry says at least 71 killed in strike on Gaza's al Mawasi". BBC News. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
^Gadzo, Mersiha. "Israel's war on Gaza updates: Israeli strikes on al-Mawasi kill at least 90". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 July 2024. A separate Israeli attack has killed at least 20 people who had gathered to pray near the ruins of a mosque at the Shati refugee camp in Gaza City
^Stephan, Laure (17 July 2024). "UNRWA headquarters in Gaza City in ruins following recent Israeli air raid". Le Monde. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
^Berman, Lazar (18 July 2024). "Turkey slams destruction of hospital near Gaza City; IDF: Hamas used it as military complex, to hold hostages". Times of Israel.
^"IDF orders evacuation of part of Gaza safe zone, says Hamas deeply embedded in area". The Times of Israel. 22 July 2024.
^ a bAl-Mughrabi, Nidal; Rabinovitch, Ari; Khaled, Hatem (22 July 2024). "Israel sends tanks back into Khan Younis area, 70 killed after new evacuation order". Reuters.
^"Gaza war: 150,000 have fled Khan Younis since Monday, UN says". BBC News. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
^Rasgon, Adam; Bigg, Matthew Mpoke; Stevenson, Alexandra; Fuller, Thomas (23 July 2024). "Rival Palestinian Factions Project Unity, but Deep Divisions Remain". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 July 2024. The Gazan Health Ministry said that 73 people had been killed by Israel's bombardment of the area on Monday, including 24 children. More than 270 others were injured, some severely, the ministry said.
^"At least 39,090 Palestinians killed in Gaza since Oct. 7: Ministry". Al Arabiya. Agence France-Presse. 23 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024. According to the health ministry, the death toll from an Israeli operation launched in Khan Younis on Monday rose to 73, including 24 children and 15 women, with more than 270 wounded.
^"Al Jazeera journalist, cameraman killed in Israeli attack on Gaza". Al Jazeera. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
^Motamedi, Maziar; Najjar, Farah (13 August 2024). "'Displacement never ends in Gaza': UNRWA". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
^Osgood, Brian (1 August 2024). "15 killed in attack on shelter for displaced". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
^"1st LD Writethru: 15 killed by Israeli bombing in Gaza City". Xinhua News Agency. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
^Motamedi, Maziar (3 August 2024). "17 killed in attacks on shelter". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
^"Israeli airstrike hits school-turn-shelter in Gaza, killing and mounding many". Wafa. 3 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma (4 August 2024). "Gaza: airstrikes on schools and a hospital kill 30 amid 'heated' US-Israeli talks". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 August 2024. Not all the dead have been identified, but civilians make up a majority of the 25,000 who have been named.
^"Strike on Gaza kills 4 and stabbing in Israel kills 2 as fears of wider war spike across the Mideast". The Washington Post. 4 August 2024. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 4 August 2024. Gaza's Health Ministry does not differentiate between civilians and militants in its tallies.
^"Strike hits a tent camp in the courtyard of Al Aqsa Martyrs hospital in central Gaza". AP News. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
^Yee, Vivian; Abuheweila, Iyad; Harouda, Ameera (4 August 2024). "Israeli Strike on Gaza Shelter Kills at Least 30 and Injures Dozens". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
^Najjar, Farah; Motamedi, Maziar (8 August 2024). "Death toll rises to 15 in Israeli attack on schools". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
^
"Israeli airstrike on a Gaza school used as a shelter kills at least 80, Palestinian officials say". AP News. 10 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024. Fadel Naeem, director of the al-Ahli hospital in Gaza City, told The Associated Press that the facility received 70 bodies along with the body parts of at least 10 others.
"Israeli strike on Gaza school kills more than 100: Report". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 August 2024. Without providing evidence, the Israeli military said in a separate statement that it had intelligence indicating there were 20 Hamas and Islamic Jihad fighters, including senior commanders, operating from the school.
Fabian, Emanuel (10 August 2024). "IDF doubts Hamas claim of over 100 dead after strike on terror operatives at Gaza school". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
"Israel Strikes School Complex Turned Shelter in Gaza, Killing Dozens, Local Health Officials Say". The New York Times. 10 August 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
^Mccready, Alastair; Quillen, Stephen; Uras, Umut. "Nine children killed in az-Zawayda attack". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
^Quillen, Stephen; Uras, Umut. "Death toll from Gaza City school strike rises to 12". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 August 2024. However, others are still missing under the building's rubble, with rescuers unable to reach them due to a lack of equipment, it said.
^"Israeli strike on Gaza school kills 7, injures 15". The Times of India. 20 August 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 20 August 2024. After an Israeli plane dropped a bomb on the second floor of the (Mustafa Hafiz School) building housing thousands of displaced people," The agency's spokesman, Mahmud Bassal told AFP, adding, that the bodies of five adult males and two children were recovered from the rubble.
^Motamedi, Maziar; Siddiqui, Usaid (24 August 2024). "They 'could have been saved': UN on Israel delaying access to bombed home". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 August 2024. There were 10 people inside the destroyed building, including five between the ages of four and six, according to Scott Anderson, OCHA's deputy humanitarian coordinator for Gaza.
^Motamedi, Maziar; Siddiqui, Usaid (24 August 2024). "A breakdown of Israel's deadly attacks on Gaza today". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 August 2024. Eleven Palestinians, including children and women, were killed following an Israeli bombardment on the al-Katiba area in Khan Younis.
^"Hamas urges condemnation over Quran burning by Israeli soldiers". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
^"Israel, Hamas agree to zoned three-day pauses for Gaza polio vaccinations, WHO says". Reuters. 29 August 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
^Adler, Nils; Quillen, Stephen; Uras, Umut (31 August 2024). "Photos: Polio vaccination campaign begins at Nasser Hospital". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
^Clinton, Jane (30 August 2024). ""The Israeli military said on Friday it had wrapped up a month-long operation in southern and central Gaza that it said killed more than 250 Palestinian fighters"". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
^"Aid group says Israeli strike on Gaza convoy kills Palestinians". BBC News. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
^Jamal, Urooba; Mohamed, Edna. "Eleven killed after Israel bombs school housing war displaced". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 September 2024. Earlier, we reported the Israeli military's claim that its air force hit a Hamas "command and control centre" allegedly embedded inside the facility.
^Quillen, Stephen; Siddiqui, Usaid (4 September 2024). "First phase of vaccination drive in central Gaza complete: WHO". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
^Siddiqui, Usaid (4 September 2024). "Israeli military claims it killed 200 Palestinian fighters in weeklong Rafah operation". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 September 2024. They found some of the weapons in "civilian structures", the military said.
^"Israel Hinders Polio Vaccination; U.N. Warns Gazans Getting No Food in "Beyond Catastrophic" Scenario". Democracy Now!. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
^Siddiqui, Usaid; Gostoli, Ylenia (9 September 2024). "Gaza's polio vaccination campaign extended amid attacks". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
^Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Nasser, Irene (10 September 2024). "Dozens killed as Israeli strikes on Gaza humanitarian zone spark desperate search for buried victims". CNN. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
^Staff, Al Jazeera (10 September 2024). "What's Mawasi, the Israel-designated Gaza 'safe zone' it bombed overnight?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 September 2024. Analysis of footage of the bomb site by Al Jazeera's Sanad suggests that Israel deployed the US-manufactured 2,000-pound MK-84 bomb on the encampment.
^Mccready, Alastair; Rasheed, Zaheena; Marsi, Federica; Gostoli, Ylenia; Uras, Umut; Najjar, Farah (13 September 2024). "Survivors recount horror of collecting body parts after Israeli air strikes on al-Mawasi". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 September 2024. At least 22 more are reported missing, presumed to have been vaporised by the force of the explosions.
^"UN convoy in Gaza released after being detained by Israel". Reuters. 9 September 2024.
^"Gallant: 'Hamas as a military formation no longer exists'". Jewish News Syndicate. 11 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
^Belam, Martin; Ambrose, Tom; Belam (now), Martin; Ambrose (earlier), Tom (16 September 2024). "Israel-Gaza war: new generations being recruited as conflict continues, senior Hamas official says". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 September 2024. There were martyrs and there were sacrifices ... but in return there was an accumulation of experiences and the recruitment of new generations into the resistance.
^Mccready, Alastair; Rasheed, Zaheena; Marsi, Federica; Varshalomidze, Tamila; Jamal, Urooba; Siddiqui, Usaid (11 September 2024). "Israel bombs home near Khan Younis, kills at least 13: Reports". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 11 September 2024. Three generations of the same family were residing there, including the grandparents, parents and children.
^"2 soldiers killed, several wounded in helicopter crash in south Gaza". The Times of Israel. 11 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024. According to the probe, the helicopter was not hit by enemy fire, and the crash occurred moments before the aircraft was supposed to land, meaning it did not fall from a significant height.
^"Israel Gaza: UN says Israeli air strike killed six of its staff". BBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2024. Other footage showed ambulances bringing wounded men, women and children said to have been wounded in the strike to al-Aqsa hospital in the town of Deir al-Balah. The Associated Press cited hospital officials as saying that al-Awda had received 10 bodies and al-Aqsa another four, and that they included one woman and two children.
^"Six Unrwa workers among estimated 18 killed in Israeli strike on Gaza school sheltering displaced". The Guardian. 12 September 2024. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 September 2024. Earlier, Israel's military said its air force had "conducted a precise strike on terrorists who were operating inside a Hamas command-and-control centre" on the school grounds, without elaborating on the outcome or the identities of those targeted.
^Mccready, Alastair; Rasheed, Zaheena; Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid; Varshalomidze, Tamila; Jamal, Urooba (11 September 2024). "Death toll of Israeli attack on UNRWA school rises to 18". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 September 2024. At least 20 people were wounded.
^Fabian, Emanuel (12 September 2024). "IDF declares Hamas's Rafah Brigade defeated; no active cross-border tunnels found". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
^Rowlands, Lyndal; McCready, Alastair; Quillen, Stephen; Marsi, Federica; Najjar, Farah (12 September 2024). "Hamas brigade in Rafah 'dismantled', Israel's army says". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
^Mccready, Alastair; Rasheed, Zaheena; Siddiqui, Usaid; Marsi, Federica; Jamal, Urooba (14 September 2024). "Eleven bodies retrieved from rubble in Gaza City's Tuffah area: Civil defence". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 September 2024. "We have recovered the bodies of 11 martyrs, including four children and three women, after an Israeli air strike hit the house of the Bustan family in eastern Gaza City," civil defence spokesman Mahmoud Basal told the AFP news agency.
^Rowlands, Lyndal; Rasheed, Zaheena; Siddiqui, Usaid; Motamedi, Maziar; Najjar, Farah (16 September 2024). "The Wafa news agency is reporting that several children and women were among the 10 Palestinians killed in the Israel's attack on the Nuseirat refugee camp". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
^Rowlands, Lyndal; Rasheed, Zaheena; Siddiqui, Usaid; Motamedi, Maziar; Najjar, Farah (16 September 2024). "At least 10 Palestinians killed and 15 wounded in another Israeli attack on the Nuseirat refugee camp in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
^"UNRWA chief: Gaza polio vaccination coverage has reached 90%". Reuters. 16 September 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
^Rowlands, Lyndal; Rasheed, Zaheena; Jamal, Urooba; Siddiqui, Usaid (23 September 2024). "Most victims of Saturday's school attack were women and children: Rights group". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 September 2024. It said 13 children and six women were among the 21 Palestinians killed in the assault. Health officials said earlier that 22 people had been killed. Euro-Med, which sent a field and legal team to the site of the attack, said the victims included a woman who was three months pregnant. At least 30 others were wounded, including nine children who had to have their legs amputated.
^"Israeli attack on Gaza school sheltering displaced Palestinians kills 22". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
^"IDF says airstrike targeted Hamas command room in a Gaza school; Palestinians say 10 killed". The Times of Israel. 21 September 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
^Najjar, Farah (24 September 2024). "Fourteen Palestinians killed in Israeli strikes on central Gaza Strip". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 September 2024. Eleven people have been killed in an Israeli air raid on the Nuseirat refugee camp in the central Gaza Strip, the Palestinian Civil Defence has said.
^"Israel sends unidentified bodies to Gaza as Palestinian officials demand answers". NBC News. 25 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
^"Death toll from Israeli airstrike on Jabalia school surges to 15". Wafa. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
^Mohamed, Edna (26 September 2024). "Israel's military confirms attack on Jabalia school". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 September 2024. Israel's military claims the Hafsa al-Faluja School in Gaza's Jabalia that it targeted was being used as a Hamas "command and control centre". Without sharing any evidence, the military said it targeted Hamas members who had previously planned attacks against Israel.
^Fassihi, Farnaz (1 November 2023). "After Years of Vowing to Destroy Israel, Iran Faces a Dilemma". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
^ a b"Syria says Israeli missiles hit Damascus, Aleppo airports". Reuters. 12 October 2023.
^"An Israeli airstrike on the Syrian capital killed at least 5 Iranian advisers, officials say". AP News. 20 January 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
^ a b"State media say an Israeli strike kills 2 in a Damascus residential area. Another kills 2 in Lebanon". AP News. 21 February 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
^ a b cTanyos, Faris; Tabachnick, Cara (13 April 2024). "Iran launches drones toward Israel in retaliatory attack after consulate strike in Syria". CBS News. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
^ a b"Israel braces as Iran launches wave of retaliatory strikes". CNN. 13 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
^Tharoor, Ishaan (31 October 2023). "As Israel pummels Gaza, the crisis in the West Bank comes into focus". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
^שלום, עודד; לשבת", "מוסף (9 November 2023). "האלימות של המתנחלים ביו"ש מפריעה לצה"ל. חייבים להבין, זה עלול להביא להסלמה שתוביל לפתיחת עוד זירה" [The violence of the settlers in Yosh disturbs the IDF. We must understand, this may lead to an escalation that will lead to the opening of another arena]. ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
^"Spike in Israeli lethal force against Palestinians in Occupied West Bank". Amnesty International. 5 February 2024. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
^"Israel's 'chilling disregard' for life in occupied West Bank: Amnesty". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
^Rasgon, Adam (6 February 2024). "Mideast Crisis: In Gaza's Crowded South, Many Fear a New Israeli Ground Push". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
^Solomon, Erika (28 August 2024). "Jenin, a Target of Israeli Raids, Is Symbol of Palestinian Opposition and Militancy". The New York Times.
^ a bKnell, Yolande; Luckhurst, Toby (27 August 2024). "Under cover of war, extremists are seizing Palestinian land – they hope permanently". BBC News.
^Abi-Habib, Maria; Nazzal, Rami (30 October 2023). "Settler Violence Against Palestinians in the West Bank Is Rising". The New York Times.
^Loveluck, Louisa (9 November 2023). "Settler violence is erasing Palestinian communities in the West Bank". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
^Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (11 October 2023). "Palestinians scramble for safety as Israel pounds sealed-off Gaza Strip to punish Hamas". Associated Press. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^"Four Palestinians killed in Israeli settler attack: ministry". France 24. 11 October 2023.
^"aistishhad 'ab wanajlih birasas almustawtinin janub nabulus" استشهاد أب ونجله برصاص المستوطنين جنوب نابلس [Father and son killed by settlers' gunfire south of Nablus]. Al Quds (in Arabic). 12 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^"2 Palestinians killed after settlers said to ambush funeral in West Bank". The Times of Israel. 12 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^"Palestinians rush to buy food and struggle under strikes as Israel readies possible ground operation". Associated Press. 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^Al Amir, Khitam (18 October 2023). "Jordan cancels US President Biden's visit to Amman, quartet summit". Gulf News. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^Al Tahhan, Zena (18 October 2023). "Palestinian Authority cracks down on protests over Israel Gaza attacks". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^"Hamas spokesman reportedly among scores arrested in occupied West Bank". CNN. 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
^"Israel strikes mosque in occupied West Bank refugee camp". Al Jazeera. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^Fabian, Emanuel (27 October 2023). "IDF confirms deadly clashes with gunmen in West Bank raids; 36 arrested". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
^Jhaveri, Ashka; Moore, Johanna; Tyson, Kathryn; Carter, Brian; Ganzeveld, Annika; Carl, Nicholas (31 October 2023). "Iran Update, October 31, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 1 November 2023. The al Quds Brigades and the Tulkarm Battalion of the al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades conducted a combined small arms attack on Israeli forces in Shuweika near Tulkarm, indicating growing coordination between the two groups. This was the first combined attack between the al Quds Brigades and al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades in the West Bank since October 19.
^Siddiqui, Usaid. "Situation in occupied West Bank 'very hard': Hebron-based activist". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^"Settler violence against Palestinians in West Bank on the rise, OCHA says". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^"More than 14 Palestinians killed as violence flares in West Bank". Reuters. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
^"IDF wraps up 50-hour operation in Nur Shams refugee camp: 10 soldiers hurt, 14 Palestinian gunmen killed". The Times of Israel. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
^"Anti-settlement group says Israel has made largest West Bank land seizure in 3 decades". AP News. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
^"Israel approves plans for nearly 5,300 new homes in West Bank settlements". AP News. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
^"Israeli forces blow up Fatah headquarters during raid near Nablus". Wafa. 7 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
^Najjar, Farah (7 August 2024). "Israeli forces blow up Fatah building in Balata camp: Report". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
^"Government okays establishment of first new West Bank settlement since 2017". The Times of Israel. 14 August 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
^"Israel publishes plan for new West Bank settlement as regional tensions simmer". Reuters. 14 August 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
^"Israeli operation in occupied West Bank leaves at least 10 dead in largest raid in decades". NBC News. 29 August 2024.
^Barghouti, Miriam (4 September 2024). "Inside the brutal siege of Jenin". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
^Smith, Alex; Moench, Mallory (29 August 2024). "UN urges de-escalation as Israeli West Bank raids continue". BBC News.
^Khadder, Kareem; Salman, Abeer; Michaelis, Tamar; Edwards, Christian; Regan, Helen (28 August 2024). "Israel launches large-scale West Bank raid as minister calls for Gaza-style operation". CNN.
^"Israel to classify West Bank as 'combat zone' amid dramatic escalation". www.israelhayom.com. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
^McKernan, Bethan (3 September 2024). "Benjamin Netanyahu putting his own interests before Israel's, says Gantz". The Guardian.
^Fabian, Emanuel (4 September 2024). "Gallant: IDF 'mowing the lawn' with West Bank ops, but will eventually need to 'pull out the roots'". The Times of Israel.
^Schmitz, Avery; Musa, Amanda; Lilieholm, Lucas; Legge, James (7 September 2024). "Family of American killed in West Bank blames Israel for her death, demands independent investigation". CNN. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
^"Israel's settlers are winning unprecedented power from the war in Gaza". The Economist.
^"Under cover of Gaza war, Israel is seizing Palestinian land". New Arab. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
^"A look at how settlements have grown in the West Bank over the years". AP News. 5 July 2024.
^Nashed, Mat (19 July 2024). "How Israeli settlements are taking over the West Bank as Gaza war rages". Al Jazeera.
^Halabi, Liran Tamari Einav; Zitun, Yoav (30 November 2023). "3 killed, at least 11 injured in shooting attack near entrance to Jerusalem". Ynet. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
^Fabian, Emanuel (16 February 2024). "Two killed, 4 hurt in terror attack at Re'em Junction in south Israel; gunman dead". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
^"Israeli settlers kill two Palestinians in West Bank, officials say". The Guardian. 16 April 2024. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
^Tondo, Lorenzo; Taha, Sufian; Burke, Jason (16 May 2024). "'Barbaric': Palestinian lorry drivers recount settlers' attack on Gaza aid convoy". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
^"Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests". Amnesty International. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
^ a b"Welcome to Hell: The Israeli Prison System as a Network of Torture Camps". B'Tselem. 5 August 2024.
^ a bFabian, Emanuel (29 July 2024). "Military Police raid IDF detention facility, 9 held, over 'serious abuse of a detainee'". Times of Israel.
^Qiblawi, Tamara (10 May 2024). "Israeli whistleblowers detail horror of shadowy detention facility for Palestinians". CNN. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
^"Inside Sde Teiman, the Base Where Israel Detains Gazans". The New York Times. 6 June 2024. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
^Qiblawi, Tamara; Goodwin, Allegra; Arvanitidis, Barbara (5 June 2024). "Israel phasing out use of desert detention camp after CNN investigation detailing abuses". CNN. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
^ a b"Israel: Palestinian Healthcare Workers Tortured". Human Rights Watch. 26 August 2024. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
^Grim, Ryan. "Renowned Surgeon and Lead Author of New Lancet Study Tortured by Israeli Military". www.dropsitenews.com. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
^Fabian, Emanuel (30 July 2024). "'Bordering on anarchy': IDF chief sounds alarm after right-wing mob overruns 2nd base". Times of Israel.
^"Israel, Hezbollah exchange fire raising regional tensions". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^Fabian, Emanuel (8 October 2023). "IDF artillery strikes targets in Lebanon as mortar shells fired toward Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^"Israeli strike in southern Lebanon kills civilians, including children; intense bombardment of Gaza City commences: Hamas-Israel war, day 30". L'Orient Today.
^Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 347 soldiers, 58 police officers killed in Gaza war". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 5 November 2023. Six soldiers have also been killed in attacks claimed by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Hezbollah terror group on the border with Lebanon since the fighting started. One soldier was killed in a West Bank terror attack. The military's list also includes a soldier killed by friendly fire in the West Bank, a soldier killed due to malfunctioning ammunition on the Lebanon border, and two soldiers killed in a tank accident in northern Israel.
^"A woman and 3 children are killed by an Israeli airstrike in south Lebanon, local officials say". ABC News. 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
^"Lebanon says Israeli strike kills reporter's 4 relatives". France 24. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^"Lebanon army says one soldier killed in Israeli shelling on border post". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^"Tensions high in south Lebanon in anticipation of Hezbollah's next move". Arab News. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
^Zilber, Neri (16 November 2023). "Israel's dilemma in confronting the threat from Hezbollah". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
^Bar'el, Zvi (5 July 2024). "A Full Reoccupation of Gaza Won't Keep Israelis Safe. It Will Only Fan the Flames". Haaretz. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
^"Israel says Hezbollah rocket kills 12 at football ground, vows response". Reuters. 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
^Uras, Umut; Marsi, Federica (28 July 2024). "Hezbollah's denial of responsibility for rocket attack opens door for de-escalation". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 July 2024. Omar Baddar, a Middle East political analyst, says he believes the rocket attack on the Golan Heights was "almost certainly an accident", regardless of who was responsible for it.
^"Golan Heights: Children dead in football pitch attack". BBC News. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^"Lebanon's health minister says 9 killed, 2,750 wounded by exploding pagers". Al Jazeera. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
^"Hezbollah vows retaliation after exploding pagers kill at least 11 and hurt almost 4,000". The Guardian. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
^Najjar, Farah (18 September 2024). "Hezbollah says it will continue its "operations to support Gaza, its people, and its resistance" after simultaneous explosions of pagers used by its members killed 12 people and wounded thousands across Lebanon. Several wounded in neighbouring Syria". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
^"Round two? Additional Hezbollah devices explode in southern Lebanon". The Jerusalem Post. 18 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
^"At least 45 killed in Israeli strike on suburb in Lebanon's Beirut". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
^Rowlands, Lyndal; Rasheed, Zaheena; Motamedi, Maziar; Jamal, Urooba (22 September 2024). "Beirut attack toll rises". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 September 2024. Lebanon's Health Ministry has just published a statement saying that the death toll from Friday's Israeli attack on southern Beirut has risen to 45.
^Mccready, Alastair; Regencia, Ted; Jamal, Urooba; Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid (21 September 2024). "Death toll in Beirut attack goes up". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024. Lebanon's Health Minister says at least 31 people, including three children and seven women, were killed in the Israeli attack on southern Beirut yesterday. Another 68 people were wounded in the attack, he added. The three children among the 31 killed in Israel's attack on southern Beirut yesterday were aged four, six and 10, Lebanon's Health Minister said during a press conference.
^"Israeli air attack on Beirut kills 14 as cross-border fire intensifies". Al Jazeera. 20 September 2024.
^Mccready, Alastair; Regencia, Ted; Jamal, Urooba; Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid (21 September 2024). "Israeli army says it 'almost completely dismantled' Hezbollah leadership". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024. "Hezbollah's military chain of command has been almost completely dismantled," the military said on X.
^"Three people hurt in Hezbollah rocket attacks in Israel: Report". Al Jazeera. 22 September 2024.
^Siddiqui, Usaid; Najjar, Farah (20 September 2024). "Injuries, electricity damage after intense Israel, Hezbollah crossfire". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 September 2024. Later in the night, Hezbollah launched three huge rockets towards the Israeli town of Metula. We saw pictures of huge fires and there are reports of damage to electricity infrastructure.
^Jamal, Urooba (21 September 2024). "What happened between Israel and Hezbollah on Friday?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024. Hezbollah has also named Ahmad Mahmoud Wahabi, a senior commander, among the casualties. Hezbollah said it carried out 16 attacks against targets in northern Israel, firing about 140 rockets as it targeted air defence and intelligence bases, as well as an Israeli tank. It claimed it struck the Meron IDF base in the occupied Golan Heights with "volleys of Katyusha rockets". No casualties have been reported.
^"Israeli strikes kill 492 in Lebanon's deadliest day of conflict since 2006". AP News. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
^Marsi, Federica (24 September 2024). "Death toll in Israeli attacks on Lebanon rises: Health Ministry". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 September 2024. The death toll from Israeli attacks across Lebanon since Monday has risen to 558, including 50 children and 94 women, according to Lebanon's Health Minister Firass Abiad. He added that at least 1,835 people were wounded in Israeli air raids that hit Beirut and southern Lebanon.
^"Hundreds killed in Israeli airstrikes in Lebanon that destroyed buildings". Arab News. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
^"IDF: Some 1,600 strikes launched the past day against Hezbollah targets in Lebanon". The Times of Israel. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
^"Israel launches 'extensive' strikes on Hezbollah; Lebanon says hundreds killed, more than 1,600 injured". Washington Post. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
^"Some 80 rockets from Lebanon launched at Israel, West Bank over past hour — IDF". The Times of Israel. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
^Belam, Martin (26 September 2024). "23 Syrians killed, most of them women or children, in Israeli strike on Younine in Lebanon - mayor". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
^Najjar, Lyndal Rowlands, Alastair McCready, Stephen Quillen, Edna Mohamed, Usaid Siddiqui, Farah (27 September 2024). "Death toll revised in Israeli attack on Syrian workers". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 September 2024. The state news agency initially reported that 23 people were killed. The Lebanese Health Ministry later announced 19 Syrians and one Lebanese died – one of the deadliest single strikes in Israel's intensified air campaign.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"IDF on Nasrallah's death: 'We will update as soon as we know the situation'". The Jerusalem Post. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
^"Hezbollah confirms its leader Hassan Nasrallah was killed in an Israeli airstrike". AP News. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
^Mccready, Alastair. "Death toll mounts as Israeli air strikes flatten Beirut apartment buildings". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
^"Israel says it struck Hezbollah's headquarters as huge explosions rocked Beirut". AP News. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
^Marsi, Urooba Jamal, Federica (28 September 2024). "Eleven medical staff killed in Israeli attacks on south Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 September 2024. The country's state-run National News Agency reports that 11 doctors, nurses and paramedics were killed and 10 others were wounded in Israeli army attacks on civil defence centres and a medical clinic. These attacks were carried out on the towns of Taybeh and Deir Siriane, close to the Israeli border.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"Israeli airstrike kills 11 in northeast Lebanon". Naharnet. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
^"IDF kills another senior Hezbollah official in Beirut; fresh barrage targets Tiberias". The Times of Israel. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024. Lebanon's state news agency reported that an Israeli airstrike in northeast Lebanon on Sunday morning killed 11 people, without specifying if any of those killed in the village of al-Ain were members of Hezbollah.
^Mohamed, Urooba Jamal, Maziar Motamedi, Edna (29 September 2024). "Israeli attack kills 17 members of a family in Lebanon's Bekaa". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 September 2024. Lebanon's National News Agency (NNA) is reporting that at least 17 members of one family were killed in an Israeli air strike that hit the town of Zboud in the country's northern Bekaa Valley. The search for survivors under the rubble is still ongoing, NNA said.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"24 People Killed in Israeli Attack on Ain Deleb, Lebanon's Health Ministry Says". Asharq Al-Awsat. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
^"US warship intercepts missiles fired from Yemen 'potentially towards Israel'". BBC News. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
^"US warship in Red Sea intercepts 3 missiles fired from Yemen, possibly at Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
^"Yemen seen as source of fire on Eilat". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
^"US Navy destroyer in Red Sea shoots down cruise missiles potentially headed toward Israel: Pentagon". ABC News. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
^Dahan, Maha El (31 October 2023). "Yemen's Houthis enter Mideast fray, hardening spillover fears". Reuters.
^"Yemen hasn't declared war on Israel, contrary to online claims. Houthi rebels have launched missiles". AP News. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
^Gambrell, Jon (22 November 2023). "Yemen rebels' helicopter-borne attack on ship raises risks in Red Sea". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
^"US destroyer shoots down drones after Houthi attack on ships in Red Sea". France 24. 4 December 2023.
^"Yemen's Houthis say they targeted two Israeli ships in Red Sea: Report". Al Jazeera. 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
^Michaelis, Tamar (10 December 2023). "Israel ready to act against Houthi rebels if international community fails to, national security adviser says". CNN.
^"Drone strike near U.S. Embassy office in Tel Aviv leaves one dead, Yemen's Houthi rebels claim attack". NBC News. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
^Thom Poole; Sophie Tanno; Eyad Kourdi; Adam Pourahmadi; Andrew Carey; Lauren Izso; Hira Humayun; Andrew Raine (20 July 2024). "At least 6 killed, Houthis say, as Israeli airstrikes hit Yemen day after Tel Aviv drone attack". CNN. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
^"Army says building damaged in Eilat drone attack, apparently launched from Iraq". The Times of Israel. 1 April 2024.
^"Iran-Backed 'Islamic Resistance In Iraq' Claims Attack Against Israeli Target On Dead Sea Coastline". MEMRI. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
^"Iraqi militia attempts Eilat drone attack, was intercepted over Jordan". The Jerusalem Post. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
^"Suspected explosive-laden drone crashes in Golan; Iraqi militia claims responsibility". The Times of Israel. 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
^"Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim to have targeted Israeli gas rig in Mediterranean". The Times of Israel. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
^"Iraqi Shiite factions attack Haifa with a strategic missile". Shafaq News. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
^ a bMonks, Kieron (25 January 2024). "Iraqi militias claim drone strike on Israel's biggest port as attacks ramp up". inews.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
^"Iraqi Islamic resistance attack on Kiryat Shmona airport". webangah. 6 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
^"Chaos in Tel Aviv: Iraqi resistance strikes Israel's main airport with drone". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
^"Iraqi terror group claims to target Ben-Gurion Airport in alleged drone strike". I24news. 12 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
^"Iraqi Shiite militia claims 3 drone attacks in Israel". Xinhua. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
^"Houthis target Israel's Ashdod and Haifa". Al Arabiya. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
^"Yemen's Houthis claim joint raid on Israeli ships with Iraqi militia". Al Jazeera. 23 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
^"More than 40 people killed in Israeli strikes on Syria's Aleppo: Reports". Al Jazeera. 29 March 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
^"Top IRGC officer killed in Syria strike identified as Gen. Sadegh Omidzadeh". The Times of Israel. Associated Press. 20 January 2024. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
^"Iran says Israel bombed its embassy in Syria, killing a top commander". Reuters. 1 April 2024.
^Bowen, Jeremy; Gritten, David (1 April 2024). "Israel accused of deadly strike on Iranian consulate in Syria". BBC News. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
^"Syria says soldier killed, three wounded in Israeli strikes". Reuters. 13 July 2024.
^"Five soldiers killed in Israeli strike on Syria-Lebanon border". Al Jazeera. 27 September 2024.
^"An Israeli-owned ship was targeted in suspected Iranian attack in Indian Ocean, US official tells AP". AP News. 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
^Epstein, Jake (14 December 2023). "Exploding Iranian drones cause chaos, no match for US Navy warships". Business Insider.
^"India drone strike: Cargo ship attacked off Gujarat coast". BBC News. 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
^Beaumont, Peter (14 April 2024). "Why Israel's attack on Iranian consulate in Syria was a gamechanger". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
^"The night Iran's missile spectacle rattled Israel". Financial Times. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^"'True Promise': Why and how did Iran launch a historic attack on Israel?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
^"Iran says MSC Aries vessel seized for 'violating maritime laws'". Reuters. 15 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
^"Iranian forces take over Israel-linked Portuguese ship MCS ARIES". The Jerusalem Post. 13 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
^"Hamas says leader killed in Israel strike in Iran". France 24. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
^ a b"Humanitarian Situation Update #221 - Gaza Strip". UN OCHA. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
^"October 7 Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes by Hamas-led Groups | Human Rights Watch". 17 July 2024. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
^"Bodies of Israeli hostages were retrieved from Gaza tunnel, military says". Yahoo News. 25 July 2024. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
^Fabian, Emanuel; Spiro, Amy (6 August 2024). "Final unaccounted for October 7 victim died in onslaught, IDF confirms | The Times of Israel". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
^Karni, Dana; Harvey, Lex; Fox, Kara (20 August 2024). "Bodies of six Israeli hostages retrieved from Gaza, Israel says". CNN. Archived from the original on 22 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
^"New Tally Puts Oct 7 Attack Death Toll In Israel At 1,189". Barron's. 28 May 2024. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024.
^"Israel strike in south Lebanon kills Hamas commander". France 24. 9 August 2024. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
^Fabian, Emanuel (9 August 2024). "Man dies from wounds caused by defective Iron Dome missile amid Hezbollah drone attack | The Times of Israel". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
^Data on casualties (Note: apply filter in Israeli fatalities chart for Date of Incident (start date) = 10/7/2023)
^Hasson, Nir. "Israeli Soldiers Who Killed Jerusalem Terrorists Shoot Dead Civilian". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
^Friedson, Yael (25 January 2024). "East Jerusalem Resident Dies of Wounds Sustained in West Bank Attack Earlier in January". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
^"Israeli Security Guard Killed by Palestinian in West Bank Attack".
^"Defense Ministry contractor succumbs to wounds sustained in southern Gaza mortar attack". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024.
^ToI Staff (19 July 2024). "Drone explodes in central Tel Aviv, killing man and wounding several others". The Times of Israel.
^"Three Israeli civilians shot dead at Allenby Crossing between West Bank and Jordan".
^Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 715 soldiers, 66 police officers killed in Gaza war". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
^"Swords of Iron: Israel Police, Security Forces (Shabak) and First Responders Casualties". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Government of Israel. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
14 in the West Bank and Israel by 11 August 2024 (per OCHA oPt),[659] not including 1 mistakenly killed by Israeli forces in Jerusalem[660] and 3 killed by militants (2 near Ofra[661] and 1 near Kedumim),[662] bringing the total to 18 conflict-related deaths for the period
^"The IDF is supposed to protect aid workers. Aid agencies say the Israeli military has been attacking them for months". NBC News. 6 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
^Azza Guergues, 100,000 Palestinians Are Surviving in Egypt Without Refugee Status, Foreign Policy 15 August 2024
^"United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory | Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - reported impact | Day 215". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory. 8 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
^"UN seemingly halves estimate of Gazan women, children killed". The Jerusalem Post. 11 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
^Graham-Harrison, Emma (17 September 2024). "Gaza publishes identities of 34,344 Palestinians killed in war with Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
^"Why the U.N. revised the numbers of women and children killed in Gaza". Retrieved 19 May 2024.
^Zeina Jamaluddine, Zhixi Chen, Hanan Abukmail, Sarah Aly, Shatha Elnakib, Gregory Barnsley et al. (2024). Crisis in Gaza: Scenario-based health impact projections. Report One: 7 February to 6 August 2024. London, Baltimore: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Johns Hopkins University.
^"October 7 Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes by Hamas-led Groups | Human Rights Watch". 17 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
^Zion, Ilan Ben. "Israeli Negotiator Says Tens Of Gaza Hostages 'Alive With Certainty'". Barron's. Archived from the original on 18 June 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
^Vinograd, Cassandra; Kershner, Isabel (2 November 2023). "Israel's Attackers Took About 240 Hostages. Here's What to Know About Them". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
^"Images of the Mass Kidnapping of Israelis by Hamas". The Atlantic. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
^Shurafa, Wafaa; Mroue, Bassem (11 November 2023). "Fighting intensifies at Gaza's largest hospital. Its director says patients have died because the power is out". AP News. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
^"Israeli airstrikes near Syria's Aleppo kill several, including an Iranian adviser, reports say". AP News. 3 June 2024. Archived from the original on 27 September 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
^"Israel says it struck Yemen's Hodeidah in response to Houthi attacks". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
^Sewell, Abby (31 July 2024). "Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh is killed in Iran by an alleged Israeli strike, threatening escalation". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
^"Service extension law not yet approved, fighters in uncertainty: 'They are taken for granted'". ynet. 4 August 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
^"Defense ministry expects 100,000 disabled IDF veterans by 2030, half to be related to mental health". Haaretz. 14 August 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
^ a bIoanes, Ellen (14 October 2023). "Gaza's spiraling humanitarian crisis, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
^ a bMarsi, Federica (14 October 2023). "Gaza doctors warn of a humanitarian catastrophe after Israeli attacks". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
^Gottbrath, Laurin-Whitney. "Gaza "fast becoming hell hole" on "brink of collapse" amid Israel strikes: UN". Axios. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
^Balmer, Crispian (21 November 2023). Elgood, Giles; Jones, Gareth (eds.). "Gaza war inflicts catastrophic damage on infrastructure and economy". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023.
^Mellen, Ruby; Chen, Szu Yu (26 October 2023). "See how Israel's siege has plunged Gaza into darkness and isolation". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^ a b c dEspañol, Marc (29 January 2024). "The Egyptians who have sent more than 130,000 digital cell phone cards to Gaza to defy blackouts". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
^Aly, Rasha (17 December 2023). "Palestinians in Gaza using eSim cards to get around communications blackout". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^Vo, Lam Thuy (7 November 2023). "'Let Me Tell Them Goodbye Before They Get Killed': How eSIM Cards Are Connecting Palestinian Families". The Markup. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^Emma Tucker; Alaa Elassar (3 December 2023). "When Gaza lost phone and internet under Israeli attack, this activist found a way to get Palestinians back online". CNN. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
^Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (6 November 2023). "Gaza death toll tops 10,000; UN calls it a children's graveyard". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
^"UN says Gaza becoming". BBC News. 6 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
^"UN chief: Gaza has become 'graveyard for kids'; Israeli envoy calls for him to resign". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
^Nichols, Michelle. "UN chief says Gaza becoming a 'graveyard for children'". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^Abdulrahim, Raja (18 November 2023). "The War Turns Gaza Into a 'Graveyard' for Children". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
^Gaffney, Adam (30 May 2024). "Don't Believe the Conspiracies About the Gaza Death Toll". The Nation. For instance, the Geneva Declaration Secretariat's review of prior conflicts found that indirect deaths have, for most conflicts since the 1990s, been three to fifteen-fold higher than direct deaths, and suggest a ratio of four to one as a "conservative" estimate. There are reasons to think this ratio could be on the low end in Gaza given, among other things, the protracted and brutal siege.
^"'More than 186,000 dead' in Gaza: How credible are the estimates published on The Lancet?". France 24. 11 July 2024.
^Doctors w/o Borders [@MSF_USA] (20 October 2023). "You need that fuel to run generators for life-saving medical equipment.' There is a lack of painkillers. Access to supplies means life or death at this point. We're deeply concerned for the fate of everyone in Gaza right now" (Tweet). Retrieved 20 October 2023 – via Twitter.
^"'The world must do more' for Gaza, 5 UN agencies say". UN News. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^"Red Cross president says 'shocked by the intolerable level of human suffering'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
^"'We have fallen off a precipice', UN human rights chief says". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
^Uras, Umut. "Israel war on Gaza updates: Health Ministry declares polio epidemic in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
^"WHO 'confident' that polio vaccine drive in Gaza hit target of 90% of kids under 10 | The Times of Israel". The Times of Israel.
^Vijay Prashad, The World Says That Israel’s Unlawful Occupation of Palestine Must End CounterPunch 20 September 2024.
^ a b c"Israel has waged one of this century's most destructive wars in Gaza". The Washington Post. 23 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^ a bWintour, Patrick (7 December 2023). "Widespread destruction in Gaza puts concept of 'domicide' in focus". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^"Military briefing: Israel's devastating bombing campaign in Gaza". Financial Times. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^
"200 days of military attack on Gaza: A horrific death toll amid intl. failure to stop Israel's genocide of Palestinians". Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
Pape, Robert A. (21 June 2024). "Hamas Is Winning". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
^ a b cDyer, Evan (30 December 2023). "Israel's Gaza bombing campaign is the most destructive of this century, analysts say". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^ a b cMalsin, Jared; Shah, Saeed (30 December 2023). "The Ruined Landscape of Gaza After Nearly Three Months of Bombing". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^Emma Graham Harrison,Gaza's 37m tonnes of bomb-filled debris could take 14 years to clear, says expert The Guardian 26 April 2024
^"Satellite images show 35% of buildings in Gaza have been damaged or destroyed, UN says". CNN. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
^"35% of Buildings Affected in Gaza Strip". UNITAR. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
^"Over 50% of Gaza buildings damaged or destroyed in Israel's bombardment". Axios. 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
^"The numbers that reveal the extent of the destruction in Gaza". The Guardian. 8 January 2024. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
^"Military briefing: the Israeli bombs raining on Gaza". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
^Farge, Emma (10 October 2023). "UN rights chief condemns Israeli 'siege' of Gaza, militants' taking of hostages". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^"Commission of Inquiry collecting evidence of war crimes committed by all sides in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories since 7 October 2023" (Press release). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^"How international law applies to war, and why Hamas and Israel are both alleged to have broken it". Associated Press News. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
^"War crimes by both sides in Israel-Gaza war". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^"Is Israeli bombing of Gaza a violation of international laws?". Al Jazeera. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^"ICC prosecutor in Israel to meet survivors of Oct. 7 onslaught, families of victims". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
^Lau, Chris (20 May 2024). "Live updates: Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, Benny Gantz ultimatum, Netanyahu government in turmoil". CNN.
^"Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC: Applications for arrest warrants in the situation in the State of Palestine | International Criminal Court". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
^"Israel Gaza war: ICC prosecutor seeks arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Hamas leaders". BBC News. 20 May 2024.
^"UN adds Israel to global list of offenders that harm children". CNN. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
^Tibon, Amir. "UN adds Israel, Hamas to 'blacklist' of countries that harm children in conflict zones amid Gaza war". Haaretz.
^"UN adds Israel to 'list of shame' for alleged rights violations against children during war; Netanyahu: 'Delusional' | The Times of Israel". The Times of Israel.
^
"Israeli authorities, Palestinian armed groups are responsible for war crimes, other grave violations of international law, UN Inquiry finds". OHCHR.org. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
"UN inquiry says Israel and Hamas have both committed war crimes since October 7". CNN. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
"'Immense' scale of Gaza killings amount to crime against humanity, UN inquiry says". Reuters. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
"UN-backed commission accuses Israel and Palestinian groups of war crimes". Al Jazeera. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
^"Detailed findings on attacks carried out on and after 7 October 2023 in Israel" (PDF). ohchr.org. United Nations Human Rights Council. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
^"Report by UN-backed experts cites crimes by Israeli forces, Palestinian militants starting 0ct. 7". AP News. 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 22 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
^"Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory Concludes that Israeli Authorities and Hamas Are Both Responsible for War Crimes". OHCHR.org. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
^"Israel may have violated laws of war in Gaza, UN rights office says". Reuters. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
^"Israel's actions in Gaza 'intentional attack on civilians': UN inquiry". Al Jazeera. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
^"'Never seen anything like this': UN Commission of Inquiry on Israel-Gaza". Al Jazeera. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
^"How the Israel-Hamas War Impacts Regional Relations". United States Institute of Peace.
^"The Diplomatic Off-Ramp After Israel's Invasion of Gaza". 31 October 2023.
^"South Africa recalls diplomats from Israel over Gaza war". Al Jazeera. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
^"US shifts focus on Gaza to what follows an end to the war". www.ft.com.
^"EU pushes for Palestinian statehood, rejecting Israeli leader's insistence it's off the table". AP News. 22 January 2024.
^Gordon, Anna (17 January 2024). "New Polling Shows How Much Global Support Israel Has Lost". Time. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
^"Israel skips key ceasefire meeting with Hamas over unanswered hostage questions, official says". CBCA. The Associated Press. 3 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
^"Qatar re-evaluates key mediator role in Middle East conflict on concerns of 'political exploitation'". CNBC. 18 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
^"UN Security Council adopts resolution demanding immediate Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
^"Security Council passes resolution demanding 'an immediate ceasefire' during Ramadan". news.un.org. United Nations. 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
^Chen, Laurie; Al-Mulgrabi, Nidal (23 July 2024). "Palestinian Factions Agree to Form Unity Government after Talks in China". Reuters. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^"Proceedings instituted by South Africa against the State of Israel on 29 December 2023" (PDF). International Court of Justice. 29 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
^"Israeli parliament bill criminalises 'consumption of terrorist materials'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023. Civil rights groups criticized the bill, stating it "invades the realm of personal thoughts and beliefs."
^"What Israelis Think of the War With Hamas". Time. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^Silver, Laura; Smerkovich, Maria (30 May 2024). "Israeli Views of the Israel-Hamas War". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
^"As death toll mounts in Gaza, veterans of past negotiations weigh in on possibilities for peace". NBC News. 31 December 2023.
^"Mahmoud Abbas: Palestinians have right to defend themselves against 'terror'". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^"'We reject the forced displacement' in Gaza: Abbas tells Blinken in Jordan". Al Jazeera. 13 October 2023.
^"President Abbas says Hamas' actions do not represent Palestinians". Reuters. 16 October 2023. Event occurs at 12:06 am GMT+3.
^ a b cBusari, Stephanie; Ebrahim, Nadeen; Al Lawati, Abbas (19 January 2024). "Israel's war in Gaza has exposed a deepening global divide". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024. Beyond the courtroom drama, experts say divisions over the war in Gaza symbolize a widening gap between Israel and its traditional Western allies, notably the United States and Europe, and a group of nations known as the Global South — countries located primarily in the southern hemisphere, often characterized by lower income levels and developing economies... Israel sided with the West against Soviet-backed Arab regimes during the Cold War, and Western countries largely view it "as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club", he added. "Some of this explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive."
^"Biden condemns Hamas actions, says US is sending Israel military aid". NBC News. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^ a bChuter, Andrew (13 October 2023). "Britain sends spy planes, ships to Mediterranean amid Israel-Hamas war". Defense News. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
^Radice, Orlando (9 October 2023). "Girls 'raped next to their dead friends' at rave massacre". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^Waldo, Cleary; Epstein, Gabriel; Hilbush, Sydney (11 October 2023). "International Reactions to the Hamas Attack on Israel". The Washington Institute. PolicyWatch 3793. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
^ a bPhillips, Tom (1 November 2023). "South American countries recall ambassadors and cut ties with Israel over war with Hamas". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^Stuenkel, Oliver (2 November 2023). "Why the Global South Is Accusing America of Hypocrisy". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
^"Germany stands firmly alongside Israel". Bundesregierung. 22 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024. The Federal Government is also supporting Israel by providing military and medical equipment.
^"The US will send a carrier strike group to the Eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel". Associated Press. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^"2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Israel, West Bank and Gaza". US Department of State. 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
^Mazui, Guilherme; Rodrigues, Mateus (8 October 2023). "Governo prepara seis aviões para resgatar brasileiros na zona de conflito entre Israel e Hamas" [Government prepares six planes to rescue Brazilians in the conflict zone between Israel and Hamas]. G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^"Live: More than 600 Israelis killed, more than 100 held 'prisoner' in war with Hamas". France 24. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^"Romania, Hungary Evacuate Citizens From Israel By Air". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^Hurst, Daniel (11 October 2023). "Qantas to help repatriate Australians from Israel starting Friday". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^"Israel-Palestine: death toll rises sharply, as African nationals evacuated". Africanews. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^Seddon, Sean (12 October 2023). "UK arranges flights for Britons stranded in Israel". BBC News.
^"Nepal: First batch of 254 students, stranded amid Israel-Hamas war, land in Kathmandu". The Economic Times. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
^Bose, Saikat Kumar (12 October 2023). "Operation Ajay: First Flight To Evacuate Indians From Israel Tonight". NDTV.
^Fornusek, Martin (20 October 2023). "Update: Ukrainian woman killed in Gaza, 18 citizens confirmed killed in Israel". The Kyiv Independent.
^Byman, Alexander; Palmer, Daniel (7 October 2023). "What You Need to Know About the Israel-Hamas Violence". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^Beaumont, Peter (7 October 2023). "Hamas's stealth attack will be remembered as Israeli intelligence failure for the ages". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
^Limor, Yoav (7 October 2023). "Israel's failure of imagination on Hamas" Archived 8 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Jewish News Syndicate. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^Frank Gardner (7 October 2023). "How did Israeli intelligence fail to stop major attack from Gaza?". BBC. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^"US officials raise concerns over Israeli intelligence after Hamas attacks". CNN. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^Ravid, Barak (12 October 2023). "Israel had intel on Hamas activity but didn't put Gaza border on high alert". Axios. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
^Gotkine, Elliott (11 October 2023). "Israel's history suggests the clock is ticking for Netanyahu after Hamas attack failures". CNN. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^Aronson, Cole S. (8 October 2023). "Bibi's Big Chance". Politico. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^Beauchamp, Zack (9 October 2023). "Benjamin Netanyahu failed Israel". Vox. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^Schneider, Tal (8 October 2023). "For years, Netanyahu propped up Hamas. Now it's blown up in our faces". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^Tisdall, Simon (9 October 2023). "In the midst of war, Benjamin Netanyahu is a liability who can only make things worse. He must go". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
^"Most Israelis think Netanyahu responsible for failing to prevent Hamas attack, poll shows". Reuters. 20 October 2023.
^"Saudi-Israeli normalization effort takes a violent detour after Hamas attack". The Times of Israel. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^Kluth, Andreas (8 October 2023). "Hamas Just Torched Biden's Deal to Remake the Middle East". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^Wrobel, Sharon (9 November 2023). "War is costing economy some $600m a week due to work absence — Bank of Israel". The Times of Israel.
^"Israel's economy shrank at 20% rate after outbreak of war". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
^ a bZomer, Navit (25 December 2023). "Israeli high-tech factories have difficulties importing components from China". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024. The Chinese are imposing a kind of sanction on us. They don't officially declare it, but they are delaying shipments to Israel," a senior figure in one of the factories told Ynet. "They have various excuses and pretexts, such as requiring suppliers from China to obtain export licenses to Israel that did not exist before. Additionally, they demand that we fill out numerous forms, causing significant delays. This has never happened to us before.
^"Hebrew Newspaper: China imposes sanctions on "Israel" against the backdrop of the war in Gaza". Al-Quds. 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
^"China delays shipments to Israel amid Gaza genocide; over 20,000 Palestinians killed so far". Free Press Kashmir. 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024. Chinese actions are seen as a de facto sanction, as shipments are delayed under various pretexts, such as new export licenses and extensive paperwork demands, impacting the timely production of electronic products.
^"Indian port workers refuse to handle Israel weapon shipments". The Independent. 19 February 2024. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
^"Indian firm refuses orders for Israeli army uniforms over civilian killings in Gaza". The Independent. 29 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
^"Official: Over 17,000 foreign workers left Israel since 7 October – Middle East Monitor". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
^Lakhani, Nina (6 June 2024). "Revealed: repairing Israel's destruction of Gaza will come at huge climate cost". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 June 2024. The carbon cost of rebuilding Gaza will be greater than the annual greenhouse gas emissions generated individually by 135 countries, exacerbating the global climate emergency on top of the unprecedented death toll, new research reveals. Reconstructing the estimated 200,000 apartment buildings, schools, universities, hospitals, mosques, bakeries, water and sewage plants damaged and destroyed by Israel in the first four months of the war on Gaza will generate as much as 60m tonnes of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e), according to new analysis by researchers in the UK and US. This is on a par with the total 2022 emissions generated by countries such as Portugal and Sweden – and more than twice the annual emissions of Afghanistan.
^ a bNarea, Nicole (8 December 2023). "Israel's wartime assault on the free press". Vox.com. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
^Price, Mikayla (14 December 2023). "Chicago journalists hold vigil for colleagues killed in Gaza and Israel". CBS. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
^ a b"RSF files complaint with ICC for war crimes against journalists in Palestine and Israel". rsf.org. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
^McGreal, Chris (21 December 2023). "Israeli military accused of targeting journalists and their families in Gaza". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
^Lee Myers, Steven; Frenkel, Sheera (3 November 2023). "In a Worldwide War of Words, Russia, China and Iran Back Hamas". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024.
^ a b cFrenkel, Sheera (5 June 2024). "Israel Secretly Targets U.S. Lawmakers With Influence Campaign on Gaza War". The New York Times.
^Robins-Early, Nick (30 May 2024). "OpenAI says Russian and Israeli groups used its tools to spread disinformation". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
^ a bScahill, Jeremy (7 February 2024). "Israel's Ruthless Propaganda Campaign to Dehumanize Palestinians". The Intercept. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
.jpg/1280px-Isaac_Herzog_in_Tel_Aviv-Yafo,_January_2024_(ABG_9887).jpg)
Media from Commons
Quotations from Wikiquote
Data from Wikidata
