Con el 33,12% de los votos para el Partido Liberal , liderado por el actual primer ministro Justin Trudeau , las elecciones de 2019 ocuparon el segundo lugar (con las elecciones federales de 2021 ocupando el primer lugar) por la menor proporción de votos para un partido que luego formaría un gobierno minoritario de partido único . [2] Los liberales perdieron el voto popular ante el Partido Conservador por un uno por ciento, [3] marcando solo la segunda vez en la historia de Canadá que un partido gobernante formó un gobierno mientras recibía menos del 35 por ciento del voto popular nacional, la primera vez fue en las elecciones federales inaugurales canadienses de 1867 después de la Confederación . También fue la primera vez desde 1979 que el partido con más votos en general no ganó la mayor cantidad de escaños.
En 2017 se aprobó el proyecto de ley C-44, que asignaba a la Oficina de Presupuesto Parlamentario la responsabilidad de calcular el coste de las plataformas de los partidos para las elecciones; la revisión estuvo disponible en las elecciones de 2019. La Oficina de Presupuesto Parlamentario tenía un presupuesto de 500.000 dólares para calcular el coste de las plataformas de los partidos para estas elecciones, pero anunció que solo revisaría una plataforma de partido a petición del partido autor. También realizó evaluaciones confidenciales de las propuestas de plataformas de partidos e independientes antes de la campaña electoral. El servicio también estaba disponible para los miembros del parlamento que representaban a un partido sin estatus oficial de partido en la Cámara de los Comunes, como el Partido Verde de Elizabeth May . [11]
Reforma electoral
En junio de 2015, Trudeau se comprometió a reformar el sistema electoral si era elegido, diciendo: "Estamos comprometidos a garantizar que 2015 sea la última elección celebrada con el sistema de mayoría simple". [12] [13] Como los liberales, los nuevos demócratas, el Bloque Quebequense y el Partido Verde estaban a favor de la reforma, se podría haber establecido un sistema de votación diferente para la siguiente elección federal. [14]
Se formó un Comité Especial sobre Reforma Electoral con representantes de los cinco partidos en la Cámara. El informe del comité, Fortalecimiento de la democracia en Canadá: principios, procesos y participación pública para la reforma electoral , se presentó en diciembre de 2016 y recomendó que se introdujera un sistema electoral proporcional tras un referéndum nacional. La mayoría del comité multipartidario recomendó "que el gobierno debería, a medida que desarrolla un nuevo sistema electoral... [intentar] minimizar el nivel de distorsión entre la voluntad popular del electorado y las asignaciones de escaños resultantes en el Parlamento". [15] [16]
El mandato del comité era "identificar y realizar un estudio de sistemas de votación alternativos viables" en lugar de recomendar un sistema alternativo específico. [17] La ministra de Instituciones Democráticas, Maryam Monsef, criticó la recomendación del comité diciendo: "Tengo que admitir que estoy un poco decepcionada, porque lo que esperábamos que el comité nos proporcionara sería un sistema alternativo específico al sistema de mayoría simple". La líder conservadora interina Rona Ambrose dijo que los comentarios de Monsef eran "una vergüenza" y la líder del Partido Verde Elizabeth May dijo que "la ministra eligió insultar al comité y eligió engañar a los canadienses". [15]
En febrero de 2017, Trudeau abandonó su apoyo a la reforma electoral y le dio un mandato a la recién nombrada Ministra de Instituciones Democráticas, Karina Gould , diciendo que "no ha surgido una clara preferencia por un nuevo sistema electoral, y mucho menos un consenso... Cambiar el sistema electoral no estará en su mandato". [18] En respuesta a preguntas del público en Iqaluit, Trudeau dijo: "Es porque sentí que no era lo mejor para nuestro país y nuestro futuro", citando preocupaciones de que los sistemas electorales alternativos darían demasiado poder a "voces extremistas y activistas" que podrían crear "inestabilidad e incertidumbre" dividiendo al país. [19]
Evaluación del gobierno de Trudeau
En julio de 2019, Les Presses de l' Université Laval publicó un estudio independiente editado académicamente, Assessing Justin Trudeau's Liberal Government: 353 Promises and a Mandate for Change (Evaluación del gobierno liberal de Justin Trudeau: 353 promesas y un mandato para el cambio) , que concluyó que el gobierno de Justin Trudeau cumplió el 92 por ciento de las promesas, cuando se sumaron las promesas completas y parciales, mientras que el gobierno de Harper cumplió el 85 por ciento de las promesas completas y parciales. Cuando solo se calcularon las promesas completadas y realizadas, el gobierno de Harper, en su último año, cumplió el 77 por ciento de las promesas, mientras que el gobierno liberal cumplió el 53,5 por ciento. El libro señala que las promesas de Harper tendían a ser promesas transaccionales que se dirigen a subpoblaciones, mientras que las promesas del gobierno de Trudeau eran transformadoras: promesas ambiciosas que los liberales asumieron mientras eran el partido en tercer lugar. Según los investigadores, el gobierno de Trudeau y el "último gobierno de Harper tuvieron las tasas más altas de cumplimiento de sus promesas de campaña de cualquier gobierno canadiense en los últimos 35 años". [20] [21]
Gastos electorales
Según las normas de Elections Canada, los terceros partidos pueden gastar 1.023.400 dólares en el período preelectoral, entre el 30 de junio y el inicio de la campaña electoral. Pueden gastar 511.700 dólares adicionales durante la campaña electoral. [22] [23]
Reembolsos para partidos políticos y candidatos
Los partidos políticos reciben un reembolso del 50 por ciento de sus gastos electorales durante el período de presentación de solicitudes. De manera similar, las asociaciones de distritos electorales reciben un reembolso del 60 por ciento de sus gastos electorales durante el período de presentación de solicitudes. Ambos reembolsos se financian con fondos públicos. [24] [d]
Terceros registrados
Una persona o grupo debe registrarse como tercero inmediatamente después de incurrir en gastos por un total de $500 o más en actividades reguladas que se realicen durante el período preelectoral o el período electoral. Las actividades reguladas son actividades partidistas (que promuevan partidos o candidatos), encuestas electorales, publicidad partidista y publicidad electoral. Además, para ser un tercero debe ser:
una persona que es ciudadana canadiense, residente permanente o vive en Canadá
una corporación que realiza negocios en Canadá, o
un grupo, siempre que la persona responsable del grupo sea ciudadano canadiense, residente permanente o viva en Canadá.
Nadie puede gastar dinero ni utilizar sus recursos para influir en las elecciones canadienses si es un tercero extranjero.
También existen límites estrictos a los gastos relacionados con las actividades reguladas, y límites específicos en los que se puede incurrir para promover u oponerse a la elección de uno o más candidatos en un distrito electoral en particular. Los terceros registrados están sujetos a un límite de gastos de publicidad electoral de $1,023,400 en el período preelectoral, de los cuales $10,234 pueden gastarse en un distrito electoral determinado y $511,700 durante el período electoral. De esa cantidad, no se pueden gastar más de $4,386 para promover u oponerse a la elección de uno o más candidatos en un distrito electoral en particular. [25] [26] [27]
Titulares que no se presentan a la reelección
A continuación se presentan los 44 diputados que decidieron no presentarse a las elecciones federales de 2019:
^ afiliación como en el momento de la disolución
^ También se desempeñó como diputado en 1988-1993 y 1997-2009.
^ También se desempeñó como diputado entre 2004 y 2011.
^ anunció su retiro; murió antes de las elecciones
26 de agosto de 2016: El ex primer ministro Stephen Harper , diputado conservador por Calgary Heritage , renuncia a su escaño en la Cámara de los Comunes. [121]
9 de septiembre de 2016: Fuerza en la Democracia , un partido que tenía tres diputados en ejercicio entre sus 17 candidatos en las últimas elecciones, es cancelado por Elecciones Canadá por no presentar documentos que mantengan su estatus de partido. [122]
6 de junio de 2018: Michel Boudrias y Simon Marcil , diputados de Québec por Terrebonne y Mirabel , respectivamente, anuncian que volverán al bloque del Bloc Québécois tras la dimisión de Martine Ouellet como líder del partido. [90] Citando la votación del Bloque del fin de semana anterior de centrarse exclusivamente en la soberanía de Quebec , el portavoz del Bloc Québécois, Rhéal Fortin, anuncia que él y los otros cuatro diputados del partido no volverán a unirse al Bloc Québécois. [90]
3 de agosto de 2018: Tom Mulcair , diputado del NDP por Outremont, renuncia a su escaño en la Cámara de los Comunes. [131]
23 de agosto de 2018: El diputado de Beauce Maxime Bernier dimite del bloque conservador en desacuerdo con el liderazgo de Andrew Scheer . Bernier anuncia su intención de formar un nuevo partido federal. [98]
Leona Alleslev , diputada liberal por Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill , cruza el parlamento para unirse a los conservadores , citando preocupaciones por el manejo por parte de los liberales de la economía, las políticas exteriores y de seguridad y el comercio internacional. [100]
30 de septiembre de 2018: Peter Van Loan , diputado conservador por York—Simcoe, renuncia a su escaño en la Cámara de los Comunes. [134]
2 de enero de 2019: Sheila Malcolmson , diputada del NDP por Nanaimo—Ladysmith, renunció a su escaño para presentarse como candidata a la elección en el distrito provincial de Nanaimo , en Columbia Británica . [105]
16 de agosto de 2019: Pierre Nantel fue eliminado del grupo parlamentario del Nuevo Partido Democrático y deseleccionado como candidato del NDP para Longueuil—Saint-Hubert después de que surgieran informes sobre discusiones en curso sobre la incorporación de Nantel al Partido Verde de Canadá . [138] Anuncia que ahora es un diputado independiente.
19 de agosto de 2019: Pierre Nantel reiteró que seguirá siendo diputado independiente hasta el final de su mandato en el actual Parlamento y anunció que será candidato por el Partido Verde de Canadá en las elecciones para el próximo Parlamento. [139] [10]
13 de septiembre de 2019: Elizabeth May anunció que su partido llevará a cabo una "nueva investigación" más exhaustiva de los candidatos después de que los medios informaran que algunos candidatos verdes habían hecho declaraciones anteriores oponiéndose al aborto legal. [142]
15 de septiembre de 2019: Andrew Scheer dijo que apoyará a los candidatos a pesar de los comentarios "controvertidos" del pasado, siempre y cuando el candidato se disculpe y asuma la responsabilidad por dichos comentarios. [143] [144]
16 de septiembre de 2019: Maxime Bernier fue invitado oficialmente a los debates organizados por la Comisión de Debates de Líderes después de que el Comisionado David Johnston anunciara que el Partido Popular cumple con los criterios establecidos para los debates. [145]
Del 11 al 14 de octubre de 2019: Se abrieron las urnas anticipadas y se estimó que 4,7 millones de electores emitieron su voto, un aumento de la participación del 29 % con respecto a las elecciones generales de 2015. También fue la primera vez que las urnas estuvieron abiertas durante 12 horas cada día. [146] [147]
18 de octubre de 2019: Elections Canada informa de una participación histórica entre los votantes internacionales, con 21.842 electores emitiendo su voto. [148]
21 de octubre de 2019: Día de las elecciones: el Partido Liberal, liderado por el actual primer ministro Justin Trudeau , forma un gobierno minoritario con 157 escaños.
Respaldos
Lemas de campaña
Campaña electoral
Liberal
El Comisionado de Ética del Parlamento de Canadá , Mario Dion , encontró que Trudeau influyó indebidamente en la entonces Ministra de Justicia y Fiscal General Jody Wilson-Raybould para que interviniera en un caso penal en curso contra la empresa de construcción con sede en Quebec SNC-Lavalin . [184] El gobierno de Trudeau ha mantenido que no hubo presión indebida ni violación de la ley, que ofrecer a SNC-Lavalin un acuerdo de procesamiento diferido (DPA) podría salvar puestos de trabajo y que la controversia fue resultado de un malentendido y una "erosión de la confianza". El asunto se hizo público en febrero de 2019, poco después de que Wilson-Raybould hubiera sido trasladado a otro puesto en el gabinete. Wilson-Raybould renunció al gabinete más tarde ese día. Esto fue seguido por la renuncia de la ministra del gabinete Jane Philpott , por el manejo del asunto por parte del gobierno. En abril, Wilson-Raybould y Philpott fueron expulsados por Trudeau del grupo parlamentario liberal; Trudeau citó preocupaciones por la división y el debilitamiento posterior del partido liberal. El 2 de abril de 2019, Wilson-Raybould, como candidata liberal por Vancouver Granville , y Philpott, como candidata liberal por Markham—Stouffville , fueron deseleccionados como candidatos. [185]
A finales de agosto, el líder adjunto del partido Ralph Goodale , candidato liberal por Regina—Wascana , Lawrence MacAulay , candidato por Cardigan , y Francis Scarpaleggia , candidato por Lac-Saint-Louis , fueron señalados por su oposición al matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo . Los expertos argumentaron que Goodale estaba siendo hipócrita, debido a su papel con Scheer y el incidente del matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo. [186] [187] Goodale declaró más tarde que había evolucionado en la posición y quería respuestas de Scheer. [188]
El 30 de agosto, Hassan Guillet, candidato liberal por Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel , fue descartado como candidato tras acusaciones de comentarios antisemitas por parte de B'nai B'rith . [189] La nominación de Guillet había suscitado previamente la preocupación de que su origen étnico estaría fuera de lugar en la circunscripción de mayoría italiana. [190] Guillet negó la acusación, alegó que los liberales estaban al tanto del puesto y que "impusieron" a su reemplazante Patricia Lattanzio en la circunscripción. [191] El 20 de septiembre, Guillet anunció que se presentaría como independiente. [192]
Sameer Zuberi, candidato liberal por Pierrefonds—Dollard , fue nominado el 15 de septiembre, a pesar de cuestionar la participación de Osama bin Laden en el 11 de septiembre en una publicación en las redes sociales. [193] Zuberi calificó las acusaciones de falsas y dijo que era un intento de los conservadores de desviar la atención de sus propios candidatos con inclinaciones extremistas o supremacistas blancas. [194]
El 18 de septiembre, L'Express de Drummondville informó que en la nominación del candidato liberal por Drummond , William Morales, estuvieron presentes dos criminales convictos. Morales dijo que si bien mantiene contacto con miembros hispanohablantes de la comunidad de Drummondville, las dos personas no participaron en su campaña y que no tiene relaciones cercanas con ellos. [195] Más tarde le dijo a su periódico local que interactúa con los miembros independientemente de sus antecedentes. [196]
El 18 de septiembre, Trudeau generó controversia por una fotografía publicada en la revista Time , en la que llevaba maquillaje de cara marrón en una fiesta en la Academia Grey de West Point , donde era profesor, en 2001. Trudeau lo calificó de error y se disculpó públicamente por ello. [197] [198] Al disculparse, Trudeau también confesó haber usado maquillaje similar en la escuela secundaria. [199] Después de su disculpa, se descubrió un caso anterior de principios de la década de 1990 de Trudeau usando maquillaje de cara negra. [200] [199] Al día siguiente, Trudeau se disculpó nuevamente y dijo que "ya no era esa persona". [201] [202] [203] También dijo que no debería llamarse "maquillaje", sino cara negra. [202] Algunos comentaristas etiquetaron esto como hipócrita, ya que los liberales habían expuesto las fechorías pasadas de algunos candidatos conservadores. [204] [205] Trudeau provocó una reacción mixta del público. Algunos estaban molestos y contemplaron cambiar su voto, [206] [207] mientras que otros lo defendieron, como miembros de minorías, grupos comunitarios minoritarios, comentaristas racializados y algunos de sus oponentes. [207] [208] [209] [210] [211] [212] Más tarde, Trudeau anunció que quería disculparse personalmente con Jagmeet Singh, quien respondió que solo se reuniría con Trudeau para disculparse si era "libre de política" y privado. [213] Después del anuncio, Singh recibió una llamada de Trudeau el 24 de septiembre, y hablaron en privado durante 15 a 20 minutos. [214] En los días posteriores al escándalo, los encuestadores señalaron que la mayoría de los canadienses no estaban molestos por el escándalo o habían aceptado las disculpas de Trudeau. [215] [216]
El 23 de septiembre, Del Arnold, candidato liberal por Calgary Shepard , se disculpó con su rival conservador Tom Kmiec después de difundir información engañosa sobre su lugar de residencia. Arnold no se ha disculpado por un tuit eliminado que acusaba a Andrew Scheer de tener vínculos con la "supremacía blanca" y la manifestación de Unite the Right de 2017 en Virginia. [217]
El 28 de septiembre, Judy Sgro , candidata liberal por Humber River—Black Creek , hizo comentarios durante una entrevista con una cadena de radio llamada GBKM FM defendiendo el uso de maquillaje de cara marrón/negra por parte de Trudeau: "Aquellos en la comunidad negra me han dicho cuánto más aman al primer ministro, que él quería tener una cara negra. Que también estaba muy orgulloso de eso". Más tarde se disculpó por sus comentarios, diciendo que "los comentarios que hice en GBKM FM fueron insensibles", y agregó además "Debería haberlo sabido mejor, y me disculpo". [218] [219] [220]
El 13 de octubre, debido a una amenaza de seguridad, Trudeau llegó 90 minutos tarde a un mitin de campaña. Trudeau tomó precauciones de seguridad extraordinarias en el evento. Llevaba un chaleco antibalas y estaba rodeado de personal de seguridad fuertemente armado. Su esposa también debía presentarlo, pero no apareció en el escenario. El Partido Liberal no reveló la naturaleza de la amenaza. [221] [222] [223] Scheer y Singh mostraron preocupación por Trudeau después de la amenaza. [222] [224] Al día siguiente, la RCMP todavía estaba con el líder liberal. [225] Además, Trudeau explicó que siguió el consejo de la RCMP y que este evento no cambiará la forma en que hace campaña. [224] [226]
El 14 de octubre, Trudeau esquivó múltiples preguntas sobre una posible coalición con el NDP en un escenario minoritario. Respondió que sigue centrado en ganar una mayoría. [227] [228]
Conservador
Aproximadamente un año después de asumir el cargo, las encuestas mostraron que el primer ministro de Ontario, Doug Ford , del Partido Conservador Progresista de Ontario, era profundamente impopular, en algunos casos incluso menos popular que la anterior primera ministra del Partido Liberal de Ontario, Kathleen Wynne , cuando perdió el poder, [229] [230] [231] lo que podría haber disuadido a los votantes de votar por Scheer. [232] [233] Esto preocupó a los miembros del PCC y llevó al Partido Conservador Progresista de Ontario a convocar un receso prolongado de la legislatura provincial para reducir la cobertura informativa negativa, con el fin de ayudar a los conservadores federales. [234] [231] Si los conservadores perdían las elecciones, Scheer se comprometió a culpar a Ford durante su revisión de liderazgo. [231] Por lo tanto, antes de la campaña, Andrew Scheer se distanció de Ford y más tarde hizo campaña sin él. [235] [236] Mientras tanto, los liberales y los oponentes de Scheer intentaron sacar provecho de la impopularidad de Ford vinculando a Scheer con el primer ministro varias veces. [237] [238] [239]
Varios candidatos del CPC fueron descartados antes y durante la campaña. El 25 de abril, Harzadan Khattra, el candidato de Dufferin—Caledon , fue descalificado después de que un compañero concursante enviara al partido información verificable sobre "compra de membresías, votación indebida y otras preocupaciones". [240] El 28 de junio, Salim Mansur , el candidato de London North Centre , fue descalificado por supuestos temores de que los liberales caracterizaran el historial de Mansur como islamófobo. [241] El 10 de julio, Mark King, el candidato de Nipissing—Timiskaming , fue despojado de su nominación por razones controvertidas. [242] [243] El 12 de septiembre, Cameron Ogilvie, candidato conservador de Winnipeg North , renunció como candidato después de que el partido se enterara de una publicación retenida en las redes sociales que el Partido Conservador describió como "discriminatoria". [244] El 4 de octubre, el partido anunció que Heather Leung, la candidata de Burnaby North—Seymour , fue descartada debido a que surgieron informes de que ella había hecho comentarios anti-LGBTQ en un video de 2011. [245] [246] Debido a que la fecha límite para nombrar candidatos había pasado, su nombre permaneció en la boleta. [247] [246] Si ella ganara, no se sentaría en el caucus del partido. [248] Se plantearon preguntas sobre por qué el partido tardó tanto en eliminarla, ya que era "un producto conocido" cuando fue nominada. [249] [250] Ella había hecho comentarios anti-LGBTQ y antiaborto en el pasado e ignoró a los medios durante meses. [251] [250] [252] Su asociación de circunscripción también había sido criticada por sus controvertidas publicaciones en las redes sociales. [251] [246] El 10 de octubre, Leung afirmó que la habían malinterpretado y que sus comentarios se habían perdido en la traducción porque el inglés es su tercer idioma. Sin embargo, no se disculpó por sus comentarios. [253]
El 10 de julio, Cyma Musarat, candidata conservadora por Pickering—Uxbridge , enfrentó una acusación de sus compañeros de partido de que ganó su nominación mediante el uso de procedimientos de votación inadecuados. [254] El Partido Conservador enfrentó una acusación de que su sede había estado retrasando el concurso de nominación para encontrar un candidato diferente. [255] Del 24 de julio al 15 de septiembre, Ghada Melek atrajo la atención. Los ex organizadores del Partido Conservador Progresista de Ontario revelaron que esta candidata conservadora por Mississauga—Streetsville había sido rechazada como candidata en la circunscripción provincial por publicaciones en Twitter sobre el extremismo musulmán. [256] El Consejo Nacional de Musulmanes Canadienses tuvo problemas por las publicaciones en Twitter de Melek sobre el Islam y la comunidad LGBT+. [257] Scheer aceptó una disculpa que emitió por sus comentarios. [258] Más tarde, CTV News obtuvo su informe de investigación provincial y su promoción de teorías de conspiración fue vista como otro factor detrás de su descalificación. [259] Cuando se le preguntó por qué el partido provincial había puesto en evidencia a Melek, Scheer la defendió nuevamente. [260]
El 22 de agosto, Scheer enfrentó preguntas sobre un video en línea de 2005 en el que habló en contra del matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo [261] Scheer mismo no respondió hasta una conferencia de prensa una semana después, donde argumentó que Trudeau estaba planteando una cuestión divisiva; [262] Varios expertos tuvieron un problema con su respuesta. [263] [264] Semanas después, se le preguntó a Scheer si necesitaba disculparse por sus comentarios teniendo en cuenta los estándares que estableció para sus candidatos; sin embargo, no dio ninguna respuesta. [265] Después de la disculpa de Trudeau con respecto a la cara pintada de negro, se le preguntó nuevamente a Scheer si debería disculparse por sus palabras; no dio ninguna respuesta. [266] [267] Scheer una vez más decidió no responder la pregunta directamente en el popular programa de entrevistas de Quebec Tout le monde en parle . Dijo que apoya la ley y los derechos de los canadienses, pero que no caminará en los desfiles del Orgullo. [268]
Entre el 26 y el 30 de agosto, los conservadores fueron interrogados sobre el aborto. Alain Rayes , lugarteniente de Scheer en Quebec , atrajo la atención después de que le dijo a una estación de radio de Quebec que se había expresado mal sobre la postura del partido sobre el aborto. [269] Unos días después, Scheer celebró una conferencia de prensa, donde abordó el tema. Sin embargo, sus respuestas fueron vistas como confusas en los medios, y los activistas antiabortistas encontraron que sus respuestas eran un mensaje contradictorio. [270] [271] Un día después, Scheer dijo que él y su gabinete votarían en contra de los proyectos de ley antiabortistas si se reabriera el debate. [272] Scheer reiteró esta declaración en Tout le monde en parle . [268] Un día después de que sus rivales lo presionaran para que aclarara su posición durante el debate de TVA, Scheer mencionó que estaba a favor de la vida, pero reiteró lo que dijo en el pasado sobre los proyectos de ley antiabortistas. [273] [274]
El 12 de septiembre, Rachel Wilson, candidata conservadora por York Centre , atrajo la atención después de que se publicara un video en línea que pedía una legislación pro vida. [275] Wilson no hizo comentarios cuando se le preguntó sobre la legislación sobre el aborto. [276] El 13 de septiembre, Arpan Khanna, candidato conservador por Brampton North , se disculpó después de que se revelara que usó despreocupadamente el insulto " maricón " para burlarse de un amigo. [277] El 14 de septiembre, Justina McCaffrey, candidata conservadora por Kanata—Carleton , atrajo la atención por hacer comentarios negativos en un video sobre Justin Trudeau y los francófonos, y su relación con Faith Goldy . [278] Ella abandonó un evento de campaña cuando fue confrontada por periodistas, pero luego emitió una declaración disculpándose por sus comentarios y luego declaró que su relación con Goldy terminó hace mucho tiempo. [278] [279] Sin embargo, hubo fotos de los dos juntos en 2017, una de ellas mostraba a Goldy haciendo el " signo de OK ". [280] [281] [282] También se cuestionó el papel anterior del director de campaña conservador Hamish Marshall como director de Rebel Media , ya que Goldy era una personalidad en pantalla antes de ser despedida. [283] [284] El 7 de octubre, la Canadian Press descubrió que McCaffrey era miembro del controvertido grupo religioso Opus Dei . El portavoz del CPC respondió diciendo que no cuestionan a sus candidatos sobre sus creencias religiosas personales. [285]
El 28 de septiembre, The Globe and Mail reveló que no encontraron ningún registro de que Scheer hubiera recibido la licencia requerida por ley para trabajar como agente o corredor de seguros en Saskatchewan a pesar de que él lo había afirmado en el pasado. [286] [287] [288] Robert Fife , el jefe de la oficina de Ottawa de The Globe and Mail , explicó que Scheer era un empleado de seguros. [289] Scheer respondió diciendo que recibió su acreditación, pero que dejó la oficina de seguros antes de que finalizara el proceso de licencia. [288] [290] Más tarde, la Asociación de Corredores de Seguros de Saskatchewan dijo que Scheer completó solo uno de los cuatro cursos requeridos para convertirse en corredor de seguros. La IBAS se negó a hacer más comentarios y dijo que el diputado liberal Marco Mendicino había presentado una queja formal ante el Consejo General de Seguros de Saskatchewan. [291] [292]
El 3 de octubre, The Globe and Mail reveló que Scheer tenía doble ciudadanía canadiense y estadounidense. Esta última la obtuvo a través de su padre nacido en Estados Unidos. [293] [294] Comenzó el proceso de renuncia a su ciudadanía estadounidense en agosto. [294] [295] Scheer confirmó que ha presentado declaraciones de impuestos en Estados Unidos. Un portavoz del partido agregó que dejó caducar su pasaporte estadounidense y que no ha votado en ninguna elección estadounidense. [296] El partido verificó que está registrado para el reclutamiento bajo el Sistema de Servicio Selectivo de Estados Unidos , que es una lista de personas que pueden ser reclutadas en las fuerzas armadas en caso de una emergencia nacional. [297] [298] Cuando se le preguntó por qué no había revelado previamente su doble ciudadanía, Scheer afirmó que nunca le habían preguntado al respecto. [299] Fue visto como hipócrita ya que Scheer había atacado a la exgobernadora general Michaëlle Jean sobre este mismo tema y porque los conservadores habían atacado a Thomas Mulcair y Stéphane Dion sobre este tema. [293] [294] [300] Scheer defendió lo primero diciendo que estaba haciendo una pregunta a sus electores y dijo que no estaba dirigiendo el partido en el momento en que se produjo la segunda situación. [296] [301] Durante los días siguientes, se negó a explicar cómo viajó a los Estados Unidos sin un pasaporte estadounidense válido. Es contra la ley que los ciudadanos estadounidenses lo hagan sin un pasaporte estadounidense válido. [302]
El 11 de octubre, la CBC presentó una demanda ante el Tribunal Federal de Canadá contra el Partido Conservador por el uso de extractos de programas de televisión en publicidad partidista. Afirmaban que el uso de extractos por parte del partido violaba los "derechos morales" de la presentadora de noticias Rosemary Barton y del reportero John Paul Tasker. La demanda se presentó a pesar de que el material había sido retirado de los sitios web y borrado de Twitter. La CBC dijo que no se le dio ninguna garantía de que tal uso no se repetiría. La demanda dice que el uso del material de manera partidista "disminuye la reputación" de la CBC y la deja expuesta a acusaciones de parcialidad. [303] [304] [305] [306]
El 14 de octubre, Scheer descartó cualquier coalición o negociación con el Bloc Québécois. Dijo que "no necesita trabajar con el Bloc Québécois para obtener resultados para Quebec" y que puede trabajar con el primer ministro de Quebec, François Legault, para lograrlos. [307] [228] El 16 de octubre, Scheer dijo que el partido con más escaños debería tener derecho a formar gobierno. [308] [309] Un día después, se mantuvo firme en su afirmación y agregó que eso es lo que ha sucedido en la historia moderna. [310] Los periodistas señalaron que no era el caso y dieron ejemplos como las elecciones generales de Nuevo Brunswick de 2018 y las elecciones generales de Columbia Británica de 2017. [ 311] [312] [313] [314]
El 18 y 19 de octubre, The Globe and Mail y CBC News revelaron que el Partido Conservador había contratado a Warren Kinsella para "buscar y destruir" al Partido Popular. [315] [316] Bernier presentó una denuncia ante Elections Canada por lo que llamó "una campaña secreta para desprestigiar a su partido". [317] [318] Scheer no dijo ni negó que los conservadores contrataran a un consultor para destruir al PPC. [319] [320]
Nuevo Partido Democrático
Durante la campaña, algunos candidatos del NDP fueron descartados o dimitidos. El 20 de junio, Rana Zaman, candidata por Dartmouth—Cole Harbour , fue descartada por unos comentarios sobre el conflicto israelí-palestino que el partido consideró "inaceptables". [321]
El 16 de agosto, Pierre Nantel , candidato por Longueuil—Saint-Hubert , fue deseleccionado después de que surgieran informes sobre discusiones en curso sobre la incorporación de Nantel al Partido Verde de Canadá . [322] El 11 de septiembre, Dock Currie, candidato por Kamloops-Thompson-Cariboo , se vio obligado a dimitir por los comentarios "frívolos y agresivos" que hizo hacia los activistas a favor del oleoducto. [323] Al día siguiente, Olivier Mathieu, candidato por Lasalle-Emard-Verdun , dimitió tras las acusaciones de abuso físico contra su exesposa. [324]
Durante las elecciones, Jagmeet Singh se enfrentó a preguntas sobre el uso de turbante y si eso reduciría el número de personas que votarían por él. Jonathan Richardson, ex miembro ejecutivo del NDP federal para el Atlántico de Canadá, que desertó al Partido Verde , declaró en una entrevista con CBC Radio que algunos candidatos potenciales del NDP dudaban en presentarse en Nuevo Brunswick, debido al turbante de Singh. [325] CTV News cubrió un evento de Singh en Verner, Ontario y habló con varios votantes allí, incluidos partidarios del NDP, que dijeron que no votarían por un líder que usara turbante. [326] CBC News encontró una reacción similar en el distrito electoral de Ruth Ellen Brosseau . [327] Singh respondió a estas preocupaciones. Explicó algunas cosas sobre su turbante y grabó un anuncio en francés sin él para aliviar las preocupaciones de la gente. [328] [329] Además, según Alexandre Boulerice , líder adjunto del partido y lugarteniente de Quebec , el NDP apunta a los votantes jóvenes y a ellos no les importa el turbante. [330]
El 2 de octubre, un hombre le dijo a Singh que se cortara el turbante para parecer más canadiense durante un acto de campaña. Singh respondió que los canadienses "parecen todo tipo de personas" antes de marcharse. [331] [332]
Durante la campaña, Singh habló sobre lo que haría en una minoría. El 22 de agosto, debido a la controversia sobre los comentarios previos de Scheer sobre el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo, anunció que el NDP no apoyaría un gobierno de minoría conservadora bajo ninguna circunstancia. [333] El 22 de septiembre, Singh anunció que a pesar de los incidentes pasados de Trudeau con la cara pintada de marrón y negra, no descartaría trabajar con los liberales en un escenario de minoría. [334] El 10 de octubre, expuso las condiciones para el apoyo del NDP en un Parlamento minoritario: un plan nacional de seguro médico universal de pagador único, un plan nacional de atención dental, inversiones en vivienda, un plan para renunciar a los intereses de los préstamos estudiantiles, un compromiso para reducir las emisiones, terminar con los subsidios a las compañías petroleras y entregar ayuda a los trabajadores petroleros para que salgan de las industrias de combustibles fósiles, la introducción de un impuesto a la "superriqueza", un compromiso para cerrar las lagunas fiscales y reducir las facturas de los teléfonos celulares. Más tarde añadió que cambiar la forma en que el país vota también es una condición (el NDP de Singh respalda un sistema de representación proporcional de miembros mixtos ). [335] [336] Añadió que no descarta apoyar a un gobierno minoritario liberal propietario de oleoductos. [337] El 13 de octubre, Singh dijo que "haría lo que fuera necesario" para mantener a los conservadores fuera del poder, incluida la formación de un gobierno de coalición con los liberales. Añadió que está "dispuesto a trabajar con cualquiera", cuando se le preguntó sobre el Bloque. [338] [339] Al día siguiente, Singh se retractó de esos comentarios e instó a los canadienses a votar al NDP para recibir servicios como atención farmacéutica universal y atención dental. [228] [340] [341] Más tarde, Singh dijo que la coalición no es una mala palabra y reafirmó su opinión de que bajo ninguna circunstancia su partido apoyaría a los conservadores en una minoría. [342]
Bloque Quebequense
El 9 de agosto, André Parizeau, candidato del Bloque por Ahuntsic-Cartierville , llamó la atención sobre sus pasadas afiliaciones comunistas como líder del Parti Communiste du Québec (PCQ). [343] Parizeau desautorizó al PCQ para ser aceptado como candidato. [344]
En octubre, el Bloc Québécois llamó a los quebequenses a votar por candidatos "que se parezcan a ustedes" ("des gens qui nous ressemblent") en las elecciones, lo que llevó al líder del NDP Jagmeet Singh a denunciar el mensaje como inaceptable y divisivo. En su declaración de cierre durante el debate en francés del miércoles, el líder del Bloc Yves-François Blanchet llamó a los votantes a "optar por hombres y mujeres que se parezcan a ustedes, que compartan sus valores, que compartan sus preocupaciones y que trabajen por sus intereses, y solo por los intereses de los quebequenses". El Bloc ha dicho que el comentario no tiene nada que ver con los antecedentes o la religión de alguien sino con los valores quebequenses. [345] [346] [347] [348] Durante el debate en inglés, Blanchet calificó de deshonesta la traducción de sus palabras y mencionó que las mismas palabras fueron utilizadas por Igniatieff en 2011 y Mulcair en 2015. [349]
El 10 de octubre, Le Journal de Montréal descubrió que cuatro candidatos del BQ habían hecho publicaciones en las redes sociales racistas y antiislámicas. [350] [351] Una portavoz del Bloc dijo que dependía de los quebequenses juzgar las publicaciones en las redes sociales de sus candidatos. [351] Los comentarios fueron condenados por Elizabeth May, Jagmeet Singh, Mélanie Joly y Françoise David . [352] Más tarde, todos los candidatos publicaron la misma disculpa en sus respectivas cuentas de redes sociales e Yves-François Blanchet se disculpó por las publicaciones islamófobas y racistas de sus candidatos en las redes sociales. [353] [354]
El 13 de octubre, Blanchet anunció que no apoyaría una coalición o un partido en caso de minoría. El Bloque analizará cada tema por separado y apoyará lo que sea mejor para Quebec. [355] [356]
Partido Verde
Varios candidatos del GPC fueron descartados o renunciaron durante el curso de la campaña. El 23 de julio, Brock Grills, candidato verde por Peterborough—Kawartha , renunció por "razones personales". Grills fue acusado de fraude por un ex empleador, pero él y el presidente de la EDA declararon que la acusación no fue la razón detrás de su renuncia. Grills, quien repitió su razonamiento, también mencionó que la oficina central del Partido Verde "presionó" para su renuncia porque estaba contactando a otros partidos para pedirles que adoptaran políticas para frenar el cambio climático. [357] El 16 de agosto, Luc Saint-Hilaire, candidato verde por Lévis—Lotbinière , se vio obligado a renunciar debido a una publicación en Facebook que exigía a Boufeldja Benabdallah, cofundadora del Centre Culturel Islamique de Québec , que denunciara a un hombre que supuestamente prendió fuego a su ex esposa. [358] El 12 de septiembre, Erik Schomann, candidato verde por Simcoe North , renunció debido a una publicación en Facebook de 2007 que parecía sugerir que quería enviar por correo trozos de un cadáver de cerdo a los musulmanes en apoyo a los manifestantes durante la controversia del cómic Mahoma . [359] El 7 de octubre, Marthe Lépine, candidata en Glengarry—Prescott—Russell , fue descartada por comentarios antiabortistas; sin embargo, como el partido no cumplió con el plazo para eliminarla de la boleta, permaneció a pesar de haber sido desautorizada. [360]
El 9 de septiembre, el Partido Verde emitió una declaración insistiendo en que hay "cero posibilidades" de reabrir el debate sobre el aborto; pocas horas después, May declaró que el Partido Verde no prohibiría a los miembros intentar reabrir el debate sobre el aborto en una entrevista. [361] May agregó más tarde que los parlamentarios corren el riesgo de ser expulsados si deciden reabrir el debate. [362] Del 10 al 16 de septiembre, la atención se centró en Pierre Nantel , el candidato de Longueuil—Saint-Hubert . Él generó esta atención por sus comentarios sobre el separatismo de Quebec en una estación de radio de Quebec. May cuestionó que Nantel fuera un soberanista de Quebec , pero Nantel la contradijo después. [363] Sin embargo, May declaró que aún podría ser candidato. [142] Algunos periodistas y columnistas estaban confundidos por su razonamiento para mantenerlo como candidato. [364] [365] Además, el hijo del difunto Jack Layton le pidió a May que no usara a este último para puntos políticos al defender a Nantel. [366] El 10 de septiembre, se reveló que Mark Vercouteren, el candidato de Chatham-Kent-Leamington , y Macarena Diab, la candidata de Louis-Hébert , habían hecho "declaraciones contra el aborto". [367] Un portavoz los defendió a ambos, pero unos días después, May reveló que Vercoutern estaba siendo "reevaluado" porque el partido no había notado los cuestionarios de Vercouteren. [142] Una semana después de que se revelaran los comentarios originales, Vercouteren declaró que su punto de vista estaba alineado con el partido. [368] El 12 de septiembre, Dale Dewar, candidato verde de Regina—Qu'Appelle , se disculpó por hacer comentarios negativos en las redes sociales sobre Israel, el sionismo y los israelíes . [369]
El 15 de octubre, el Partido Verde encontró publicaciones antiislámicas en las redes sociales realizadas por cuatro de sus candidatos de Quebec. [370] [371]
El 23 de septiembre, el GPC fue objeto de escrutinio en todo el mundo por manipular una fotografía de Elizabeth May para que pareciera que estaba usando un vaso reutilizable y una pajita de metal en lugar de un vaso desechable. [372] [373] [374] Cuando estuvo en Tout le monde en parle , May aclaró que la foto original mostraba un vaso compostable; la imagen fue modificada para agregar el logotipo del GPC. Ella admitió que era ridículo que un miembro del personal modificara la imagen. [375]
En los días previos a la campaña y durante la misma, May habló sobre lo que haría en una minoría. El 3 de septiembre, anunció que no estaría dispuesta a apoyar a ningún gobierno minoritario de los partidos principales dados los planes climáticos actuales. [376] Más tarde, el 26 de septiembre, May anunció que el GPC no apoyaría a un gobierno minoritario que avance con la expansión del oleoducto Trans Mountain. [377] En la última semana de la campaña, la idea de una coalición tomó fuerza. May dijo que en los países con representación proporcional , los partidos pueden planificar gobernar juntos antes de las elecciones, pero que en Canadá ese tipo de conversaciones "no tienen sentido" debido al sistema de mayoría simple . [378] [379]
Partido Popular
En febrero de 2019, LaPresse descubrió que Martin Masse, portavoz del PPC, había escrito publicaciones de blog controvertidas en el pasado. [380] The Star descubrió que cuatro miembros del PPC habían utilizado una retórica racista y antiinmigrante. Como resultado, fueron expulsados del partido. [381] [382] El propio Bernier ha sido acusado varias veces de utilizar la política del silbido de perro . [383] [382] [384] Bernier respondió a esto diciendo que los racistas no son bienvenidos en su partido y reconociendo que Canadá es un país diverso. [385] [382] Más tarde, Maxime Bernier generó una reacción después de que apareciera en línea una fotografía de él con miembros de un grupo antiinmigración. [386] [387] Bernier dijo a los medios que todos son bienvenidos a sus eventos, que no está al tanto de sus puntos de vista, que los condenaría si los medios pudieran demostrar que eran racistas y que los racistas no eran bienvenidos en su partido, pero los expertos se mostraron escépticos con respecto a Bernier y pensaron que él estaba muy consciente de quién asistía. [387] Unas semanas más tarde, también fue reprendido por ser fotografiado con Paul Fromm . Un portavoz declaró que Bernier no tenía idea de quién era Fromm, pero una vez más los expertos se mostraron escépticos ante la explicación. [388] [389] [390] El 23 de septiembre, los sitios de noticias revelaron que uno de los miembros fundadores del PPC era un nacionalista blanco y otros dos tenían vínculos con grupos antiinmigratorios . [391] [392] Uno de esos miembros fundadores, un exlíder neonazi estadounidense, se ofrecía como voluntario para el partido. También era miembro del Partido Conservador Progresista de Ontario . [393] Fue expulsado del partido el 29 de agosto, después de que su pasado saliera a la luz. [394] El portavoz del PPC dijo que no se mencionó durante el proceso de investigación porque venía de Estados Unidos. Más tarde citaron a Global News que su expulsión fue un ejemplo de la postura del Partido contra el racismo. [391] El partido le dijo a Le Devoir que no tenían suficientes recursos para investigarlos al comienzo de la formación del PPC y los otros dos miembros negaron tener opiniones racistas. [395]
El 30 de julio, Cody Payant, candidato del pueblo por Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek , atrajo la atención por una publicación en las redes sociales en defensa de Lindsay Shepherd . Payant argumentó que la publicación fue sacada de contexto. Bernier defendió a Payant después de hablar con él y quedó satisfecho con su explicación. [396]
El 2 de septiembre, Maxime Bernier calificó a Greta Thunberg de "mentalmente inestable" en Twitter. [397] Unos días después, se retractó de sus comentarios y afirmó que su intención era criticar su papel como "portavoz del alarmismo climático " y que no pretendía denigrarla. [398] Después de la campaña, Bernier calificó estos comentarios como su único arrepentimiento electoral y como un error. [399]
El 18 de septiembre, Steven Fletcher , candidato del pueblo por Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley , negó las acusaciones de uso ilegal de carteles de campaña y datos de votantes del Partido Conservador. Fletcher también sugirió que la medida tenía motivaciones políticas por parte del Partido Conservador y se mostró preocupado por el hecho de que la carta se filtrara en línea. [400] El 19 de septiembre de 2019, Nancy Mercier, candidata del pueblo por Beauséjour , expresó su preocupación por parte de las organizaciones locales por los comentarios sobre el islamismo y la inmigración . Mercier indicó que sus preocupaciones son sobre el terrorismo islámico y no sobre los miembros de ninguna raza. [401] El 10 de octubre, Sybil Hogg, candidata por Sackville-Preston-Chezzetcook, fue criticada por una serie de tuits antiislamistas que llamaban al Islam "pura maldad" y que pedían que la religión fuera prohibida en Canadá. El director ejecutivo del PPC se puso en contacto con ella para entender el contexto y Hogg le explicó que no había logrado distinguir entre "islam" e "islamismo" o "islam radical". Añadió que su preocupación era el islam radical y no el islam. Debido a la respuesta, el PPC dijo que no tomaría medidas contra ella. Más tarde, Bernier calificó los tuits de "absolutamente racistas e islamófobos" y confirmó que no se enfrentaría a consecuencias. [402] [403] [404]
Several candidates were dropped or stepped down before the election. On September 6, Ken Pereira, People's candidate for Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, stepped down because of a "terrible family tragedy". When announced as the candidate, Pereira had attracted attention for his online "anti-vaccine" and "pro-conspiracy theory" posts and was defended by the party.[405] On September 12, Brian Misera, People's candidate for Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam, claimed that he was removed for asking Bernier to denounce racism more clearly in an online video posted on Misera's Twitter account. However, the PPC stated that Misera was removed after he allegedly admitted to the party that he was his own financial agent, a violation of Elections Canada rules.[277] Yet a statement of Misera's disqualification obtained by City News made no reference to the PPC's claim or Misera's claim.[406] On September 30, Chad Hudson, People's Party candidate for the Nova Scotia riding of West Nova, tweeted that he would no longer be running for the party, less than two hours before Elections Canada's deadline for candidates to officially register to be on the ballot. He criticized the party and its leadership for being "divisive", as well as "bad for democracy" and contributors to the "toxic state of politics". Hudson, later admitted that he did not notify the party of his decision.[407] On October 8, Victor Ong the People's Party of Canada candidate in Winnipeg North resigned after deciding the party is "racist and intolerant".[408][409]
Third-party organizations
On August 19, environmental groups were warned by Elections Canada that any third party that promotes information about climate change during the election period with paid advertising could be engaging in partisan activity.[410] Registered charities with a charitable tax status would be required to register as a third party for the election if they engaged in any partisan activity incurring $500, which would include advertising and surveys, or risk their charitable tax status.[411] These regulations were a result of People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier expressing doubts about the legitimacy of climate change, because a third party that advertises the dangers of climate change during the election period may be considered to be indirectly advocating against the People's Party.[411] After confusion about the warning, Elections Canada released a public statement to clarify that the prohibition applied only to advertising, not speech in general the following day.[412]
On August 25, billboards purchased by a True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp., a third party promoting the People's Party of Canada's immigration policy, with the text "Say NO to Mass Immigration" appeared in Vancouver, Calgary, Regina, and Halifax. True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp is run by Frank Smeenk, the chief executive of a Toronto-based mining exploration company. The Peoples Party of Canada told the media that it had no contact with the group.[413] Initially, Pattison Outdoor Advertising defended the billboards, arguing that they complied with the Advertising Standards Canada Code[414] but later decided to pull them and said that they would review their protocols on advocacy advertising.[415] The Pattison president later revealed that the billboards would have stayed up had True North Strong & Free identified themselves on the billboards and how the public could get in touch with them.[416]
On October 3, the CBC revealed that the Manning Centre is a driving financial force behind a network of anti-Liberal Facebook pages pumping out political messaging and memes during the federal election campaign.[417][418] Facebook pulled one of their ads due to the excess violence.[419] The Manning Centre's donations to those groups, worth more than $300,000, are hidden, since the think tank, which did not register as a third party, does not intend to disclose them. Elections Canada says there is nothing in the law to prevent outside groups from raising money and then passing those donations along to third-party advertisers.[420][421] As a result of this lack of disclosure, Democracy Watch filed a complaint to Canada's Chief Electoral Officer. It argued that the Manning Centre should have registered as a third party.[22][422] Furthermore, due to this controversy, Jean-Pierre Kingsley, the former chief electoral officer, said that the next federal government must close the gap in the law that allowed the Manning Centre to raise money and then pass it along to third-party groups without disclosing the source of those donations.[423]
Platforms
Misinformation
During the Maclean's debate, Scheer said that refugees were "jumping the queue". Journalists called this a false statement and one expert explained that "there is no queue".[489][490]
On September 17, 2019, Brock Harrison, Scheer's director of communication, and the CPC tweeted that the RCMP had confirmed Trudeau was under investigation for SNC-Lavalin. Scheer himself also repeated the allegation. Both tweets were removed after journalists deemed it to be false.[491][492]
A claim was circulating online that Bill Morneau was related to RCMP Commissioner Brenda Lucki through her husband, which is what was stopping the RCMP investigation regarding SNC-Lavalin. The claim is false; Lucki's husband is not related to Morneau.[493][494] Furthermore, there has been no confirmation that there is an RCMP investigation.[491][492]
The Buffalo Chronicle, an American fake news website, promoted a false rumour about a sex scandal that supposedly resulted in Justin Trudeau's departure from West Point Grey Academy.[495][496] The rumour was propagated by other fake news websites, gossip magazines, Warren Kinsella and Ezra Levant. On October 7, 2019, the Conservatives issued a press release referencing the rumour and asking "why did Justin Trudeau leave West Point Grey Academy?". The Toronto Star and The Globe and Mail devoted multiple reporters to the story and found nothing to corroborate it. The former headmaster also released a statement that said "there is no truth to any speculation that [Trudeau] was dismissed".[497][498]
During the campaign, the NDP claimed Bill Morneau had used tax-havens when he was the executive chair of Morneau Shepell, which was proven false. A probe by Canadians for Tax Fairness found that Morneau Shepell's subsidiary in the Bahamas was a legitimate business and not a way to avoid taxes.[499] The NDP retracted the statement a few weeks after the campaign had ended.[500]
Leaders' debates
Opinion polls
Evolution of voting intentions according to polls conducted during campaign period of the 2019 Canadian federal election, graphed from the data in the table below. Trendlines are local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the trendlines, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals.Evolution of voting intentions during the pre-campaign period of the 43rd Canadian federal election. Trendlines are local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the regressions, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals. Source code for plot generation is available here.[509]
Results
Popular vote by province, with graphs indicating the number of seats won within that province or territory. (Because seats are awarded by the popular vote in each riding, the provincial popular vote does not necessarily translate to more seats.)
With 157, the Liberals won a plurality of seats in the House of Commons, allowing them to form a government albeit short of the majority government that they had won in 2015.
Marking the first time in Canadian history that no single party received more than 35% of the popular vote,[2][511] the Conservatives won 34.41% of the popular vote, a plurality of the vote despite finishing 36 seats behind the Liberals, who won 33.07% of the vote. The NDP placed third in the popular vote at 15.98%, the party's worst performance since 2004, while the Bloc Québécois came in fourth with 7.69% of the popular vote, its best performance since 2008; as the Bloc Québécois vote is concentrated entirely in Quebec, however, the party placed ahead of the NDP in terms of seats despite winning less than half of the party's vote. The Greens placed fifth with 6.55% of the popular vote, while the People's Party received 1.64% in its inaugural election.[512]
Liberal strength was predominantly concentrated in Eastern Canada and British Columbia. In Ontario, the Liberals won 79 of the province's 121 seats, with a particularly strong showing in the Golden Horseshoe, where the party was not only able to fend off expected challenges from the Conservatives and the NDP but gain the Conservative-held ridings of Kitchener—Conestoga and Milton. In Quebec, the party won 35 of the province's 78 seats, with gains from the NDP (specifically the ridings of Hochelaga, Laurier—Sainte-Marie, Outremont, and Sherbrooke) offsetting losses to the Bloc Québécois, and with the party doing particularly well on the Island of Montreal where they got their best result since 1980. In Atlantic Canada, the Liberals won 26 out of the region's 32 seats, sweeping Prince Edward Island and winning all but a single seat in both Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia. In Western Canada, the party won only 15 of the region's 104 seats, winning 11 seats in British Columbia and 4 in Manitoba and being shut out of Alberta and Saskatchewan for the first time since 2011 and 1988, respectively. The best Liberal showing in Canada's west was in British Columbia, where they won 11 out of 42 seats. The Liberals also won two of the three territories, Yukon and the Northwest Territories.[513][514][515][o]
Conservative strength was predominantly concentrated in Western Canada, particularly in Alberta and Saskatchewan, where the party won all but one of the 48 seats between the two provinces. In British Columbia the Conservatives won 17 of the province's 42 seats, while in Manitoba the party won half the province's 14 seats, with the remainder split between the Liberals and NDP. The Conservatives increased their vote share in every district in three of those provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba). However, it only resulted in a net gain of 10 seats. In Ontario the party won 36 out of the province's 121 seats, an increase of three seats compared to 2015, with losses to the Liberals in the Golden Horseshoe being offset by gains from the Liberals and NDP elsewhere in the province, though Ontario was nevertheless only one of two provinces where the Conservatives saw their share of the popular vote decrease compared to 2015. In Quebec, the second province where the Conservatives won a lower share of the popular vote than they did in 2015, the party won 10 of the province's 78 seats. In Atlantic Canada, the party was able to win 4 of the region's 32 seats after having been shut out entirely in 2015, winning 3 in New Brunswick and a single seat in Nova Scotia, though the party remained shut out of Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island.[513][516][517]
Only running in Quebec, the Bloc Québécois won 32 of the province's 78 seats, with the party doing particularly well in the Greater Montreal Area.[515][o] Gaining seats from the Conservatives, Liberals, and in particular the NDP, compared to 2015 the party saw its share of the vote increase in all but one of the province's 78 seats, the one exception being the Montreal riding of Laurier—Sainte-Marie, where the party ran a candidate other than former party leader Gilles Duceppe for the first time in its history.[514][518]
With 11 seats in British Columbia and 6 seats in Ontario, the two provinces accounted for a majority of the NDP's 24 seats,[515][o] though in both provinces the party lost ground compared to 2015: in British Columbia, the party lost the ridings of Kootenay—Columbia and Port Moody—Coquitlam to the Conservatives and Nanaimo—Ladysmith to the Greens, while in Ontario the party lost Essex and Windsor—Tecumseh to the Conservatives and Liberals, respectively. In Manitoba, the party won 3 of the province's 14 seats, picking up a single seat from the Liberals, while in each of Alberta, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nunavut the party won a single seat, gaining the latter riding for the first time since 1980.[519] In Alberta, Heather McPherson managed to hold the riding of Edmonton Strathcona following Linda Duncan's retirement, becoming the only non-Conservative MP in the province,[520][521] while in Newfoundland and Labrador, Jack Harris returned to parliament after having been defeated in 2015, becoming the party's only MP in Atlantic Canada.[512] In Quebec, only eight years after the Orange Wave saw the party win 59 of the province's then-75 seats, the NDP won just one of the province's 78 seats—the seat of Deputy Leader Alexandre Boulerice—as a result of losses to both the Bloc Québécois and the Liberals, with prominent MPs Ruth Ellen Brosseau, Guy Caron, and Matthew Dubé losing re-election and the party suffering its worst performance since 2008.[522][523][518]
In addition to party leader Elizabeth May being re-elected, the Greens held the Vancouver Island riding of Nanaimo—Ladysmith, previously won from the NDP in a by-election earlier in the year, and gained the New Brunswick riding of Fredericton from the Liberals, marking the first time the party has won a seat outside of British Columbia.[524] With three seats total, the election marked the best performance in the party's history, with May declaring on election night that the party's results marked "the best election result that any Green Party in any first past-the-post system has ever had."[525]
Cartogram of the 2019 Canadian federal election results using equal-area ridings
Results by province
Analysis
Vote-splitting benefited the Conservatives in Ontario and Metro Vancouver, the Liberals in Quebec and the Maritimes, and the NDP in British Columbia and outside the GTA in Ontario. It also helped the Bloc in some Quebec ridings.[527] Furthermore, analysis by different news outlets showed that the PPC cost the Tories six to seven seats. However, a Tory strategist said that it is not guaranteed that PPC voters would have voted for the Conservatives. The PPC's spokesperson echoed similar sentiments.[528][529][530]
Strategic voting was prominent across the country. However, it was not the primary factor for most. According to a poll conducted after the election, of respondents who ultimately voted Liberal, 46 per cent said they had considered voting for the NDP at some point during the campaign. Another 29 per cent considered voting Green. Additionally, 15 per cent of Conservative voters considered voting for the People's Party.[531][532]
Ninety-eight women were elected to federal seats in this election. This also set a new record, both by number and by percentage, but still fell short of equality advocates' goal of 30% women. The highest percentage of elected women was in the Green party, with two female MPs out of three elected Green Party members.[533][534]
Election aftermath
Following the election, Trudeau ruled out a coalition and announced that his new cabinet would be sworn in on November 20, 2019.[342] On November 4, 2019, Elizabeth May announced that she would be stepping down as leader of the Green Party.[535] On December 12, 2019, Andrew Scheer announced that he was resigning as leader of the Conservative Party.[536]
Recounts
Defeated parties sought recounts in three ridings where the races were won by a few hundred votes. The Bloc Québécois made its request in the Quebec Superior Court for the ridings of Hochelaga and Québec[537][538] and the NDP sought a recount for the riding of Port Moody—Coquitlam. Federal judges accepted the requests and ruled that recounts should happen for those ridings.[539][540] All three recount requests were withdrawn during the recounting process, thus the victors stayed the same.[541][542][543][544]
Electoral reform
The nature of the elections' results reignited calls for electoral reform.[545][546][547][548][549] Some commentators argued against the current first-past-the-post system,[550][551][552][553] while others defended it.[554][555] Dominic O'Sullivan, Associate Professor of Political Science at Charles Sturt University, argued that Canada should follow in New Zealand's footsteps with their electoral reform.[556] News outlets also published articles showing what the election results could have looked like if Trudeau had kept his promise on electoral reform.[557][547][558]
After the election, Elizabeth May sent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau a letter recommending STV as a compromise for electoral reform since it meets some of the concerns Trudeau expressed in the past.[559][560]
After Justin Trudeau's re-election on October 21, 2019, #Wexit trended on social media.[562] However, experts stated part of the push was due to disinformation and bots.[563][564] On November 4, 2019, the separatist group Wexit Alberta applied for federal political party status.[565] On November 6, 2019, a poll conducted by Ipsos show a historic high level of interest in secession from Canada in both Alberta and Saskatchewan by 33% and 27%, respectively.[566][567] On January 12, 2020, Wexit Canada was granted eligibility for the next federal election.[568] They subsequently changed their name to the Maverick Party.[569]
Chinese government interference
In late 2022, Global News reported on a suspected attempt by the government of China to infiltrate the Parliament of Canada by funding a network of candidates to run in the 2019 federal election.[570][571][572][573][574] Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated on November 20, 2022, regarding alleged interference in the election that "I do not have any information, nor have I been briefed on any federal candidates receiving any money from China".[575] In February 2023, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) concluded that the Chinese government interfered in the 2019 elections.[576]
^Not the incumbent, but stood in this seat and won.
^ a bFollowing his removal from the NDP caucus, Pierre Nantel sat as an independent until the writ was dropped, but ran as a Green Party candidate on Federal election day.[10]
^Erin Weir designated himself as a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation following his expulsion from the NDP caucus. The CCF is not a registered party and Weir's designation exists only in a parliamentary, not electoral, sense. See: Co-operative Commonwealth Federation#2018
^While the source is from 2015, this still applied to 2019
^Endorsed a Liberal minority with an NDP/Green balance of power
^ a bJoint Liberal/BQ endorsement.
^Endorsed Heather McPherson, the NDP candidate in her riding of Edmonton-Strathcona
^The NDP changed their French slogan during the campaign. Prior to this one, they used "On se bat pour vous", which is "We Fight for You" in English.
^The GPC changed their French slogan during the campaign. Prior to this one, they used "Ni à droite ni à gauche. Vers l'avant ensemble", which is "Neither left nor right. Forward together" in English.
^According to Elections Canada rules, third parties are allowed to spend $1,023,400 in the pre-election period between June 30 and the start of the election campaign. They can spend an additional $511,700 during the election campaign.
^These are not all the third parties that spent money during the election
^The debate was cancelled due to Trudeau refusing to attend
^The debate was cancelled due to Scheer refusing to attend
^As the number of seats in the House of Commons has increased over time, in terms of share of seats in the House the Conservative's formed the largest opposition caucus since 1980.
^ a b cSome of the information (vote share and turnout) in the previous reference is not reflective of the final results
^Includes Heather Leung, who was ejected from the Conservative Party after candidate registration was closed.
^Includes Marthe Lépine, who was ejected by the party, and Michael Kalmanovitch, who publicly withdrew and threw his support to the local NDP candidate, both after candidate registration was closed.
^Includes Pierre Nantel, who ran as a candidate for the Green Party in the 2019 election.
^Erin Weir used this as his parliamentary affiliation after being ejected from the NDP; the CCF ceased to exist as a party when the NDP was formed in 1961.
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Official reports
Canada. Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada (2020). "Report on the 43rd General Election of October 21, 2019" (PDF). Report of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada on the ... General Election. Gatineau: Elections Canada. ISSN 1498-461X.
Canada. Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada (2020). Retrospective Report on the 43rd General Election of October 21, 2019 (PDF). Gatineau: Elections Canada. ISBN 978-0-660-38268-5.
