Turks in the Balkans

Turkish ethnic minorities living in the Balkans

The Balkan Turks or Rumelian Turks (Turkish: Balkan Türkleri) are the Turkish people who have been living in the Balkans since the Ottoman rule as well as their descendants who still live in the region today. The Turks are officially recognized as a minority in Bosnia and Herzegovina,^[1] Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Romania; in Greece the Turkish minority is recognized as "Greek Muslims". Furthermore, the Turkish language has minority language status in Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Romania. The Ottoman Empire conquered parts of the Balkans between the 14th and 16th century.

Historically, from the Ottoman conquest up to and including the 19th century, ethnically non-Turkish, especially South Slavic Muslims of the Balkans were referred to in the local languages as Turks (term for Muslims). This usage is common in literature, for example in the works of Ivan Mažuranić and Petar II Petrović-Njegoš. However, during the 20th century it gradually fell out of favour. Today, the largest mainly Muslim Slavic ethnic group is known as the Bosniaks.

See also

• Turkey portal

• Turkish population
• Muhacirs
• Turks in Europe

References

1. OSCE. "National Minorities in BiH". Retrieved 2013-12-29.
2. Federal Office of Statistics. "Population grouped according to ethnicity, by censuses 1961–1991". Archived from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
3. "1. Stanovništvo prema etničkoj/nacionalnoj pripadnosti - detaljna klasifikacija". Popis.gov.ba.
4. National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria (2011). "2011 Census (Final data)". National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria. p. 4.
5. National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria (2001). "2001 Census". National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria.
6. Sosyal 2011, 369
7. Novinite. "Scientists Raise Alarm over Apocalyptic Scenario for Bulgarian Ethnicity". Retrieved 21 July 2011.
8. "Population and Housing Census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
9. Croatian Bureau of Statistics. "POPULATION BY ETHNICITY, BY TOWNS/MUNICIPALITIES, CENSUS 2001". Croatian Bureau of Statistics.
10. Zaman. "Altepe'den Hırvat Müslümanlara moral". Retrieved 9 September 2011.
11. Clogg 2002, 84.
12. Elsie 2010, 276.
13. Sosyal 2011, 368
14. Evans 2010, 11.
15. Republic of Macedonia State Statistical Office 2005, 34.
16. Abrahams 1996, 53.
17. Evans 2010, 228.
18. Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији: Становништво према националној припадности - „Остали“ етничке заједнице са мање од 2000 припадника и двојако изјашњени
19. Statistical Office of Montenegro. "Population of Montenegro by sex, type of settlement, etnicity, religion and mother tongue, per municipalities" (PDF). p. 7. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
20. "Turks in Montenegrin town not afraid to show identity anymore". Today's Zaman. Archived from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
21. Brozba 2010, 48.
22. National Institute of Statistics 2011, 10
23. Phinnemore 2006, 157.
24. Constantin, Goschin & Dragusin 2008, 59
25. Whitman 1990, i.
26. Ergener 2002, 106.
27. Whitman 1990, 2.

Bibliography

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• Brozba, Gabriela (2010). Between Reality and Myth: A Corpus-based Analysis of the Stereotypic Image of Some Romanian Ethnic Minorities. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-640-70386-9.
• Clogg, Richard (2002). Minorities in Greece. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-706-8.
• Constantin, Daniela L.; Goschin, Zizi; Dragusin, Mariana (2008). "Ethnic entrepreneurship as an integration factor in civil society and a gate to religious tolerance. A spotlight on Turkish entrepreneurs in Romania". Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies. 7 (20): 28–41.
• Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Kosovo. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7231-8.
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• Evans, Thammy (2010). Macedonia. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 1-84162-297-4.
• Phinnemore, David (2006). The EU and Romania: Accession and Beyond. The Federal Trust for Education & Research. ISBN 1-903403-78-2.
• Republic of Macedonia State Statistical Office (2005). Republic of Macedonia – State Statistical Office (PDF) (Report). Republic of Macedonia – State Statistical Office.
• National Institute of Statistics (2011). Comunicat de presă privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor – 2011 (PDF) (Report). Romania-National Institute of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
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• Whitman, Lois (1990). Destroying ethnic identity: the Turks of Greece. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 0-929692-70-5.