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Angwa Sandstone

The Angwa Sandstone is a geological formation of the mid-Triassic Cabora Bassa Basin [1] and Mana Pools Basin [3] of southern Africa, consisting mainly of sandstone.[4]

Description

Stratigraphy

The Angwa Sandstone is the lowest formation in the Upper Karoo Group of the Karoo Supergroup, underlying the Pebbly Arkose Formation and overlying the Lower Karoo Group.[5] The formation is divided into two members: the Alternations Member and the Massive Sandstone (Chirambakadoma) Member.[1]

The Angwa Sandstone has been correlated to the Molteno Formation of the Great Karoo Basin, South Africa,[6][1] and to the Escarpment Grit of the Mid-Zambezi Basin.[7]

Lithology

The formation is a sedimentary unit, consisting mainly of fluvial sands and silts.[1]

It has been dated as covering rocks from much of the Triassic, with pollen and flora identified from the Induan, and Ladinian to Norian.[6][8]

Occurrence

The Angwa Sandstone Formation is found in Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, in the Mana Pools and Cabora Bassa Basins.

Fossil Content

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f P. M. Oesterlen; B. D. Millsteed (1994). "Lithostratigraphy, palaeontology, and sedimentary environments of the western Cabora Bassa Basin, lower Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe". South African Journal of Geology. 97: 205–224.
  2. ^ a b P.M. Oesterlen (1990). "The geology of the Dande West area (western Cabora Bassa Basin) - a preliminary report". Annals of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey. 14: 12–20.
  3. ^ Oesterlem, P.M. (2001). "New geological results from the Mana Pools basin of Zimbabwe, Lower Zambezi Graben". Annals of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey. 16: 17–26. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  4. ^ Moore, A.E.; Cotterill, F.P.D.; Broderick, T.; Plowes, D. (2009). "Landscape evolution in Zimbabwe from the Permian to present, with implications for kimberlite prospecting". South African Journal of Geology. 112 (1): 65–88. Bibcode:2009SAJG..112...65M. doi:10.2113/gssajg.112.1.65.
  5. ^ Oesterlen, P.M.; Blenkinsop, T.G. (1994). "Extension directions and strain near the failed triple junction of the Zambezi and Luangwa Rift zones, southern Africa". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 18 (2): 175. Bibcode:1994JAfES..18..175O. doi:10.1016/0899-5362(94)90029-9.
  6. ^ a b d'Engelbronner, E.R. (1996). "New palynological data from Karoo sediments, Mana Pools basin, northern Zimbabwe". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 23 (1): 17–30. Bibcode:1996JAfES..23...17D. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(96)00049-8.
  7. ^ Catuneanu, O.; Wopfner, H.; Eriksson, P.G.; Cairncross, B.; Rubidge, B.S.; Smith, R.M.H.; Hancox, P.J. (2005). "The Karoo basins of south-central Africa". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 43 (1–3): 211–253. Bibcode:2005JAfES..43..211C. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.007.
  8. ^ a b c d G. Barale; M. Bamford; B. Gómez; T.J. Broderick; M.A. Raath; A. Cadman (2005). "A fossil peat deposit from the Late Triassic (Carnian) of Zimbabwe with preserved cuticle of Pteridospermopsida and Ginkgoales, and its geological setting". Palaeontologia Africana. 41: 89–100.
  9. ^ D. Love (1997). "The geology of the Chirundu area, Zambezi Valley". Annals of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey. 18: 18–26.