Convoy battles of World War II

Convoy Battles of World War II occurred when convoys of warships protected cargo ships assembled for mutual defense and were attacked by submarines, surface ships and/or aircraft. Most were in the North Atlantic from 1939 to 1943 and involved attacks by U-boat wolfpacks. Convoy battles also occurred in the Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and western Pacific Ocean.

Battles

Notes

1. "Famous Convoy Battles". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
2. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 36.
3. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 32.
4. "Convoy HX.65". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
5. Edwards 1999, p. 26.
6. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 41.
7. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 42–43.
8. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 50.
9. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 54.
10. Blair 1996, p. 278.
11. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 62.
12. Milner 1985, p. 67.
13. Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 182.
14. Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 184.
15. Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 187.
16. Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 185.
17. Greene & Massignani 1998, p. 191.
18. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 90.
19. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 108.
20. Abbazia 1975, p. 50.
21. "Convoy ON.67". Arnold Hague convoy database. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
22. Greene & Massignani 1998, pp. 216–222.
23. Milner 1985, p. 286.
24. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 145–146.
25. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 175–176.
26. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, p. 176.
27. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 2005, pp. 183, 186–187.
28. Milner 1985, pp. 148–150.
29. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 164–165.
30. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 184.
31. Hague 2000a, p. 189.
32. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 183.
33. "Convoy ONS 154". J. Gordon Mumford. Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
34. Hague 2000a, p. 161.
35. Blair 1998, pp. 811–812.
36. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 195.
37. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 197–198.
38. Hague 2000, p. 181.
39. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 250.
40. Hague 2000a, p. 189; Woodman 2004, p. 379.
41. "Hisendan". Nifty.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
42. Cressman 2000, pp. 213–214.
43. Blair 1975, pp. 676–678.
44. Blair 1975, pp. 702–704.
45. Cressman 2000, pp. 274–275.
46. Blair 1975, pp. 748–749.

References

• Abbazia, Patrick (1975). "When the Good Shepherds Were Blind". United States Naval Institute Proceedings. United States Naval Institute. ISSN 0041-798X.
• Blair, Clay (1975). Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War against Japan. New York: J. B. Lippincott. ISBN 978-0-397-00753-0.
• Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-boat War:The Hunters 1939–1942. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-58839-8.
• Blair, Clay (1998). Hitler's U-boat War:The Hunted 1942–1945. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-45742-9.
• Cressman, Robert J. (2000). The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-149-1.
• Edwards, Bernard (1999). Donitz and the Wolf Packs. Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1-86019-927-5 – via Archive Foundation.
• Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (1998). The Naval War in the Mediterranean 1940–1943. London: Chatham. ISBN 1-885119-61-5.
• Hague, Arnold (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-019-3.
• Hague, A. (2000a). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945: Its Organization, Defence and Operation. London: Chatham. ISBN 1-86176-147-3.
• Milner, Marc (1985). North Atlantic Run. Naval Institute Press. p. 67. ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
• Rohwer, J.; Hümmelchen, G. (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-105-X.
• Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (3rd rev. ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
• Woodman, Richard (2004) [1994]. Arctic Convoys 1941–1945. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-5752-1.

Further reading

• Dönitz, Karl (1958). Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80764-0.