Angoulême (L'Angoumois) in western France was part of the CarolingianKingdom of Aquitaine. Under Charlemagne's successors, the local count of Angoulême was independent and the county was not united with the French crown until 1308. By the terms of the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Angoumois, then ruled by the counts of Angoulême, was ceded to King Edward III of England. In 1371 it became a fief of Duke John of Berry and then passed to Duke Louis I of Orleans, both of whom were cadets of the French royal family. From then on it was held by cadets of the Valois House of Orleans, until Francis of Angoulême, became king of France in 1515. Angoumois was definitively incorporated into the French crown lands, as a duchy.
^Luc Bourgeois, Une résidence des comtes d’Angoulême autour de l'an mil: le castrum d’Andone (Villejoubert, Charente); publication des fouilles d'André Debord (1971–1995) (Caen: Publications du CRAHM, 2009), 384.
^Bourgeois, 384–85.
^Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 389–91.
^André Debord, La société laïque dans les pays de la Charente, Xe-XIIe s. (Paris: Picard, 1984) 99–103; and Bourgeois, 385–89.
^Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 389–91.
^Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 391.
^Adémar II was one of two known sons of William II, but his status as count is only supported by one possible reading of his father's will. Debord (99–103) notes that he might have become count, while Bourgeois rejects the possibility (387 and 392).
For William II's will, see:
Paul Lefrancq, ed., Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Saint-Cybard (Angoulême: Imprimerie Ouvrière, 1930), #222.
^Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93
^Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93.
^Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93.
^Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93.
^Debord, 99–103 omits Richard; Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93, accepts him. Only mentioned in Adémar de Chabannes' chronicle, if he ruled at all it would have been in 975. Ademari Cabannensis opera omnia pars 1: Chronicon, ed. Pascale Bourgain, Richard Landes, and Georges Pon, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis 129 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1999), III.28, 148.
^Bourgeois, 387.
^Bourgeois, 387.
^Debord, 171; and Bourgeois, 387.
^Debord, 171 and 212; and Bourgeois, 387.
^Debord, 171 and 212; and Bourgeois, 387.
^Debord, 171 and 212.
^Debord, 171 and 212.
^Debord gives William VI death as 1180, and the beginning of Vulgrin III’s rule that same year (212). However, Rowan Charles Watson disagrees. "The Counts of Angoulême from the 9th to the Mid 13th Century" (PhD diss., University of East Anglia, 1979), 453. This is due to charter evidence (Watson, 353–62) and Geoffrey of Vigeois' chronicle, which declares William VI to have died in 1179 and Vulgrin III to have ruled for only two years. "Chronica Gaufredi coenobitae monasterii D. Martialis Lemovicensis, ac prioris Vosiensis coenobii," in Novae bibliothecae manuscriptorum librorum tomus secundus: rerum aquitanicarum. . . . ed. Philippe Labbe (Paris: Sebastian Cramoisy, 1657), 325–26.
^Watson, 453.
^Watson, 453.
^Debord, 573; and Watson, 453.
^Watson, 453.
^For Hugh X and the rest of the Lusignan, see: Léopold Delisle, "Chronologie historique des Comtes de la Marche issus de la maison de Lusignan," Bulletin Société Archéologique et Historique de la Charente 4, no. 4 (1867): 3–16; originally published as an appendix to: "Mémoire sur une lettre inédite adressée à la reine Blanche par un habitant de La Rochelle," Bibliothèque de l’École des chartes 4th series, 2 (1856): 537–45.
Further reading
Hazlitt, W. Carew. The Coinage of the European Continent. London: Swan Sonnenschein, 1893.
Migne, Jacques-Paul. Dictionnaire de l'art de vérifier les dates des faits historiques, des chartes, des chroniques et autres anciens monuments. Paris: 1854.
Watson, Rowan Charles. The Counts of Angoulême from the 9th to the mid 13th Century. PhD dissertation. University of East Anglia, 1979.